scholarly journals Bronchial carcinoid in children

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Surendran Aneeshkumar ◽  
L. Sundararajan ◽  
T. Sunder ◽  
Ayesha Shahnaz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Bronchial Carcinoid ◽  
Skeletal Abnormality ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Slow Growing

Bronchial carcinoids (BCs) are uncommon, slow growing, low-grade malignant neoplasm comprising 0.5-2.5% of all primary lung cancers. Although BC’s in childhood often have an endobronchial location causing airway obstruction, they are frequently misdiagnosed as benign conditions, resulting in a delay in definitive diagnosis and treatment. Lung sparing surgery should be done whenever possible, more so in children, for better quality of life and minimizing skeletal abnormality which follows pneumonectomy. We present two cases of bronchial carcinoid in young children.

scholarly journals QOL-36. USE OF CANNABINOIDS IN THE PEDIATRIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMOR POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii438-iii438
Author(s):  
Kathleen Dorris ◽  
Jessica Channell ◽  
Ashley Mettetal ◽  
Molly Hemenway ◽  
Natalie Briones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND Cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are a class of compounds found in marijuana. Numerous studies in adults have examined cannabinoid use in management of cancer-related symptoms such as nausea, anorexia, and pain. Less is known about the use in the pediatric oncology population. METHODS A prospective observational study has been ongoing since 2016 at Children’s Hospital Colorado to evaluate cannabinoids’ impact using PedsQL™ modules on quality of life of pediatric patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors who are 2–18 years old. Laboratory assessments of T-cell activity and pharmacokinetics of CBD, THC and associated metabolites are in process. Diaries with exploratory information on cannabinoid use patterns are being collected. RESULTS Thirty-three patients (14:19; male:female) have been enrolled with a median age of 6.4 years (range, 2.9–17.7 years). The most common tumor type in enrolled patients is embryonal tumors (13/33; 39%). Nine (27%) patients have low-grade glial/glioneuronal tumors, and eight (24%) had high-grade/diffuse midline gliomas. The remaining patients had ependymoma or craniopharyngioma. The median time on cannabinoids is 9 months. Most (n=20) patients have used oral products with CBD and THC. One patient continues on cannabinoid therapy in follow up. Preliminary immune function analyses identified impaired neutrophil superoxide anion production and chemotaxis in patients taking cannabinoids at early time points on therapy. CONCLUSIONS Families of children with various CNS tumors are pursuing cannabinoid therapy for both antitumor and supportive care purposes. Analysis of the impact of cannabinoids on patients’ quality of life is ongoing.

Mini-review: Childhood-onset Craniopharyngioma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Otte ◽  
Hermann L Müller
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
Grade Malignancy

Abstract Craniopharyngiomas are rare embryonic malformational tumors of the sellar/parasellar region, classified by the WHO as tumors with low-grade malignancy (WHO I°). The childhood adamantinomatous subtype of craniopharyngioma is usually cystic with calcified areas. At the time of diagnosis, hypothalamic/pituitary deficits, visual disturbances and increased intracranial pressure are major symptoms. The treatment of choice in case of favorable tumor location (without hypothalamic involvement) is complete resection. It is important to ensure that optical and hypothalamic functionality are preserved. In case of unfavorable tumor location, i.e. with hypothalamic involvement, a hypothalamus-sparing surgical strategy with subsequent local irradiation of residual tumor is recommended. In the further course of the disease, recurrences and progression often occur. Nevertheless, overall survival rates are high at 92%. Severe impairment of quality of life and comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, hypothalamic obesity and neurological consequences can be observed in patients with disease- and/or treatment-related lesions of hypothalamic structures. Childhood-onset craniopharyngioma frequently manifests as a chronic disease so that patients require lifelong, continuous care by experienced multidisciplinary teams to manage clinical and quality of life consequences.For this review, a search for original articles and reviews published between 1986 and 2020 was performed in Pubmed, Science Citation Index Expanded, EMBASE and Scopus. The search terms used were “craniopharyngioma, hypothalamus, pituitary obesity, irradiation, neurosurgery”.

scholarly journals Echocardiography with Elevated Central Venous Pressure Diagnosing Constrictive Pericarditis More Accurately Than Chest CT Scan: A Retrospective Study in 36 Cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Liwen Bao ◽  
Jiechun Huang ◽  
Fangrui Wang ◽  
Liewen Pang ◽  
Yiqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Central Venous Pressure ◽  
Constrictive Pericarditis ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Time To Diagnosis

Background: Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is defined as impaired diastolic cardiac function caused by a calcified and thickened pericardium. We assessed the clinical characteristics and time to diagnosis, as well as patient prognosis after pericardiectomy. Methods: We analyzed the records of 36 CP patients who underwent pericardiectomy at Huashan Hospital, China, between 2012 and 2015. Clinical manifestations, length of time to diagnosis, laboratory parameters, and diagnostic imaging results were examined. All patients underwent pericardiectomy, and were assessed post-operatively for quality of life and improvement of cardiac function using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Results: All patients displayed shortness of breath and polyserous effusion, as well as elevated pro B-type natriuretic peptide and thickened pericardium. Mean time between onset of symptoms and a definitive diagnosis of CP was 9.5 ± 2.1 months. Pericardiectomy was performed within one week of diagnosis. Mean central venous pressure decreased from a pre-operative 19.92 ± 6.6 mmHg to a post-operative 8.5 ± 2.7 mmHg. Within 1.5 ± 0.7 years of surgery, all patients maintained good quality of life and cardiac function, which resulted in a mean score of 0.9 ± 0.6 on the MLHFQ. Conclusion: A definitive diagnosis of CP is usually made long after the onset of symptoms. Early detection and diagnosis by echocardiography with elevated central venous pressure and early treatment by surgery are key to an improved prognosis and resumption of good cardiac function.

scholarly journals Frequency of low-grade adverse events and quality of life during chemotherapy determine patients’ judgement about treatment in advanced-stage thoracic cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 3563-3572
Author(s):  
Mark de Mol ◽  
Sabine Visser ◽  
Brenda L. den Oudsten ◽  
Paul Lodder ◽  
Nico van Walree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Thoracic Cancer
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