scholarly journals An evaluation of compliance with the cigarettes and other tobacco products act 2003 in Koppal district, Karnataka

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3113
Author(s):  
Vijaykumar P. Mane ◽  
Yuvaraj Bhanot Yenkanaik ◽  
Shankrappa Dhanapur ◽  
Sangappa Yallammanavar ◽  
Rashmi Sreenivasamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products

Background: Tobacco is a major risk factor for a number of diseases affecting all age groups. One person dies every six seconds due to tobacco use and up to half of current users will eventually die of a tobacco-related disease. Government of India has enacted cigarette and other tobacco products act (COTPA) in the year 2003 to control tobacco use. The objective of study was to estimate the level of compliance to selected sections (4 to 9) of COTPA (cigarette and other tobacco products – prohibition of advertisement and regulation of trade and commerce, production, supply and distribution) act, 2003 in Koppal district, Karnataka.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study conducted as an independent evaluation of COTPA act 2003 in Koppal district as per National Tobacco Control Program guidelines. Cluster sampling technique was used for sample selection and sample consisted of 158 public places, 102 educational institutional, 87 shops/ sell points and 60 tobacco products. Data entry and analysis was done using microsoft office excel 2013.Results: The prevalence of compliance to section 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7, 8 and 9 of COTPA act 2003 in Koppal district were 80.3%, 96.5%, 98.9%, 64.8%, 53.3%, 63.3% and 50% respectively.Conclusions: Compliance level was poor especially in relation to display of health warnings on tobacco products which needs to be tackled through strict enforcement of the existing laws.

scholarly journals Determinants of Tobacco Use in a Selected Urban Area of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gias Uddin ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Syed Md Akram Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Factors Affecting

Tobacco consumption is harmful to health, and is one of the main causes of death in worldwide. It is evident that the prevalence of tobacco consumption is raising in most of low and middle income countries. Considering this, a cross sectional study was conducted in a selected urban area of southern Bangladesh with a view to assessing the prevalence of tobacco consumption and factors affecting the use of tobacco use. Multistage cluster sampling technique was adopted to select the urban ward and the respondents were selected systematically. A total of 399 respondents were interviewed face to face using a semi-structured interview schedule. Analysis shows that 30% of the population of aged 18 years above were currently using tobacco of any form. The mean age of starting tobacco use was 18.8 years. The most frequent form of tobacco use was smoking cigarette followed by Zarda with betal quid. Multivariate analysis revealed that illiterate respondents were 3.3 times more tobacco users than their educated counterparts. It was also higher among the Muslims (OR=4.979; 95% CI=1.255-19.754). Tobacco use was also high among the labourer (OR=8.541; 95% CI=2.422-30.120) and businessmen (OR=7.727, 95% CI=2.501-23.875). However, no statistically significant association was found between current tobacco use and age, sex, housing condition and knowledge on tobacco use (p>0.05). The finding of this study suggests that as tobacco use is more prevalent among the poor and illiterate segment of the population, strong implementation of anti-tobacco legislation is warranted.   DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v38i2.3573 Bangladesh Medical Journal 38(2) 2009 48-52

scholarly journals Influence of anti-tobacco advertisements on the attitude of slum dwellers about use of tobacco: a cross-sectional study from Mandya city

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4516
Author(s):  
Harish B. Rudresh ◽  
Sudhir Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Slum Dwellers

Background: As per the Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) rules, the anti-tobacco health spots and disclaimers are being provided by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India. These advertisements are aimed at creating awareness about the ill effects of tobacco use. Mass media anti-tobacco advertising campaigns play an important role as part of a comprehensive tobacco control program and are associated with increase in smoking cessation and declines in adult tobacco use prevalence.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the influence of anti-tobacco advertisements among slum dwellers of Mandya city. A self-structured, close-ended questionnaire was used to interview 700 slum dwellers. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic data, tobacco usage status, questions related to awareness about anti-tobacco advertisements, and influence of anti-tobacco advertisements on attitude toward tobacco use. Frequency distributions and percentages were examined for each item and Chi-square test was used.Results: Out of 700 participants 54.5% were males and 45.5% were females. Nearly 87.7% of males and 70.2% of females had noticed the statutory warning which is shown during tobacco products’ usage on television/movies. Almost 66.4% of males and 68.0% of females had a positive change in attitude toward tobacco use due to influence of anti-tobacco advertisements.Conclusions: There is awareness against use of tobacco and this awareness should be used to motivate them to quit tobacco as well as to stop them from initiating tobacco use.

scholarly journals Prevalence of undernutrition and its determinants among preschool children in a rural community of Shimoga, Karnataka

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4149
Author(s):  
Vijaykumar P. Mane ◽  
M. V. Sagar ◽  
Revathy R.
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Nutrition Problem

Background: Undernutrition is a major health and nutrition problem in India especially among preschool children. It is an important cause of childhood mortality and morbidity and also leads to permanent impairment of physical and mental growth of those who survive. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition among preschool children in the study setting and to determine various factors associated with undernutrition of the child.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 400 preschool children in the field practice area of PHC Aaynoor, Shivamogga, Karnataka. Cluster sampling technique was used for sample selection. Data was collected by interviewing the parent /guardian using a pretested and semistructured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were done as per standard techniques. Statistical analysis was done using WHO Epi-info software version 3.5.4.Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was observed in 38%, 43% and 15.8% of children respectively. The study found significant association between the prevalence of undernutrition and gender, birth weight, birth order, number of siblings, caste, paternal literacy and availability of toilet in the house of the child.Conclusions: The present study revealed that the problem of undernutrition is critical in the study area and identifies multiple risk factors for its causation, thereby signifying a well - coordinated multi sectorial approach to curb the same. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of non-communicable diseases among the rural population in Maharashtra: a descriptive study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5259
Author(s):  
Pothiraj Pitchai ◽  
Anulucia Augustine ◽  
Hiloni R. Badani ◽  
Namrataa H. Anarthe ◽  
Aiyshwarya Avasare
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Background: Prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is alarmingly increasing along with a rise in population especially in rural India. The objectives of this study are to find out prevalence as well as awareness of NCDs among the rural populations.Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in six rural area of Panvel Taluka. One –stage cluster sampling technique was used to recruit participants from each cluster. WHO STEPS questionnaire tool (STEP I and II) was used to measure NCDs risk factors. Face validated pre-designed questionnaire was used to assess participant’s awareness, attitude, and behavior towards NCDs. The target population was classified into different age groups and gender. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software and a descriptive statistics were applied.Results: A total of 483 males and 417 females participated in this study. Among males, 34.8% consumed smoked tobacco whereas 21.8% of females consumed smokeless tobacco. Only 9.32% of male participants were reported as current alcohol drinkers. Both the genders did not meet the recommended amount of fruit consumption. Insufficient physical activity amongst males was 45.21% and females 60.49%. Based on BMI categories 19.04% males were overweight and 27.12% obese and in females 23.02% and 21.34% respectively. Risk of high waist circumference and diabetes was demonstrated more by males whereas females subjected to raised blood pressure. Awareness of NCDs among total subjects found as low as 28%.Conclusions: Awareness about NCDs is alarmingly low among the rural population thus corresponding to an increased prevalence of risk factors.

Knowledge and attitude about tobacco use among school personnel in Bangalore South-a Cross Sectional Study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Dr. Padma K Bhat ◽  
Dr. Sushma S G ◽  
Dr. Jayachandra M Y
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Government

Background: Tobacco use is so addictive among youth and is one of the global epidemics which require constant monitoring and timely appropriate action to prevent usage. School personnel play one of the main roles in taking appropriate action. Aim: To assess knowledge and attitude of tobacco use pattern among school personnel in Bangalore city. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out for a period of six months from May to October 2017. Stratified cluster sampling was done to include the government and English medium schools in Bangalore south. All the school personnel in the selected schools were eligible to participate. The data collection tool was GSPS questionnaire (WHO FCTC Tobacco Control). Chi-square test and Fisher’s Exact Test was used to demonstrate cross tabulation with confidence intervals. Significance level of 0.05 was considered for statistical analyses Results : Majority of both Kannada and English medium school personnel did not use any forms of tobacco. Both the English and Kannada medium school personnel were aware of the addictive effect of tobacco, but majority of the Kannada medium personnel said second hand smoke is not harmful as compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: Tobacco use among school personnel was low. Most of the school personnel were informed about the addictive nature of tobacco.

scholarly journals Tobacco Use among Adolescents of a Public School of Kaski District

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Sailaja Sharma ◽  
Ratna Shila Banstola ◽  
Sakuntala Pageni
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Introduction: Tobacco is one of the proven risk factors, contributes substantially to the rising epidemic of non-communicable diseases. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and associated factors among adolescents of a selected public School in Kaski district. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was adopted and data was collected with self-administered questionnaire from 168 respondents. Results: The prevalence of tobacco-use was 19.6 percent and mean age of initiation was13.84 years. The most common reasons for smoking were peer pressure (63.3%), imitation (27.3%), family influence (27.3%) and quest for new experience (21.2%). Tobacco-use was strongly associated with ethnicity (p=0.03), mother's education level (p=0.02), father's occupation (p=0.03), peer pressure (p=0.01) and friends smoking habit (p=0.03). Conclusion: Tobacco-focused interventions are required for school going adolescents to promote cessation among users and prevent its initiation.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchenna C. Atowa ◽  
Alvin J. Munsamy ◽  
Samuel O. Wajuihian
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: To study the prevalence of myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in public and private (primary and secondary) schools. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used for selecting participants aged between 8 and 15 years from 12 schools in Aba, Nigeria. Data were analysed for 1197 children who underwent a comprehensive eye examination. The children were divided according to the following criteria: age groups (group 1 [8–11 years] or group 2 [12–15 years]), gender (male or female), level of education (primary or secondary) and type of school (public or private). Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -0.50 D in the poorer eye.Results: The prevalence of myopia was estimated to be 2.7%. Of the 96 children with refractive error, 78.1% were uncorrected. In using logistic regression analysis, risk of developing myopia was associated with older age groups (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16–9.11; p < 0.010) and higher level of education (OR: 1.73; 95% CI, 1.05–2.86; p < 0.030). There was no significant difference in myopia prevalence between male and female children (p = 0.89).Conclusion: Although the prevalence of myopia and overall prevalence of refractive error in school children in Aba were low, the high prevalence of uncorrected refractive error is a significant public health problem. An effective and sustainable children’s vision screening programme is needed to prevent visual impairment and blindness.

scholarly journals Magnitude of exposure and perception of second hand smoking among rural population in Trichy, Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2946
Author(s):  
Hemalatha K. ◽  
Varunkumar R. ◽  
Vandana S. J.
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protection Measures

Background: India is one of the countries where tobacco use is highly prevalent. Tobacco use in the form of smoking is related to occurrence of multiple health related problems in smokers and also general population.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 360 adults residing in a rural area of Tiruchirappalli. Cluster sampling was used to select the study participants. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on tobacco use, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), knowledge on its health effects and protection measures. Data was entered and analyzed using Epi info 7.2. The results were presented in the form of mean and percentage. Chi-square was used to find the association between the parameters and ETS. A p value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Mean age of the study group was 38.5±10.8 years. Proportion of males and females was 53.9% and 46.1% respectively. Two hundred and fifty five (70.8%) were non-smokers and 29.2% have ever smoked some form of tobacco product. Thirty seven percent of the non-smokers were exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the past 15 days and exposure was higher among males (46.7%) than females (31.3%) (χ2 value=6.3; p=0.014). Public place was the most common place of exposure (25.5%) to ETS. Significantly higher proportion of smokers had correct knowledge on ill effects of ETS than smokers (χ2 value=12.3; p= 0.0004).Conclusions: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was significantly high in the study population. Either strict enforcement of laws or banning cigarette sale completely would help reducing the exposure to cigarette smoke which is an important risk factor for multiple non communicable diseases.

scholarly journals SPIROMETRY FINDINGS IN SUBJECTS PRESENTING WITH DYSPNEA IN BANNU DISTRICT, PAKISTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Fazli Maula ◽  
Nargis Noman ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Razzaq ◽  
Muhammad Adil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Acute Bronchitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Dyspnea is a common symptom in patients presenting to emergency departments worldwide. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of spirometry findings in subjects presenting with dyspnea in Bannu, KP, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Bannu Medical College, Bannu, KP, Pakistan from 1st December 2015 to 31st march 2018. Sample size was 4300 selected through convenient sampling technique. All patients with acute and chronic dyspnea were included. Any patient unable to perform spirometry, recently diagnosed smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), recent myocardial infarction and any infectious disease patient were excluded. A self-administered proforma was used for data collection. The demographic variables were sex and age groups. The research variables were type of lung pathology, severity of obstructive lung pathology, severity of restrictive lung pathology, causes of obstructive lung pathology and causes of restrictive lung pathology. All variables being categorical were analyzed through count and percentages using spss version17. Results: Out of 4300 subjects, (55.72%) were males and (44.28%) were females. Two thousands four hundered and forty five (52.32%) had obstructive, (22.49%) restrictive, (12.9%) with mixed pattern and (4.3%) had normal spirometry. In obstructive patients bronchial asthma were (35.13%), COPD 741(30.3%) asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) (9.48%), acute bronchitis (05.64%), bronchiectasis 173(7.07%) and unclear diagnosis (04.17%). In restrictive patients post pulmonary tuberculous fibrosis (PTB) were (33.77%), cardiovascular disorders (28.35%), interstitial lung diseases (17.79%), chest wall disorders (6.47%) and unclear diagnosis in 143(13.6%). Conclusion: Ninety five percent of individuals were having an abnormal spirometeric pattern. mostly old males were having bronchial asthma & COPD as obstructive and PTB & CVDs as restrictive lung disease.

Medical Student Syndrome in Dental Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3026-3029
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hassan ◽  
Obaid Bajwa ◽  
Amina Tariq ◽  
Roshaney Aslam ◽  
Aqsa Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aim: To identify the presence of Medical Student Syndrome in dental students of Lahore compared to non-dental students Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore (Aug 2019 to Nov 2020). A structured questionnaire was adopted, modified and distributed amongst university going dental and non-dental students of various universities in Lahore. The sample selection was done using the cluster and consecutive sampling technique. Results: When asked about worrying too much about being seriously ill, 158(56.8%) of the respondents agreed with the statement. Similarly, when asked about being aware of the sensations occurring in the body, 211(75.8%) participants stated that they were aware of the sensations and critically analyzed them. Amongst the students, 149(53.6%) agreed with the statement that they frequently checked their bodies for signs and symptoms of disease only 62(22.3%) disagreed with the statement and the rest were neutral. Conclusion: To conclude, the Medical Student Syndrome as a separate entity amongst dental students cannot be established as a mental health issue based on the results of this study. However, the presence of hypochondriac behavior amongst the students’ needs to be further evaluated in Lahore. Keywords: Non-dental students, Dental Students, Medical Student Syndrome, Mental Health

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