Role of HbA1c and duration of diabetes in predicting mortality in patients of diabetic ketoacidosis in type II diabetes mellitus

Background: Previous studies have reported the presence of diabetes ketoacidosis in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). India reported that up to 30% of hospitalized DKA cases result in inpatient death. Aims and objectives of the study was to study the role of HbA1c and duration of diabetes in outcome of patients of diabetic ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: Hundred T2DM patients having DKA admitted in the Department of Medicine, Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, were included. Data on demography (age, sex and diabetes duration, random blood sugar (RBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were recorded for each patients. Outcome was also recorded and compared with duration of diabetes and HbA1c level.Results: DKA was more common in age group of51-55 years (21%) with mean age of 56.10±10.40 years. Male preponderance was observed. Mean duration of diabetes, hemoglobin, random blood sugar (RBS) and HbA1c were 7.28±3.81 years, 9.8±1.42 gm%, 351.72±22.32 mg/dl, and 7.14±0.10 respectively. Mortality was higher among the patients with longer duration of diabetes (23.1%; p=0.012) and higher HbA1c (25%, p>0.05).Conclusions: Duration of diabetes play a significant role in deciding mortality in T2DM patients with DKA however HbA1c has no role in that.

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The Effect of Leg Exercise on Changes in Blood Sugar Levels in the Elderly Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus at the Ciracas District Health Center

Journal of Ageing And Family ◽

10.52643/joaf.v1i1.1727 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Akbar Riyanto ◽

Fajar Susanti ◽

Erlin Ifadah ◽

Sugeng Hadisaputra

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Health Center ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

The Elderly ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

District Health ◽

Sugar Levels

AbstractIncreasing prevalence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in developed and developing countries is a health problem. Therefore, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus can be prevented by regular exercise, healthy and regular life. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of foot exercise on changes in blood sugar levels in elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Ciracas District Health Center. This type of research is experimental with one group pre-post test design. The population in this study were 36 elderly people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Ciracas District Health Center. The sample in this study were 18 elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ciracas District Health Center. The sampling technique used was convenience sampling. Methods of data collection using an observation sheet before and after being given foot exercises. The statistical test used in this study is the paired T test. The results showed that there was no change in blood sugar levels before and after doing foot exercises, the statistical test results obtained a p value of 0.870, which means 0.870> 0.05, it can be concluded that there is no significant effect between foot exercise and changes in blood sugar levels in elderly patients. Type II diabetes mellitus at the Ciracas Subdistrict Health Center. The absence of any effect of foot exercises on changes in blood sugar levels in the elderly could be due to incomplete exercise, therefore foot exercise training to change blood sugar levels must be done in the elderly. Keywords : Foot exercise, Blood Sugar Levels, DM type 2

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Family's Ability to Take Care The Patient of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Tasikmalaya

Media Keperawatan Indonesia ◽

10.26714/mki.3.3.2020.150-158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 150

Author(s):

Bayu Brahmantia ◽

Miftahul Falah ◽

Lilis Lismayanti ◽

Vina Erviana

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Health Education ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Metabolic Disorder ◽

Sampling Method ◽

The Family

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder disease characterized by a rise of blood sugar due to a decrease of insulin by the pancreas. The role of the family in caring for the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus is crucial in treatment. this study was aimed to know the ability of family in caring. a purposive sampling method was applied in this research. a total of 31 respondents were selected. the results showed that the majority of family's ability to recognize as a problem was good with 16 people ( 51,6 % ), in taking decisions for treatment was positive as much as 19 people (61.3%), in treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients were positive 25 people (80,6%), in modifying the environment for Treatment was negative 18 people (58.1%). therefore, Health education for the family related to modifying the environment for treatment was required to recover the patient.

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Clinical evaluation of an Ayurvedic Formulation in the management of Avaranajanya Madhumeha (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus)

Dev Sanskriti Interdisciplinary International Journal ◽

10.36018/dsiij.v1i.10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 50-64

Author(s):

DEVASHISH BHARDWAJ ◽

VEENIT K. AGNIHOTRI ◽

PRANAV PANDYA

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type Ii ◽

Research Plan ◽

Urine Sugar ◽

Diabetes Patients

A research plan has been developed in the present study to address the problems associated with Avaranajanya Madhumeha (type 2 diabetes). This research plan is based on the treatment methods of Ayurveda (ancient Indian medicine) and utilization of modern scientific methods as research tools. A specific ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation has been prepared in Ghansatt (solid extract) form; the selected eight herbs and one herbo-mineral have anti-hyperglycemic (PRAMEHA HARA) and antihypercholestermic (MEDOHARA) properties with rejuvenative (RASAYANA) effects as described in classical ayurvedic methods. 15 diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus patients were selected through accidental sampling. Ayurvedic formulation was prescribed to type II diabetes patients for one year along with dietary restrictions. Diabetic diagnostic parameters of these patients like Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Post Patrum Blood Sugar (PPBS), Glycocylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) and Urine Sugar Fasting were monitored every three months; these were measured before and after intervention. The obtained data were statistically analyzed through paired t-test. There was significant reduction in FBS level, PPBS level, HbA1C level and urine fasting sugar level in type 2 diabetes patients who completed the clinical trial successfully. Thus, ayurvedic formulation treatment lead to an overall significant reduction in blood sugar and urine sugar levels in type II diabetes patients. No side effects were noted during the study period. This study suggests that the ayurvedic formulation had very good hypoglycemic effects proved by clinical improvement and bio-chemical analysis of diabetes parameters in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.

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Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among People Attending Medical Camp in a Community Hospital

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.4953 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (225) ◽

Author(s):

Anu Kushwaha ◽

Anuj Raj Kadel

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽

Blood Sugar Level ◽

Community Hospital ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽

Random Blood Sugar

Introduction: Diabetes is a health problem on the rise in developing countries like Nepal. Oftenin the suburban and rural areas, patients are diagnosed in the late stages with complications. Theaim of this study is to find out the prevalence of diabetes type 2 in a community hospital of Nepal. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done in a community hospital from January toMarch of 2019 after ethical clearance (Registration number: 150320192) from the institutional reviewcommittee of Kathmandu Medical College. Convenient sampling technique was used. Glucometerusing glucose sticks is used to measure random blood sugar level and relevant questions were askedin a short interview. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20version. Results: Out of a total of 114 people, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 5 (4.38%). Amongthose 5 (4.385%) people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 2 (1.75%) were female and 3 (2.63%) were male.The minimum age of the patient was 17 years and the maximum age was 92 years. Five out of 95patients with mild physical activity had random blood sugar more than 200 mg/dl and five out of46 alcoholic patients had random blood sugar levels more than 200 mg/dl. Only 1 out of 26 smokershad a random blood sugar level of more than 200 mg/dl. Conclusions: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 in our study population is quite high. Earlydetection of diabetes mellitus type 2 can be a good screening tool for early treatment and preventionof complications.

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ROLE OF HS-CRP AND IRISIN IN OBESITY AND TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS

10.36106/gjra/0304232 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 46-47

Author(s):

Pankaj Kambale ◽

Sandip Lambe ◽

Kanchan Lambe

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Type Ii ◽

Hs Crp

Background: Overweight and type of II diabetes is emerging as important disease and the prevalence of these diseases is also increasing signicantly. Studies had proposed that irisin is having a role to play in pathophysiology of obesity and other metabolic diseases. The patients who are having type 2 diabetes are found to have higher irisin levels. The study on the association of irisin and hs-CRP with obesity and type 2 diabetes is increasing. Aim: The aim of the present study is to identify the role of irisin and HS-CRP in obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: This was a community based cross-sectional study which is conducted on the medical OPD visitors of a tertiary care centre. For conducting this study 50 participants ageing between 10-50 years were selected and both male and female participants were included in this research study. In this study 25 patients belong to the case group and 25 patients were of the control group. Results: In the present study the mean of the HS-CRP was found to be 1.45±0.56 for case group and for the control group it was found to be 0.83±0.49. In the present study the mean irisin value for the case group was found to be 8.27±3.21 and for the control group it was found to be 7.47±2.54. Conclusion: In the current study it was found that the hs-CRP and the irisin level of the patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity are higher as compared with the normal individuals. It can be said that both the hs-CRP and the irisin level are positively associated with the obesity and type II diabetes mellitus.

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Complementary treatment to reduce blood sugar levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/ijphs.v9i3.20434 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 267

Author(s):

Jujuk Proboningsih ◽

Anita Joeliantina ◽

Aida Novitasari ◽

Dewi Purnamawati

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Medical Treatment ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Control Group ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Random Blood Sugar ◽

Sugar Levels

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires long-term management. There is a tendency in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients to use herbs as a complement to medical treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of herbs as a complement to medical treatment in reducing blood sugar levels of T2DM patients. This type of research is quasi-experimental, with 40 research subjects divided into 4 groups. Determination of research subjects by purposive sampling in accordance with established inclusion criteria. Data analysis using paired T test. The majority of respondents was women (77.5%) and had no genetic history (75%). The duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus majority was >5 years 72.5%). Data on random blood sugar levels before (p=0.098) and after (p=0.113) intervention were normally distributed and homogeneous p>0.05 (0.839). The treatment group (groups 2, 3, and 4) showed a significant decrease in random blood sugar levels as the control group (1) with a significance value <0.05. Giving herbs has a tendency to reduce random blood sugar levels when used as a complement to medical treatment. Bitter melon shows the effect of decreasing random blood sugar levels greater than the provision of bay leaves and cinnamon.<br /><br />

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Study of prevalence and determinants of peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

MedPulse International Journal of Physiology ◽

10.26611/1031832 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 10-14

Author(s):

S Bethiun ◽

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Peripheral Neuropathy ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Fasting Blood Sugar ◽

Age Group ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

History Of

Background: India is witnessing a depressing situation due to escalating incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its inevitable outcomes of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. Present study was aimed to investigate peripheral neuropathy in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: Present study was hospital based, prospective, observational study conducted in subjects recruited from the diabetes OPD of both gender ≥ 30 years, known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The screening for DPN was conducted using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). Results: In present study, 256 subjects satisfying study criteria were considered for study. Most of patients were from 51-65 years age group (39.8%) followed by 31-50 years age group (37.1%). Male subjects (54.3%) were more than females (45.7%). Mean duration of type 2 diabetes mellites was 10.6 ± 6.3 years. Mean HbA1c was 9.3 ± 2.8% and 65.6% had HbA1c≥7%. Common high risk factors were hypertension (52.3%), alcoholic > 60 mg/day (30.5%), BMI > 30kg/m2 (26.6%), smoking habits >1 pack/day (18.0 %), history of peripheral artery disease (12.5 %) and history of prior ulcer (12.1%). Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus in present study was 35.2%, calculated as per reduced perception/absent monofilament test. Vibration perception test was absent in 22.7 % subjects and ankle reflex was absent in 13.3 % subjects. Age, duration of diabetes, fasting blood sugar, BMI, HbA1c ≥ 7 % and alcoholic (> 60 mg/day) were statistically significant in subjects of type 2 diabetes mellitus with peripheral neuropathy and difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy was significantly and positively associated with age, duration of diabetes, fasting blood sugar, BMI, HbA1c ≥ 7 % and alcoholic (> 60 mg/day). Regular screening of patients with diabetes mellitus for peripheral neuropathy may be recommended for early diagnosis and treatment.

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Prevalence and clinical predictors of silent myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at Puducherry, India

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam2012929 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

K. Shaik Anwar Hussain

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Myocardial Ischemia ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Previous History ◽

Silent Myocardial Ischemia ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Factors Associated

Background: Silent MI is common among diabetics due to autonomic dysfunction and loss of pain alert mechanism. There are various risk factors associated with silent MI in diabetes which needs screening earlier to prevent unanticipated cardiovascular mortality. The objective of the present investigation was to study the prevalence and clinical factors associated with silent myocardial ischemia as diagnosed by TMT among type 2 diabetics who had no previous history or symptoms of cardio-vascular disease.Methods: A total of 200 type 2 diabetes affected subjects with duration of diabetes for at least 6 months, above 18 years of age, attending to the diabetology OPD, during the time period June 2017 to May 2018 were included in the study. Blood investigations and TMT were done for all the participants and documented in a proforma.Results: Silent MI was documented by using TMT in 36.5% (n=73) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The factors like age (59.1±16.3 years), duration of diabetes (8.2±2.6 years), obesity (BMI=29.6±4.7 kg/m2), Glycated haemoglobin (9.7±2.8 %), lipid levels and post-prandial blood sugar levels (236±11.8 mg/dl) associated well with silent MI as predicted by TMT. Fasting blood sugar did not show significant association with Silent MI.Conclusions: The prevalence of silent MI was higher among the type 2 diabetic individuals compared to non-diabetics. Age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c levels, BMI, dyslipidemia and post prandial blood glucose levels were associated significantly with incidence of silent MI in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Clinical and psychopathological features of patients with type II diabetes mellitus

Journal of Education, Health and Sport ◽

10.12775/jehs.2021.11.11.016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 182-187

Author(s):

A. Kondratenko

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Emotional Disorders ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Visual Modality ◽

Type Ii ◽

Duration Of Diabetes

Today, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered to be the most important nosological cause of decreased cognitive functions. A number of studies have found that hyperglycemia and duration of diabetes are associated with cognitive deficits, with the prevalence of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus being 20% in men and 18% in women over 60 years of age. To achieve this goal, it was conducted a comprehensive clinical-psychopathological and psychodiagnostic examination of 82 patients with moderate type 2 diabetes mellitus (46 women and 36 men) aged 35.9±10.1 years in accordance with the principles of bioethics and deontology. The mean duration of diabetes was 7.9±5.2 years. The severity of diabetes in most cases was defined as moderate (84.1%), and in 15.9% of cases corresponded to severe. 30.2% of patients used insulin as a basic hypoglycemic therapy, 69.8% - tablets. According to the analysis of the emotional state of patients with T2DM were characterized by complaints of low, depressed mood (69.5% of examined patients), uncontrolled emotional reactions (46.2%), feelings of anxiety, constant internal tension (44.7%), paresthesias (29.1%), sleep-wake cycle disorders (56.2%), general weakness, lethargy and fatigue (58.2%), fatigue (90.0%), frequent mood swings, with a predominance of decreased mood background (23.3%), emotional lability with excessive vulnerability and sensitivity (16.6%), irritability (16.6%). The clinical and psychopathological structure of emotional disorders is represented by anxious (43.4%), depressive (26.6%), astheno-hypochondriac (19.8%), hysteroform (10.2%) syndromes. Clinical examination of patients with DM showed that more often (in 95.0% of cases) in patients with T2DM there is a decrease in memory of auditory and visual modality, impaired intellectual abilities, slow thinking, lack of attention and information processing.

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