A study of pattern of maxillofacial fractures and its complications

Background: Incidence of maxillofacial fractures is quite high worldwide. A very important aesthetic function is served by maxillofacial skeleton moreover the prominent position of maxillofacial skeleton makes it more susceptible to fracture.Methods: A prospective study was done to assess the main etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures of 60 patients who came to the emergency department of Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical sciences and Research between January 2018 and June 2019.Results: Total number of patients taken for this study were 60. The number of male patients were 56 (93.33%) and number of female patients were 4 (6.66%) and male to female ratio was (14:1). The age range spanned from 11 years to 70 years with (mean age=37.30 years, SD=14.27). Primary etiologic factor for maxillofacial fractures was road traffic accidents (49, 81.66%), followed by fall (8, 13.33%), and assault accounted for (3, 5%). Total 229 fractures were present in 60 patients. Concerning the anatomical site of fractures, it was explored that most common site of fractures is orbit (59, 25.72%) followed by fractures of maxilla (55, 24%) and zygomatic complex (35, 15.28%). Infection was most common complication and was present in 2 (3.33%) of the patients during hospital stay. 21 (35%) of the patients had associated head injury and maximum patients 49 (81.66%) were treated by open reduction and internal fixation.Conclusions: It is concluded, that main etiology of maxillofacial trauma is road side accidents. Therefore, strict compliance of traffic rules can avoid such injuries.

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Maxillofacial Trauma in Central Karnataka, India: An Outcome of 95 Cases in a Regional Trauma Care Centre

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction ◽

10.1055/s-0032-1322536 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 197-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rajay A. D. Kamath ◽

Shiva Bharani ◽

Reshma Hammannavar ◽

Sumit P. Ingle ◽

Ankit G. Shah

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Concomitant Injuries ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Early Return ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Jaw Fractures ◽

Age Range

Materials and Methods A 6-year retrospective analysis of 111 patients treated for maxillofacial fractures in Davangere, Karnataka from January 2004 to December 2009 was performed. Variables like age, gender, occupation, type of fracture and mechanism of injury, concomitant injury, mode of treatment, and complications were recorded and assessed. Results Men between 21 and 30 years were mostly affected (male-to-female ratio = 10:1; age range = 17.60 years; mean 31.7±9.8 [standard deviation]). Most fractures were caused by road traffic accidents (RTAs; 74.7%), followed by interpersonal violence (IPV; 15.8%), falls (4.2%), industrial hazards and animal attacks (2.1% each), and self-inflicted injury (1.1%). Forty-two cases were isolated zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures. The total number of facial fractures documented was 316, of which 222 were purely related to the ZMC; however, 11 were confined only to the midface. Fifty-three cases had concomitant lower jaw fractures, totaling 83. Ophthalmic injuries occurred in 30.52% of cases. Ninety-two cases were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), and three cases were managed conservatively. The complication rate observed was 25.26%. Conclusion RTA continues to be the chief etiological factor in maxillofacial injury with males being affected predominantly. IPV and falls next contribute significantly to the incidence of such injuries. Concomitant injuries, however, require prompt recognition and appropriate management. ORIF still remains the mainstay of treatment; however, fixation devices are constantly being improved upon in an attempt to reduce immobilization time thereby facilitating early return to function with minimal morbidity. Nevertheless, future advances in maxillofacial trauma diagnosis and management are likely to reduce associated morbidity.

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Epidemiological Analysis of Maxillofacial Injuries in Road Traffic Accidents: A Peripheral Hospital Based Study

Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery ◽

10.47210/bjohns.2020.v28i1.20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 10-16

Author(s):

Satadal Mondal ◽

Indranil Sen ◽

Rabi Hembrom ◽

Swagato Roy ◽

Rupam Sinha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Common Type ◽

Medical College Hospital ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

College Hospital ◽

Medical College ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures

Introduction The aetiology of maxillofacial fractures is greatly influenced by geographic location, socioeconomic status of the cohort, and the period of investigation. The aim of this study is to analyze and identify characteristics of maxillo-facial fractures that took place in and around Midnapore- Kharagpore city of West Bengal and who presented to a peripheral medical college hospital during a period of 1 year. Materials and Methods A detailed database analysis was performed based on data collected from the patients of Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) with sustained facial trauma admitted to General Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology ward of a peripheral medical college hospital. Detailed clinical examination as well as radiological data was collected. Results The highest frequency of maxillo-facial injury due to RTA was among the young adults 18-40 years. Most common type of injury encountered is abrasion (44%) followed by bruise and closed fracture. Mandible is the most common bone to get fractured and most common type of Le fort type is Type II. Significant number of patients having RTA were young adults under the influence of alcohol riding in two-wheeler . ConclusionWith the increasing incidence of RTA awareness must be created concerning safety rules and more policies need to be addressed.

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PREVALENCE OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.04.1492 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (04) ◽

pp. 378-382

Author(s):

Tajammal Abbas Shah

Keyword(s):

Blunt Trauma ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Surgical Units ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Study Results ◽

One Year ◽

Surgical Unit

To see the percentage, the different groups affected and pattern of injury by roadtraffic accidents among patients attending a unit of surgery in a teaching hospital. Objectives: Tosee the percentage of trauma among patients admitted in one surgical unit of a tertiary hospitalin one year and to compare this with the patients admitted in all surgical units of same tertiaryunit. To evaluate the pattern of trauma, male to female ratio, affected age groups, mechanismof injury, the organs affected, and the mortality rate in one surgical unit of a tertiary hospital of3rd most populated city of Pakistan during one year. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting:Surgical Unit II at Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Period: January 2009 to February 2010. Materialsand Methods: Patients admitted during this period for road traffic accidents in surgical unit IIof Allied Hospital Faisalabad were 94 (4.8 %) out of total 1956 patients presented and admittedin surgical unit II during this year. Total number of patients admitted in all surgical units of thishospital were 7388 while 21,400, patients received and admitted by all other specialties throughemergency units of Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Patients with road traffic accidents admitted insurgical unit II through emergency unit of this hospital were part of this study. Among these94 patients 78 patients (82.97%) were adults and 18 children (19.14%). Patients with all otheremergencies modalities and minor injuries treated and discharged from emergency wereexcluded from this study. Results: Out of 1956 patients admitted in Surgical Unit II from total 7388of all surgical admissions and 21400 all emergencies ward patients, 94 patients (4.8%, 1.27%,and 0.439% respectively) were injured by road traffic accidents. Out of these 94 patients, 78patients (82.97%) were adults and 18 children (19.14%) patients. 58 patients (61.70%) were malesand 36 patients (38.29%) were females. 43 patients (45.74%) were pedestrians, 10 patients were(10.63%) on bicycles, 26 patients were (27.65%) on motorcycle while 15 patients (15.95%) werein other vehicles. 52 patients (55.31%) developed head injuries, 10 patients (10.93%) blunt traumaabdomen, 5 patients (5.31%) blunt trauma chest and 26 patients (27.65%) skeletal injuries ( 10patients forearm bones fracture, 6 patients with fracture mid-shaft of tibia, another 5 patients withfracture lower 1/3rd of femur and 5 patients with hand bones fracture ). All patients were treated bycombined specialty trauma surgeons. 3 patients (3.19%) died out of which 2 patients (2.12%) withsevere head trauma and one pedestrian (1.06%) with blunt trauma abdomen and lower chest. Allother patients survived and recovered with some morbidity. Conclusion: Road traffic trauma isone of major dilemma of our society. 94 road traffic accidents causalities were admitted duringone year in one surgical unit of a tertiary care center and 3 patients died. It is an alarming signto properly protect people, educate general population, employ dedicated road safety staff andfollow rules and regulation of traffic authorities.

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The priorities and emergency treatments of multisystem injuries associated with maxillofacial traumas

Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry ◽

10.26477/jbcd.v31i4.2718 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed O. Hasan

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Maxillofacial Injuries ◽

Female Ratio ◽

War Injuries ◽

Surgical Emergencies ◽

Medical City ◽

Surgical Treatments ◽

Age Range ◽

Multiple Traumas

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the care of multiple trauma victims with maxillofacial injuries in terms of epidemiological distributions, types of injuries, the related different modalities of surgical treatments delivered, and their complications. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed on 50 patients with multiple traumas including maxillofacial injuries, caused by different etiological factors, who were brought first to the surgical emergencies department of the Medical City then referred to the Maxillofacial unit in the Specialized Surgeries Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, during the period from April 2007 to April 2008. Information was documented prospectively from the time of the emergency call to discharge (or death). Results: the age range was from 6 to 63 years, with the most frequent age group for injury being ranged between 21-30 years. The male to female ratio was 6:1. The missile injuries accounted for 90% of multiple traumas with maxillofacial injuries, while civilian injuries accounted for 10% of the cases. The mechanisms of injury, concerning war injuries, were gunshot injuries 46% and blast injuries 44%, while concerning civilian injuries: road traffic accidents 8% and stabbing injuries 2%. Among 50 people injured, 3 (6%) died. Conclusion: The priority during initial treatment is the achievement of patent airway, hemostasis, and the maintenance of vital tissues oxygenation.

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OUTCOME OF CEREBRAL CONTUSIONS DUE TO TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Journal of University Medical & Dental College ◽

10.37723/jumdc.v11i1.263 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 39-43

Author(s):

Zubair Ahmed Khan ◽

Habib sultan ◽

Amir Aziz ◽

Shahrukh Rizvi ◽

Tauqeer Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Male And Female ◽

Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽

History Of ◽

Age Range

ABSTRACT:BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of surgically operated vs conservatively treated patients of cerebral contusions due to traumatic brain injury. METHODOLOGY: This comparative study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2014 at the department of Neurosurgery, PGMI Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. A total of 50 patients were included in this study of both gender (male and female) and in the age range of 15-65 years. In our study 20 patients were managed conservatively while other 30 patients were operated for cerebral contusions. The mode of injury in our study was road traﬃc accidents and history of falls. RESULTS: Out of 50 patients, there were 41 (82%) males and 09 (18%) female patients. Their age ranged from 15 - 65 years. In this study the overall mean age is 38.36 years. The maximum numbers of patients were in their third and fourth decades of life. In our study the duration of hospital stay in conservatively managed patients was longer as compared to surgically treated patients who were discharged earlier. Mortality rate in surgically managed patients having a GCS ranged between 09 to 12 was very low contrary to the conservatively managed group, similarly the rate of delayed contusion formation and edema was also low in surgically managed patients as compared to those who were managed conservatively. CONCLUSION: Surgically managed patients of cerebral contusions in traumatic brain injury has better outcome and decreased hospital stay as compared to conservatively managed patients.

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OUTCOME OF DACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMY WITH OR WITHOUT SILICON INTUBATION IN PRIMARY NASOLACRIMAL DUCT OBSTRUCTION

Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat ◽

10.52206/jsmc.2011.1.2.55-59 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 55-59

Author(s):

Haroon Rashid ◽

Faizur Rahman ◽

Abid Naseem ◽

Arshad Iqbal.

Keyword(s):

Nasolacrimal Duct ◽

Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction ◽

Interventional Study ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Duct Obstruction ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Silicon Tube ◽

Complications Rate ◽

Age Range ◽

Male To Female

Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare the outcome of Classical Dacrocystorhinostomy(DCR) alone or with Slicon intubation in patients of primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction.Study design: This is a randomized prospective interventional study performed at Saidu Teaching Hospitalform from 1st January'2006 to 31st December 2006.Material and methods: Diagnosis of nasolacrimal duct obstruction was made on basis of history, clinicalexamination, regurgitation test and syringing of the nasolacrimal passage. Patients were selected byconvenient sampling and were randomized to two groups, for DCR with and without Silicon tube. Silicontube was removed after 4 months of surgery. Patients were followed up to 6 months.Results: Total number of patients was one hundred. Fifty (50%) patients were operated with siliconintubation and 50 (50%) without silicon intubation. Male to female ratio was 1:1.27.Age range was 15 yearsto 80 years. Mean, median and mode ages were 42.54, 47 and 30 years respectively. Eleven patients werelost from the study at various stages and were not included in the results of the study. The complicationsnoted were silicon tube loss in 2 cases, silicon tube displacement in 3 cases and DCR failure in 4 cases.Among the failure, 2 cases belonged to each group with and without silicon intubation.Conclusions: We conclude that the complications rate with and without silicon intubation is the same inprimary nasolacrimal duct obstruction. It is therefore, recommended that silicon intubation may not benecessary in such cases.Key words: DCR, Intubation, NLD Obstruction.

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Epidemiology of Maxillofacial Injuries in “Heratsi” No 1 University Hospital in Yerevan, Armenia: A Retrospective Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-828087/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lusine V. Aleksanyan ◽

Anna Yu Poghosyan ◽

Martin S. Misakyan ◽

Armen M. Minasyan ◽

Aren Yu Bablumyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Nasal Bone ◽

Fracture Site ◽

University Hospital ◽

Maxillofacial Injuries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Injury Site ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of the prevalence, etiologies, and types of maxillofacial injuries (MFI) and sites of maxillofacial fractures (MFF) and their management in Yerevan, Armenia.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. Data including age, sex, date of referral, mode of injury, etiology, radiology records and treatment methods were extracted. Study outcomes were measured using percentages, means, standard deviations and tests of proportions. P <.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 204 patients had a mean age of 36.26 ±1.08 years (156 males and 48 females), and a total of 259 MFIs were recorded between 2017 and 2020. Interpersonal violence (IV) was found to be the most common etiology of MFFs in this study (42.1%), followed by road traffic accidents (RTAs) (27.9%) and falls (18.6%). The nasal bone was the most common injury site (47.5%), followed by the mandible (31.4%) and zygomatic complex (11.7%). The most common fracture site was the mandibular angle (37.9%), followed by the symphysis/parasymphysis (28.1%) and body (12.6%). The majority of MFFs were treated by open reduction and internal fixation.Conclusion: Interpersonal violence, followed by RTAs and falls, was the most common cause of MFIs. The nasal bone was the most common injury site, followed by the mandible and zygomatic complex. Social education with the objective of reducing aggression and interpersonal conflict should be improved, and appropriate RTA prevention strategies should be strengthened and implemented.

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Road Traffic Accident Related Morbidity as Seen in an Accident and Emergency Department

Scottish Medical Journal ◽

10.1177/003693308102600207 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 121-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. J. Galloway ◽

A. R. Patel

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Young Male ◽

Education Programme ◽

Small Sample ◽

Accident And Emergency ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Accident And Emergency Department ◽

Serious Injuries

This paper describes some of the findings of a prospective study of victims of road traffic accidents arriving at the Western Infirmary's Accident and Emergency Department over a period of 12 months. More than half the accidents occurred during leisure hours thus likely to stretch the resources of the hospital services. More than a third of the total number of patients were young male drivers. Serious injuries were significantly more often sustained among pedestrians who were often older. Victims of motor-cycle accidents less often escaped serious injuries. Blood ethanol studies on a small sample suggested that male pedestrians were often highly intoxicated. A public health education programme is regarded as a primary measure in preventing a large proportion of serious morbidity and mortality especially amongst pedestrians.

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