scholarly journals Severe thermal injury of larynx in a child following accidental ingestion of hot tea

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2730
Author(s):  
Bendangienla Jamir ◽  
Senthil Kumar S. P. ◽  
Md Nawed Azam ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Pupun Patnayak
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Laryngeal Edema ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Upper Gi Endoscopy ◽  
Flat Lesions

Thermal injury to the upper respiratory tract caused by aspiration of hot liquids resulting in laryngeal edema and subsequent obstruction of the airway is commonly not seen in the pediatric population. Unlike adults, children are more prone for subglottic injury, swelling and resulting obstruction of the airway due to the smaller size of the trachea and relatively large epiglottis. Examination of the airway with laryngoscopy hence should be recommended in all patients with inhalational and aspiration burn injury as it will help in guiding airway management and preventing development of complications. Authors report a case of a 3-year-old male child with accidental ingestion of just made hot tea. Upon presentation there was severe stridor and signs of respiratory distress requiring emergency intubation. Direct laryngoscopy revealed glottic edema and ulcer. Upper GI endoscopy showed erythematous arytenoids, esophagus and stomach showing few erythematous flat lesions. Chest radiographic examination showed bilateral para cardiac and perihilar inhomogeneous opacities suggestive of aspiration pneumonitis. The child was gradually weaned and extubated on day three of admission. Ingestion of hot liquids can cause airway and esophageal thermal burns. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential in management of inhalational and aspiration burn injury to reduce the morbidity, mortality and long-term sequelae in these patients. Children are more prone for burn accidents due to their curious and exploratory behavior and their inability to perceive the hazards. Since most of the pediatric burn accidents happen at home, parents should be offered education about prevention of burn and advised on how to manage and treat minor burn injuries and to watch for any warning signs in which case to rush to the nearest hospital.

scholarly journals Spectrum of Upper GI Endoscopy in Pediatric Population at a Tertiary Care Centre in Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rehan Khan ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed ◽  
Syed Rehan Ali ◽  
Prem Kumar Maheshwari ◽  
Muhammad Saad Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Gi Endoscopy ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Upper Gi Endoscopy

Electronic Cigarette-Related Injuries Presenting to Five Large Burn Centers, 2015-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen E Flores ◽  
Paul J Chestovich ◽  
Syed Saquib ◽  
Joseph Carroll ◽  
Mariam Al-Hamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Burn Centers ◽  
Thermal Injuries

Abstract Electronic cigarettes are advertised as safer alternatives to traditional cigarettes yet cause serious injury. US burn centers have witnessed a rise in both inpatient and outpatient visits to treat thermal injuries related to their use. A multicenter retrospective chart review of American Burn Association burn registry data from 5 large burn centers was performed from January 2015 to July 2019 to identify patients with electronic cigarette-related injuries. A total of 127 patients were identified. Most sustained less than 10% total body surface area burns (mean 3.8%). Sixty-six percent sustained 2nd degree burns. Most patients (78%) were injured while using their device. Eighteen percent of patients reported spontaneous device combustion. Two patients were injured while changing their device battery, and two were injured modifying their device. Three percent were injured by second-hand mechanism. Burn injury was the most common injury pattern (100%), followed by blast injury (3.93%). Flame burns were the most common (70%) type of thermal injury; however, most patients sustained a combination-type injury secondary to multiple burn mechanisms. The most injured body region was the extremities. Silver sulfadiazine was the most common agent used in initial management of thermal injuries. Sixty-three percent of patients did not require surgery. Of the 36% requiring surgery, 43.4% required skin grafting. Multiple surgeries were uncommon. Our data recognizes electronic cigarette use as a public health problem with potential to cause thermal injury and secondary trauma. Most patients are treated on an inpatient basis although most patients treated on outpatient basis have good outcomes.

Chemical Burns from Secondary Exposure to Paraquat Through Mishandling Urine of a Patient with Toxic Exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Denise Holley-Harrison ◽  
David Cunningham ◽  
Sai R Velamuri ◽  
William L Hickerson ◽  
David M Hill
Keyword(s):  
Registered Nurse ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Skin Exposure ◽  
Secondary Exposure ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Initial Care

Abstract Paraquat is used throughout the world as an herbicide due to efficacy and relative safety with proper handling. Accidents and misuse still occur, leading to countries banning its use or employing extra safeguards and special handling certifications. Severe toxicity is primarily associated with ingestion, but skin exposure leads to corrosive injury to the dermis, occurs rapidly, and progresses for up to 24 hours. Prolonged skin exposure or the presence of open wounds can lead to systemic absorption. This is the first known report of burn injury and treatment due to secondary exposure to the urine of a patient who had accidental ingestion of paraquat. A 50-year-old Caucasian male presented to the emergency room after accidental ingestion of eight ounces of Gramoxone extra (Paraquat 30% concentration). During initial care of the patient, the bedside registered nurse was placing an indwelling foley catheter when her forearms were contaminated with urine, while wearing basic personal protective equipment (gloves). The registered nurse noticed bullae to bilateral forearms a short time after exposure to the urine. She presented to the burn center for evaluation and treatment. Poison Control was contacted but was unable to offer advise due to lack of supportive literature. The risk and effects of primary exposure to Paraquat is described throughout the literature and documented in MSDS, but data regarding risk and treatment of secondary exposure is lacking. This case will aid outreach efforts for prevention and treatment of burn injuries from secondary exposure to paraquat.

scholarly journals Impact of Rhinovirus Infections in Children

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Vandini ◽  
Carlotta Biagi ◽  
Maximilian Fischer ◽  
Marcello Lanari
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Direct Cell ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Rhinovirus (RV) is an RNA virus that causes more than 50% of upper respiratory tract infections in humans worldwide. Together with Respiratory Syncytial Virus, RV is one of the leading causes of viral bronchiolitis in infants and the most common virus associated with wheezing in children aged between one and two years. Because of its tremendous genetic diversity (>150 serotypes), the recurrence of RV infections each year is quite typical. Furthermore, because of its broad clinical spectrum, the clinical variability as well as the pathogenesis of RV infection are nowadays the subjects of an in-depth examination and have been the subject of several studies in the literature. In fact, the virus is responsible for direct cell cytotoxicity in only a small way, and it is now clearer than ever that it may act indirectly by triggering the release of active mediators by structural and inflammatory airway cells, causing the onset and/or the acute exacerbation of asthmatic events in predisposed children. In the present review, we aim to summarize the RV infection’s epidemiology, pathogenetic hypotheses, and available treatment options as well as its correlation with respiratory morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population.

scholarly journals Transcutaneous Immunization with a Band-Aid Prevents Experimental Otitis Media in a Polymicrobial Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Novotny ◽  
John D. Clements ◽  
Steven D. Goodman ◽  
Lauren O. Bakaletz
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Integration Host Factor ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transcutaneous Immunization ◽  
Adhesive Proteins

ABSTRACT Otitis media (OM) is a common pediatric disease, and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is the predominant pathogen in chronic OM, recurrent OM, and OM associated with treatment failure. OM is also a polymicrobial disease, wherein an upper respiratory tract viral infection predisposes to ascension of NTHI from the nasopharynx, the site of colonization, to the normally sterile middle ear, resulting in disease. Using a clinically relevant viral-bacterial coinfection model of NTHI-induced OM, we performed transcutaneous immunization (TCI) via a band-aid delivery system to administer each of three promising NTHI vaccine candidates derived from bacterial adhesive proteins and biofilm mediators: recombinant soluble PilA (rsPilA), chimV4, and integration host factor. Each immunogen was admixed with the adjuvant LT(R192G/L211A), a double mutant of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin, and assessed for relative ability to prevent the onset of experimental OM. For each cohort, the presence of circulating immunogen-specific antibody-secreting cells and serum antibody was confirmed prior to intranasal NTHI challenge. After bacterial challenge, blinded video otoscopy and tympanometry revealed a significant reduction in the proportion of animals with signs of OM compared to levels in animals receiving adjuvant only, with an overall vaccine efficacy of 64 to 77%. These data are the first to demonstrate the efficacy afforded by TCI with a band-aid vaccine delivery system in a clinically relevant polymicrobial model of OM. The simplicity of TCI with a band-aid and the significant efficacy observed here hold great promise for reducing the global burden of OM in the pediatric population.

Effect of Preemptive Nerve Block on Inflammation and Hyperalgesia after Human Thermal Injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1020-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juri L. Pedersen ◽  
Michael E. Crawford ◽  
Jorgen B. Dahl ◽  
Jannick Brennum ◽  
Henrik Kehlet
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Block ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Blister Formation ◽  
Nociceptive Pathways ◽  
Initial Block ◽  
Skin Erythema ◽  
Thermal Injuries ◽  
Nociceptive Input

Background Postoperative pain relief may be improved by reducing sensitization of nociceptive pathways caused by surgical trauma. Such a reduction may depend on the timing and efficacy of analgesia and the duration of the nociceptive block versus the duration of the nociceptive input. We examined whether a prolonged nerve block administered before a superficial burn injury could reduce local inflammation and late hyperalgesia after recovery from the block. Methods The effects of a preemptive saphenous nerve block on primary and secondary hyperalgesia, skin erythema, and blister formation, were compared to the opposite unblocked leg for 12 h after bilateral thermal injuries (15 x 25 mm, 49 degrees C for 5 min) in 20 healthy volunteers. Recovery from the block was identified by return of sensation to cold. Results Six subjects were excluded because of insufficient initial block (2 subjects) or because the block lasted beyond the study period (4 subjects). The remaining 14 subjects experienced significantly reduced primary (P = 0.005) and secondary hyperplasia (P = 0.01) in the blocked leg after return of cold sensation compared to the unblocked leg. Erythema intensity and blister formation were not significantly affected by the blockade (P = 0.94 and P = 0.07, respectively). Conclusions These data suggest that a prolonged, preemptive nerve block reduced late hyperalgesia after thermal injury, whereas the erythema and blister formation were not significantly affected.

Redistribution of blood flow after thermal injury and hemorrhagic shock

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1782-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Carter ◽  
R. G. Tompkins ◽  
M. L. Yarmush ◽  
W. A. Walker ◽  
J. F. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Mucosal Mass ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Diminished mucosal mass and a diminished rate of DNA synthesis by the intestinal mucosa have been identified in the rat after thermal injury. Because these changes may be associated with ischemia, the distribution of intestinal blood flow was studied after a thermal injury and compared with the blood flow distribution after hemorrhagic shock. For the thermal injury, anesthetized animals received a standardized 20% body surface area, full-thickness injury and were given intraperitoneal saline resuscitation. By the use of 46Sc- or 141Ce-labeled microspheres, no changes in intestinal and hepatic blood flow occurred after thermal injury. In contrast, a marked redistribution of blood flow was identified after hemorrhagic shock in which a decrease in arterial blood flow was identified to the stomach and to the small and large intestine. Although clinical shock was not present, the cardiac output decreased to a comparable degree in the hemorrhagic shock and the thermal injury. These studies indicate that although physiological changes in intestinal mucosa can be demonstrated after burn injury, these changes are not due to decreases in mesenteric arterial blood flow.

scholarly journals Unusual case of mobile phone simulation SIM card’s outer case ingestion: wedged at laryngeal surface of epiglottis

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Rachna Dhingra ◽  
Jai Lal Davessar ◽  
Shruti Sharma ◽  
Kanwalpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Title Page ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Emergency Department Attendance

<div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p class="abstract">Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies in the pediatric population is usually small pieces from toys or other household objects and subsequent emergency department attendance is a common occurrence. Here we describe an unusual case of accidental swallowing where the foreign body is outer case of mobile phone simulation (SIM) card.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Accidentally ingested textile foreign bodies, a cause of gastrointestinal obstruction in dogs and cats – a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (06) ◽  
pp. 680-684
Author(s):  
NICULAE TUDOR ◽  
BOGDAN ALEXANDRU VIȚĂLARU ◽  
VLAD TRAIAN LUPU ◽  
MARIO DARIUS CODREANU ◽  
CARMEN MIHAI
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Obstruction ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening

Gastrointestinal obstruction is a life-threatening condition that is usually caused by accidental ingestion of inedible objects, through play or food indiscretions. Ingested foreign objects generate the mechanical obstruction of the gastrointestinal segment, characterized by a relatively typical set of symptoms, depending on the location. The aim of this study was the clinical and imaging description of some cases of gastrointestinal obstruction in dogs and cats, caused by swallowing textile foreign bodies. The study included 12 dogs and 8 cats of different breeds and ages, belonging to both sexes, which showed clinical signs suggestive from a clinical-anamnestic point of view for gastrointestinal obstruction. These patients had symptoms with acute or chronic progressive evolution of the gastrointestinal tract, including restlessness, deviation, vomiting (single or repeated episodes), abdominal tenderness, constipation and tenesmus. The diagnosis was confirmed by radiographic examination, simple and with contrast medium, and ultrasound, completed in some situations with laparotomy. Ingested textile foreign bodies were represented by socks/stockings (5 dogs and 3 cats), underwear (3 dogs), rope (1 dog and 3 cats), carpet fragments (2 dog and 1 cat), toy fragments (1 dog and 1 cat), and they were located in the stomach (7/12; 58.33%, respectively 4/8; 50%), in the gastro-duodenal segment (2/12; 16.67%, respectively 3/8; 37.5%), in the jejunum (3/12; 25%, respectively 1/8; 12.5%) and in the colon (1/12; 8.33%, respectively 1/8; 12.5%). Gastrointestinal obstruction in pets, caused by accidental ingestion of textile foreign bodies, is a medical emergency and imaging examinations are the main diagnostic tool in the establishment of a subsequent therapy with maximum efficiency.

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