scholarly journals Hepatitis B in children with leukemia: the role of primary immunization

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1281
Author(s):  
P. K. Aslam ◽  
A. Riyaz ◽  
V. T. Ajith Kumar ◽  
M. G. Geeta
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Children with cancer have a greatly enhanced risk of contracting hepatitis B infection due to immunosuppression secondary to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, frequent blood transfusions, bone and peripheral vein punctures, tissue damage and mucositis. During the past 3 decades, multimodality therapy for childhood leukemia has resulted in markedly improved survival. Inspite of screening and immuno prophylaxis, hepatitis B infection rates in children with leukemia are high. In view of this, we decided to study the prevalence of hepatitis B among children with leukemia in our institution, and the possible risk factors.Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out at a tertiary pediatric care center in North Kerala among 104 children between 1 and 12 years of age on treatment for leukemia.Results: Among the 104 children, only 17 (16.3%) had received primary immunization against hepatitis B. Of the 87 children who had not received primary immunization, 44.8% (n=39) developed hepatitis B, compared to 11.8% (n=2) in the vaccinated group (p=0.01).Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of primary immunization against hepatitis B in children with leukemia, and the need for universal coverage.

scholarly journals Risk perception and knowledge of hepatitis B infection among cleaners in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumide Abiodun ◽  
Olusola Shobowale ◽  
Charles Elikwu ◽  
Daniel Ogbaro ◽  
Adebola Omotosho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B infection markers in Lebanese children: the need for an expanded programme on immunization

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. NABULSI ◽  
G. F. ARAJ ◽  
I. NUWAYHID ◽  
M. RAMADAN ◽  
M. ARISS
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Lebanon ◽  
Infection Markers

This multi-centre, cross-sectional study was designed to reveal the present status of hepatitis B infection markers among Lebanese children, and provide recommendations regarding childhood immunization policies. A total of 841 children, aged between 6 months and 6·5 years, were enrolled from Lebanon's five districts. Their sera were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core IgG. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection markers was 0·8 % with increasing age-specific rates from 0 % at 6 months to 1·3 % at > 5 years. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of hepatitis B markers and family characteristics or risk factors for infection. The highest prevalence rates were among children from Beirut suburbs (2·9 %) and South Lebanon (1·6 %). The risk of horizontal transmission of hepatitis B to uninfected children increased substantially after the age of 2 years. An expanded programme on immunization that integrates hepatitis B vaccine during the first year of life is needed.

scholarly journals Perception and Practices relating to Hepatitis B Infection among In-school Adolescents in Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Titilayo Olaoye ◽  
Catherine Agbede ◽  
Fredrick Oshiname
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Multi Stage

Objective: This study examined the perception and practices relating to Hepatitis B infection among In-school adolescents in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods:  A cross-sectional study of 300 in-school adolescents selected by a multi-stage sampling method. Data were elicited using a pretested self-administered questionnaire which included questions relating to respondents' risky practices, and a 35-point Hepatitis B perception scale. Descriptive statistics, as well as Chi-square statistics, were generated using IBM SPSS Version 23, and the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 14.31 ± 1.73years and slightly over half (51.7%) were females. Less than half (45%) of the adolescents perceived themselves to be susceptible to Hepatitis B infection, while 31% perceived Hepatitis B infection to be a serious disease. Almost half (49%) of the adolescents had unfavorable perceptions. The most common risky practices among the respondents were sharing skin-piercing instruments with their family members (79%) and friends (68.7%). There are significant associations between sex (gender) and risky practices such as the practices of unsafe sex (X2= 9.11; p=0.10); having multiple sexual partners (X2= 12.08; p =0.02); and sharing skin-piercing instruments (X2= 5.52; p=0.01) with more males reporting the above practices than females. Conclusion/Recommendation: To minimize the identified risky practices and unfavorable perception, educational intervention programs aimed at promoting Hepatitis B virus preventive behaviors and increasing the level of perception of vulnerability and seriousness of HBV infection among in-school adolescents should be conducted.

scholarly journals Liver Fibrosis and Hepatitis B Coinfection among ART Naïve HIV-Infected Patients at a Tertiary Level Hospital in Northwestern Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semvua B. Kilonzo ◽  
Daniel W. Gunda ◽  
Flora Kashasha ◽  
Bonaventura C. Mpondo
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northwestern Tanzania ◽  
Increased Risk

Background. Liver fibrosis which is a common complication of chronic hepatitis B infection is rarely diagnosed in low-resource countries due to limited capacity to perform biopsy studies. Data on the utilization of noninvasive techniques which are feasible for diagnosis of liver fibrosis in these settings among HIV-infected patients is scarce. The objective of this study was to establish the magnitude of liver fibrosis by using both aspartate-aminotransferase-to-platelets ratio and fibrosis-4 scores with associated hepatitis B coinfection among antiretroviral therapy naïve HIV-infected patients. Methods. We reviewed data of 743 adult patients attending HIV clinic with available hepatitis B surface antigen test results. Baseline clinical information was recorded and aspartate-aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio and fibrosis-4 scores were calculated. The cut-off values of 1.5 and 3.25 were used for diagnosis of significant fibrosis by aspartate-aminotransferase-to-platelets ratio and fibrosis-4 scores, respectively. Results. The prevalence of liver fibrosis was 3.5% when aspartate-aminotransferase-to-platelet score was used and 4.6% with fibrosis-4 score and they were both significantly higher among patients with hepatitis B coinfection. Younger patients with HIV advanced disease and elevated liver transaminases had increased risk of having hepatitis B coinfection. Conclusion. A remarkable number of HIV-infected patients present with liver fibrosis, predominantly those with hepatitis B infection.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B serologic patterns in children of HBV carriers or infected mothers

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Julfina Bisanto ◽  
Imral Chair ◽  
Dyah Istikowati
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Vertical transmission is usually the cause of increas-ing carrier rates for hepatitis B infection, especially in highly en-demic areas.Objective To determine the serologic patterns of hepatitis B inchildren of HBV carrier/infected mothers.Methods This was a cross sectional study on children of HBVcarrier/infected mothers. Subjects were recruited consecutively andexamined at the Department of Child Health, Cipto MangunkusumoHospital during January–July 2003. Children were included if theywere generally healthy and their parents gave permission. Chil-dren with chronic illness, previous blood transfusions, or drug abusewere excluded.Results Fifty-nine children of 32 HBV carrier/infected mothers wererecruited. HBsAg was positive in 8 children, anti-HBs in 37, andanti-HBc in 4 children. Seventy-three percent of children had beenvaccinated against HBV but only 81% had positive anti-HBs. Ofeighteen children who received hepatitis B vaccine and HBIg atbirth, none was infected. Six out of 25 children who received onlyhepatitis B vaccine were infected.Conclusion HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc were positive in 14%,36%, and 7% of children of HBV carrier/infected mothers, respec-tively

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