scholarly journals Comparative study of pattern of head injury in a rural community hospital and a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4272
Author(s):  
Suhas Patil ◽  
Tanweerul Huda ◽  
Sheel C. Jain ◽  
Bharati Pandya ◽  
Ravinder Narang
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coma Scale ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The objective of the study was to compare clinical patterns of head injuries in reference to the Glasgow coma scale including neurological examination and also to determine morbidity and mortality in head injury patients admitted to a nodal tertiary care hospital and a rural community hospital.Methods: This prospective study was done at the emergency department of Kasturba Hospital attached to Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Sushrut Hospital, Maharashtra on a total of 1000 cases during one-year study duration. The severity of the head injury was analysed using a Glasgow coma scale and outcome in terms of management and death was assessed.Results: Out of 1000 cases with head injuries, 900 cases were admitted in tertiary care hospital and 100 cases in a rural hospital. A significant difference was observed in terms of age group (p=0.01), mode of trauma (p=0.04) and symptoms (p=0.03) among the patients admitted with head injuries in both hospitals. The mortality rate was 1% and 3% in tertiary care and rural hospitals respectively.Conclusions: Head injuries are predominantly affecting the male population and most of them are due to road traffic accidents. Early assistance of medical aid and emergency room care results in good outcomes with minimal deaths. 

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Treatment Outcomes of Head Injury in Bangladesh: Perspective from the Largest Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukriti Das ◽  
Bipin Chaurasia ◽  
Dipankar Ghosh ◽  
Asit Chandra Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Acute Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Economic impact is much worse in developing countries like Bangladesh, as victims are frequently male, productive, and breadwinners of the families. Objectives The objective of our study was to highlight the etiological pattern and distribution of varieties of head injuries in Bangladesh and give recommendations regarding how this problem can be solved or reduce to some extent at least. Methods From January 2017 to December 2019, a total of 14,552 patients presenting with head injury at emergency got admitted in Neurosurgery department of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital and were included in this study. Results The most common age group was 21 to 30 years (36%: 5,239) with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1. Injury was mostly caused by road traffic accident (RTA [58.3%: 8,484]), followed by fall (25%: 3,638) and history of assault (15.3%: 2,226). The common varieties of head injury were: acute extradural hematoma (AEDH [42.30%: 1,987]), skull fracture either linear or depressed (28.86%: 1,347), acute subdural hematoma (ASDH [12.30%: 574]), brain contusion (10.2%: 476), and others (6.04%: 282). Conclusion RTA is the commonest cause of TBI, and among them motor bike accident is the severe most form of TBI. AEDH is the commonest variety of head injuries. Proper steps taken by the Government, vehicle owners, and drivers, and proper referral system and prompt management in the hospital can reduce the mortality and morbidity from TBI in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Most Frequently Affected Body parts in Road Traffic Accidents Reporting to the Accident and Emergency Department of the Largest Tertiary Care hospital of Karachi in 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaeema Ahmer ◽  
Aisha Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction Injuries sustained during Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) amounts to a serious public health crisis. The aim of the study was to determine the body parts most likely affected in an RTA in patients brought to Accident and Emergency (A&E) department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), the largest tertiary care hospital of Karachi. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in January-March 2019 among 371 respondents aged 15-65 years. Study participants were recruited through non-probability convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic variables and type, severity and nature of injury. Chi Square test was used to determine the significant difference between using safety precautions with body parts affected. All analysis was performed on SPSS version 20. Results Out of 371 study participants, 64.4% (n=239) were between 15-35 years with 91.9% (n=338) males. In 77.1% (n=286) cases, emergency medical services responded in less than one hour and first aid was provided by doctor to 95.7% (n=355) at hospital. In 82.5% (n=306) cases, private vehicles were involved, with 46.1% (n=171) motorcycles. In 79.8% (n=296) cases, bone injury was prevalent, with 57.1% (n=212) leg injuries, which was the most frequently affected body part. Majority, 56.2% of the study participants who did not wear seat belts had chest area affected (p=0.006).  Conclusion It is concluded that males of 15-35 years who were motorcyclists were more prone to RTAs with lower limbs more frequently being affected. Safety precautions like wearing seatbelts provide protection against RTAs.  

Profile of head injuries in Road Traffic Accident cases with Ocular trauma in a rural tertiary care hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Sandhya Ramachandra ◽  
Sai sushma Yeturu ◽  
Chandrakant Pujar ◽  
Spoorthy Sagara ◽  
Sameera Nikhil Veerakanellore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital

scholarly journals A prospective cross-sectional study on the cases in a tertiary care hospital about the patterns of head injury caused by falling from heights

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Yuhesh Somasundaram ◽  
Amritha Sulthana ◽  
Shankar Subramanian ◽  
Manoharan Chellasamy
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Fall From Height

One of the most common injuries and death in India are caused by falling from heights. Although a majority of these bereavements are accidental and are due to a slip from higher altitudes like multi storey buildings, trees, construction sites, etc., alcohol consumption also plays a vital role. In such occurrences of death due to falling from heights, head injury is a very common phenomenon and it complicates the investigation procedure for the investigators and the medico legal experts to arrive at a conclusion because these injuries impersonate the injuries sustained from other accident cases like a road accident per say. Due to the absence of eyewitness in most of these cases, a detailed analysis on the pattern and the nature of the injuries is required to arrive at a conclusion. These injuries sustained vary owing to the site of impact and the stature from where the victim had fallen and the critical answer to the medico legal queries lies in a detailed autopsy of the victim’s body and a thorough examination at the scene of occurrence. On the account of a comprehensive study insufficiency in Tamilnadu, a modest attempt was made to analyse the pattern of head injuries sustained on the victims of fall from different heights and is presented as a cross- sectional study.The case study on the fatal incidents of fall from height was recorded and analysed statically in a sampling of one hundred cases which was subjected to detailed autopsy in a tertiary care hospital. In this analysis the nature and pattern of injuries, data regarding the nature of fall, the site of primary impact, period of survival and a detailed examination of head injuries were all noted. The statistical analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2009.From the analysis, it is observed that the maximum number of fall from height cases seemed to be from the age group of 31 years ~40 years (30%) and males contributed to a majority of these cases (90%). Amongst head injury cases, 82% of the cases had intracranial haemorrhage and 10% had facial bone fractures. In the 82% of cases, 76% of cases had both subarachnoid haemorrhage and subdural haemorrhage. Also skull fracture was seen in 40% of the cases and the base of the skull fracture was noted almost equally in 37% of the cases. Injuries to head and cervical spine constituted to the salient features of primary head impacts, SAH alone is rare in such cases.On the account of observation and analysis, it is noted that most of these cases were accidental in nature (93%) and Males (90%) in the age group of 31-40 years were in highest number (30%). Cranial injuries with subarachnoid and subdural haemorrhage seemed to be the most common cause of death amongst victims falling from heights. Also skull fracture were seen in 40% of the cases and base of skull fracture noted almost equally in 37% of the cases. While SAH alone in rare in these cases, injuries to head and cervical spine were the key impacts of primary head impacts.

scholarly journals Scenario of Head Injury Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Subodh Sharma Paudel ◽  
Ritesh Luitel ◽  
Anushruti Bista ◽  
Aashish Baniya ◽  
Dibya Jyoti Panta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coma Scale

Background: The aim of the study is to find out the age and sex distribution, modes of head injury and correlate Glasgow Coma Scale with Computed Tomography in patients with head trauma in our center.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 113 patients of acute head trauma presenting to Emergency department of our hospital for three months. The severity of the head injury was assessed on admission by the Glasgow Coma Scale score and categorized as mild, moderate, or severe head injury. Non contrast head computed tomography was obtained. Results: The mean age of patients studied in this study was 35.53 year in males and 32.1 year in female with male to female ratio being 1.86:1. The most common causes of head injury were road-traffic accident 58 (51%), falls 42 (37%) and physical assault 13 (12%). In our present study, 67 (59.3%) of patients had mild head injury, 27 (23.9%) had moderate head injury and 19(16.8%) had severe head injury. Our study shows presence of multiple lesions with depressed bone fracture of skull bone was associated with lower Glasgow Coma Scale. Significant association between Glasgow Coma Scale and computed tomography finding was seen (p<0.001). Conclusions: Glasgow Coma Scale is strongly associated with computed tomography in patients with head injury. Road traffic accident is the commonest mode of injury. Most present with mild head injury.Keywords: Computed tomography; Glasgow coma scale; head injury

Clinicoepidemiologic Profile of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Experience of a Tertiary Care Hospital From Northern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (14) ◽  
pp. 970-974
Author(s):  
Priyanka Madaan ◽  
Deepak Agrawal ◽  
Deepak Gupta ◽  
Atin Kumar ◽  
Prashant Jauhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Accidental Falls ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Coma Scale

Traumatic brain injury is an important cause of acquired brain injury. The current study brings to light the clinicoepidemiologic profile of pediatric traumatic brain injury in India. Retrospective record analysis of children (aged ≤ 16 years) with traumatic brain injury presenting to an apex-trauma-center in North India over 4 years was done. Of more than 15 000 patients with a suspected head injury, 4833 were children ≤16 years old. Of these, 1074 were admitted to the inpatient department; 65% were boys with a mean age at presentation being 6.6 years. Most patients (85%) had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 to 15 at presentation while Glasgow Coma Scale scores of ≤8 was seen in 10% of patients. Neuroimaging (computed tomography [CT]) abnormalities were seen in 12% of patients, with the commonest abnormality being skull fracture, followed by contusions, and extradural hemorrhage. Around 2% of patients required decompressive craniotomy whereas 3% of patients succumbed to their illness. Among the inpatients with pediatric traumatic brain injury, two-thirds were boys with a mean age at presentation of 7.6 years. Severity of traumatic brain injury varied as mild (64%), moderate (11%), and severe (25%). The most common mode of injury was accidental falls (59%) followed by road traffic and rail accidents (34%). Neuroimaging abnormalities were seen in half of inpatients with pediatric traumatic brain injury, with the commonest abnormality being skull fracture. Pediatric head injuries are an important public health problem and constitute a third of all head injuries. They are more common in boys, and the most common modes of injury are accidental falls, followed by road traffic accidents.

Association of Rugae Pattern with Skeletal Malocclusion in Orthodontic Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarwat Memon
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Palatal Rugae ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Background: The palatal rugae are special constructions that are inalterable in their position and pattern during the lifestyles of an individual. This imparts them an exceptional role in the forensic dentistry and may play potential role in malocclusion identification. This study was aimed to see association of rugae pattern with sagittal skeletal malocclusion in orthodontic patients visiting tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional examination was completed on pretreatment records (lateral Cephalometric radiographs and maxillary dental casts) of 384 subjects at the orthodontic department of Ziauddin Dental Hospital, Karachi. The study duration was from January to July 2019. The samples were sub-divided into three sagittal skeletal groups based on ANB angle proposed by Steiner’s on lateral Cephalometric radiographs (Class I with ANB angle between 0° to 4°; Class II: ANB angle greater than 5°; Class III: ANB angle less than 0°). The shapes of three most-anterior primary rugae were then evaluated bilaterally using Kapali et al., Classification. Chi Square test was applied to find association of rugae pattern among sagittal skeletal malocclusions groups. Results: Circular and curved rugae shapes were the most prevalent in all skeletal malocclusions. The primary palatal rugae pattern was seen to be significantly different among three skeletal malocclusion groups (p<0.05). The right and left sided palatal rugae pattern showed significant difference in all three skeletal malocclusion groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed no specific palatal rugae pattern associated with sagittal skeletal malocclusion. Further studies on larger sample and use of modern 3D technologies to scan the maxillary casts are required for results that are more precise.

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