scholarly journals Human cytomegalovirus infection, viraemia and retinitis among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kano, North-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2191
Author(s):  
Chinagozi P. Edwin ◽  
Sadiq Hassan ◽  
Philips I. Ebisike ◽  
Saudat G. Habib ◽  
Taiwo G. Amole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Hcmv Infection ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients. HCMV viraemia is an active infection marker and prelude to end-organ diseases (EODs), such as retinitis. The aim of the study was to assess the burden and associated factors of HCMV infection, viraemia and retinitis among HIV-infected patients in Nigeria.Methods: Comparative cross-sectional study of 160 HIV-infected adults, comprising 80 participants in each of <100/mm3 and ≥100 cells/mm3 CD4+ cell count groups, who attended HIV clinic at a tertiary hospital located in a major Nigerian city.  A questionnaire was used to collect data from eligible consenting participants and their case files. Sera from all participants were tested for anti-HCMV IgG using ELISA method, and plasma of seropositive participants were subjected to PCR for HCMV viraemia. Participants whose samples were HCMV viraemic were examined for HCMV retinitis using indirect ophthalmoscopy. Data was analyzed using Minitab vs 14.1.1PP.Results: All 160 participants tested positive for anti-HCMV IgG. HCMV viraemia was 14.4% (23 of 160) generally, but comparatively more among <100 CD4 cells/mm3 group (18.8%; 15 of 80) than in ≥100 cells/mm3 patient group (10%; 8 of 80). Only HCMV viraemic patients in <100 CD4 cells/mm3 group (20%; 3 of 15) were diagnosed with HCMV retinitis. WHO stage was associated with HCMV viraemia (χ2= 7.79, p=0.05) and HCMV retinitis (χ2= 4.60, p=0.03). The only predictor of HCMV retinitis was WHO staging I and II [aOR = 0.04, 95%CI (0.01- 0.52)].  Conclusions: Evidence of previous and active HCMV infection is prevalent among PLWHA in Nigeria with WHO staging being associated and a predictor of HCMV viraemia and retinitis, respectively.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in HIV-Infected Patients in Rome, Italy during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Francesca Lombardi ◽  
Rosalba Ricci ◽  
Simone Belmonti ◽  
Massimiliano Fabbiani ◽  
Alberto Borghetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background: this study aimed to determine the proportion of people living with HIV (PLWH) with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in a large sample from a single HIV referral center in Rome, Italy; the time-frame included both the first and the second wave of the Italian COVID-19 pandemic; Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study on stored cryopreserved samples from 1 March 2020 to 30 November 2020. Total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were preliminarily tested using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Positive results were re-tested with an ELISA assay as an IgG confirmatory test; Results: overall, 1389 samples were analyzed from 1106 PLWH: 69% males, median age 53 years, 94% on antiretroviral treatment, 93% with HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, median CD4 cell count 610 cell/µL. Our analysis revealed a total of n = 8 patients who tested IgG positive during the study period. Seroprevalence was equal to 0% in the first months (March–June); this started to increase in July and reached a maximum rate of 1.59% in October 2020. The overall seroprevalence was 0.72% (8/1106, 95% CI 0.37–1.42). Conclusion: our findings from this setting show a low IgG SARS-CoV-2 prevalence among PLWH as compared to data available from the general population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Unrecognized Depression and Associated Factors Among Newly Diagnosed People Living with HIV/AIDS in West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia 2019, Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takele Kejela Tiki ◽  
Teferra Likassa Tusa ◽  
Esayas Tadesse ◽  
Mulugeta Gobena
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background: Clinical depression has been associated with various chronic disease conditions. The chronic course of HIV, fostered by the use of antiretroviral therapy in infected patients, puts them at risk of developing clinical depression which unfortunately, is often undiagnosed and therefore untreated. This study aimed to assess Prevalence of unrecognized depression and associated factors among newly diagnosed people living with HIV/AIDS in west shoa zone, oromia regional state, central Ethiopia. Method: Institutional-based cross-sectional study was implemented in 2019. A total of 429 newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients who had regular visit at selected public health facilities in west shoa zone, oromia regional state, central Ethiopia were included in the study. Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. Patient Health Questionnaire item nine (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms. In addition to this, HIV perceived stress scale was used to assess HIV-related perceived stress. Result: A total of 429 study participants were included in the study, giving a response rate of 100%. The mean age of the respondents was 37 years (SD ± 10.04). This study revealed that 47.3% of HIV-positive patients had depression. Patients who had opportunity infection [AOR = 2.15, (95% CI 1.41, 3.29)], HIV-related perceived stress [AOR = 2.23, (95% CI 1.44, 3.46)] and CD4 cell count < 200 [AOR = 1.94, (95% CI 1.25, 3.02)] were more likely to have depression as compared to individuals who had no opportunity infection, no perceived HIV stress and CD4 cell count > 200, respectively.Conclusion and recommendation: Having HIV-related perceived stress and opportunity infection of participant had statistically significant association with undiagnosed depressive. Training of health workers in ART clinics and availing manuals on assessing mental health issues is useful to screen and treat depression among HIV patients.

scholarly journals Social Support Network among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameneh Setareh Forouzan ◽  
Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari ◽  
Homeira Sajjadi ◽  
Yahya Salimi ◽  
Masoumeh Dejman
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Support Network ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Social Support Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

This study considers social network interactions as a potential source of support for individuals living with HIV/AIDS in Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 224 people with HIV/AIDS who refer to behavioral counseling centers. Participants were randomly selected among all people with HIV/AIDS from these centers. Relatives were more reported as sources of support than nonrelatives. They were closer to participants, but there was difference between the closest type among relative and nonrelative supporters(P=0.01). Mean of functional support with considering the attainable range 0–384 was low(126.74  (SD=76.97)). Social support of participants has been found to be associated with CD4 cell count(P=0.000), sex(P=0.049), and network size(P=0.000)after adjusted for other variables in the final model. Totally, in this study, many of participants had the static social support network that contained large proportions of family and relatives. The findings contribute to the evidence for promotion of knowledge about social support network and social support of people living with HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals An evaluation of quality of life and its determinants among people living with HIV/AIDS from Southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susane Müller Klug Passos ◽  
Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

This cross-sectional study evaluated the quality of life and its associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS at a regional reference center for the treatment of HIV/AIDS in southern Brazil. WHOQOL-HIV Bref, ASSIST 2.0, HAD Scale, and a questionnaire were used to assess 625 participants on quality of life, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, depression and anxiety. Multivariate analysis was performed through linear regression. The lowest results for quality of life were associated with being female, age (< 47 years), low education levels, low socioeconomic class, unemployment, not having a stable relationship, signs of anxiety and depression, abuse or addiction of psychoactive substances, lack of perceived social support, never taking antiretroviral medication, lipodystrophy, comorbidities, HIV related hospitalizations and a CD4+ cell count less than 350. Psychosocial factors should be included in the physical and clinical evaluation given their strong association with quality of life domains.

scholarly journals THE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WHO CLINICAL STAGE AND OTHER RISK FACTORS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
KETUT SURYANA ◽  
HAMONG SUHARSONO ◽  
NOVIANA JOENPUTRI
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Objective: To estimate the Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) prevalence among the participants/People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) and to verify the association between WHO clinical staging and other risk factors with PTB. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the PTB prevalence. Probable associated risk factors in PLWHAs with and without PTB were compared. The association between WHO clinical staging and other risk factors with PTB was investigated using bivariate analysis. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: This study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2019, recruited about 584 participants with presumptive PTB and 20.72% (121) confirmed with PTB. In the bivariate analysis; participants who are on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Stage 4 (WHO clinical staging) were significantly more likely to develop PTB (p=0.000). PTB was significantly higher among male than female (p=0.000), higher among the older (p=0.030). PTB was significantly more frequent among participants with lower cluster differentiation 4 (CD4) cell counts (p=0.042). A contact history with a Tuberculosis (TB) patient was an important risk factor (p=0.000). PTB was significantly associated with smoking history (p=0.000). Conclusion: A high PTB prevalence was observed. There was a significantly association between the severity of WHO clinical staging, sex, age, lower CD4 cell count, a contact history with a tuberculosis (TB) patient and smoking history with PTB among PLWHAs.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Intervensi Depresi dan Jumlah CD4 pada Orang yang Hidup dengan HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Richal Grace Zefanya Uly ◽  
Untung Sujianto ◽  
Madya Sulisno
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Aids

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome timbul akibat rusaknya sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV). Penderita penyakit  HIV/AIDS semakin meningkat secara signifikan setiap tahunnya. Masalah yang dialami ODHA sangat kompleks salah satunya yaitu depresi. Depresi pada pasien HIV/AIDS disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya yaitu karena jumlah CD4 yang menurun. Tujuan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan systematic review bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih tentang intervensi terhadap depresi dan jumlah CD4 pasien HIV. Metode systematic review dilakukan dengan mencari literatur-literatur yang terkait dengan tema yang diambil. Pencarian literatur diambil dari scient direct, EBSCO, proquest dan google scholar. Kata kunci yang dimasukan dalam pencarian artikel ini antara lain “intervention”, “depression”, “CD4 count patient HIV”. Pencarian literatur dibatasi dari tahun 2014-2020, artikel diseleksi dan didapatkan 18 artikel yang sesuai dengan metode RCT, RCP, quasi experiment dan cross sectional. Hasil artikel yang didapat berasal dari beberapa negara, dari 18 penelitian mayoritas studi dilakukan di negara Indonesia dan dibeberapa negara lainnya, sedangkan intervensi terbanyak yaitu dengan melakukan berbagai macam jenis exercise (yoga, aerobik) dan mindfulness untuk penurunan depresi, sebagiannya dapat meningkatan jumlah CD4 pasien HIV. Kesimpulan tinjauan ini membantu menginformasikan beberapa intervensi yang dapat dilakukan pada ODHA, dapat menghemat biaya dan sederhana untuk dilakukan untuk menurunkan depresi dan meningkatkan jumlah CD4 pada ODHA. Kata kunci: depresi, intervensi, jumlah CD4 pasien HIV EFFECTIVENESS OF  DEPRESSION INTERVENTIONS AND CD4 COUNT  FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV ABSTRACTAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) arises due to damage to the human immune system caused by infection with the Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV). HIV / AIDS sufferers are increasing significantly every year. Problems experienced by people living with HIV are very complex one of which is depression. Depression in HIV / AIDS patients is caused by many factors, one of which is due to a decreased CD4 cell count. Purpose this study uses a systematic review approach aimed at gaining a better understanding of interventions for depression and CD4 counts of HIV patients. Method Systematic review is done by looking for literature related to the theme taken. Literature search was taken from scient direct, EBSCO, proquest and google scholar. Keywords included in the search for this article include "intervention", "depression", "CD4 count patient HIV". Literature search was limited from 2014-2020, articles were selected and 18 articles were found in accordance with the RCT, RCP, quasi experiment and cross sectional methods. Results articles obtained from several countries, from 18 studies the majority of studies conducted in Indonesia and in several other countries, while the most interventions are by doing various types of exercise (yoga, aerobics) and mindfulness to reduce depression, some of which can increase the CD4 count of HIV patients / AIDS. Conclusion this review helps inform some of the interventions that can be carried out in people living with HIV, can save costs and is simple to do to reduce depression and increase CD4 counts in people living with HIV. Keywords: depression, intervention, CD4 cell count of HIV  patients

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms in individuals living with HIV/AIDS

Salud Mental ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Karina Reis ◽  
◽  
Elizabete Santos Melo ◽  
Carolina de Castro Castrighini ◽  
Marli Terezinha Gimeniz Galvão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction. Symptoms of depression are highly prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil and in other countries. This situation points to the need for proper diagnosis and timely treatment by the health team. Objective. To identify the prevalence of depressive symptoms and its association with sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral disorders among PLWHA. Method. This cross-sectional study analyzed 331 people living with HIV/AIDS in the city of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess depressive symptoms. To identify predictors of depression, a multiple regression model was used, with a 95% confidence interval. Results. Of the participants, 167 (50.5%) were men, with an average age of 40. Depressive symptoms were prevalent in 42.3% and the factors associated with depression were being employed, age, and immunological status. Being employed was 1.8 times more likely (95% CI [1.0, 2.8]) to develop depressive symptoms than those who were not employed. The odds ratio of individuals under the age of 40 indicates they were 1.8 times more likely (95% CI [1.1, 2.8]) to have depressive symptoms than those over 40 years old. In regard to clinical aspects, individuals with 200 CD4 cells per mm3 are 2.1 times (95% CI [1.1, 3.9]) more likely to develop depression. Discussion and conclusion. We conclude that the prevalence of depressive symptoms among people living with HIV/AIDS was 42.3% and it was associated with being employed, age and CD4 + cell count.

Prevalence of COVID-19-like Symptoms among People Living with HIV, and Using Antiretroviral Therapy for Prevention and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi ◽  
Maryam Ghadimi ◽  
Mahboubeh Hajiabdolbaghi ◽  
Mehrnaz Rasoolinejad ◽  
Ladan Abbasian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: COVID-19 has spread globally with remarkable speed, and currently, there is limited data available exploring any aspect of the intersection between HIV and SARSCoV- 2 co-infection. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of clinical symptoms associated with COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Tehran, Iran. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 200 PLWH were recruited through the positive club via sampling, and completed the symptom-based questionnaire for COVID-19, which was delivered by trained peers. Results: Of 200 participants, respiratory symptoms, including cough, sputum, and shortness of breath, were the most prevalent among participants, but only one person developed symptoms collectively suggested COVID-19 and sought treatments. Conclusions: It appears that existing infection with HIV or receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) might reduce the susceptibility to the infection with SARS-CoV-2 or decrease the severity of the infection acquired. Further research is needed to understand causal mechanisms.

Metabolic Syndrome in HIV-patients in Antiretroviral Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-395
Author(s):  
Daniel Vargas-Pacherrez ◽  
Helma P. Cotrim ◽  
Leonardo Pires ◽  
Vitor Cunha ◽  
Vitor Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among people living with HIV/AIDS varies from 20% to 33%. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in a group of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with HIV-infected patients from a reference center in Bahia, Brazil. We evaluated clinical, socio-demographic and anthropometric data. MS was defined according to the guidelines of International Diabetes Federation. Results: We evaluated 152 patients with mean age of 47.3±11.6 years, 59.2% male. The main comorbidities detected were diabetes (3.3%) hypertriglyceridemia (9.3%) and metabolic syndrome (MS,38.2%). Patients with MS were predominantly women (55.2% vs 31.9%; p=0.005), older [52.1 (10.4) vs 44.3 (11.3); p<0.001], and had overweight (74.1% vs 23.4%; p<0.001). After multivariate analysis MS remained associated with age (OR = 1.076; 95% CI: 1.030 – 1.125), female sex (OR = 2.452; 95% CI: 1.114 – 5.374) and family history of hypertension (OR = 3.678; 95% CI: 1.431 – 9.395). Conclusion: Almost half of the HIV-infected patients in Bahia presents with MS which seems to be driven by classical risk factors.

scholarly journals Symptoms of common mental disorders and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adults living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049824
Author(s):  
Andreas D Haas ◽  
Cordelia Kunzekwenyika ◽  
Stefanie Hossmann ◽  
Josphat Manzero ◽  
Janneke van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

ObjectivesTo examine the proportion of people living with HIV who screen positive for common mental disorders (CMD) and the associations between CMD and self-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).SettingSixteen government-funded health facilities in the rural Bikita district of Zimbabwe.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsHIV-positive non-pregnant adults, aged 18 years or older, who lived in Bikita district and had received ART for at least 6 months.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of participants screening positive for CMD defined as a Shona Symptoms Questionnaire score of 9 or greater. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of participants reporting suicidal ideation, perceptual symptoms and suboptimal ART adherence and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for factors associated with CMD, suicidal ideation, perceptual symptoms and suboptimal ART adherence.ResultsOut of 3480 adults, 18.8% (95% CI 14.8% to 23.7%) screened positive for CMD, 2.7% (95% CI 1.5% to 4.7%) reported suicidal ideations, and 1.5% (95% CI 0.9% to 2.6%) reported perceptual symptoms. Positive CMD screens were more common in women (aPR 1.67, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.35) than in men and were more common in adults aged 40–49 years (aPR 1.47, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.85) or aged 50–59 years (aPR 1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.17) than in those 60 years or older. Positive CMD screen was associated with suboptimal adherence (aPR 1.53; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.70).ConclusionsA substantial proportion of people living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe are affected by CMD. There is a need to integrate mental health services and HIV programmes in rural Zimbabwe.Trial registration numberNCT03704805.

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