scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activity of acacia catechu-bark aqueous solution in aspirin induced gastric ulcer in rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5649
Author(s):  
Uzma Waseem ◽  
Syeda Rizwana Jafri ◽  
Sarah Khalid ◽  
Fauzia Qureshi ◽  
Nadia Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group B ◽  
Acacia Catechu

Background: Aspirin is amongst the most widely used drugs and has many adverse effects on gastric mucosa. Anti-inflammatory properties of Acacia catechu have been established already. Objective was to evaluate the histopathological changes induced by aspirin in the stomach of albino rats and to assess the protective effect of different doses of Acacia catechu.Methods: Experimental study Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore for 21 days. Forty-eight adult albino rats, both males and female, were divided into four groups A, B, C and D randomly; each comprising of 12 rats. Group A was control, group B was given aspirin 100 mg/kg and group C and D were given aspirin 100 mg/kg along with Acacia catechu 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively by oral route. The rats from individual group were sacrificed on 3rd day, 7th day and 14th day and stomachs were examined under light microscope to observe the inflammatory cells infiltration.Results: Gross and microscopic findings on days 3, 7 and 14 were similar. Control groups A1, A2 and A3 showed normal healthy gastric mucosa and the least number of inflammatory cells. In group B, aspirin produced ulcerations and linear breaks; with highest inflammatory infiltrates. On microscopic examination, numerous inflammatory cells were noted. Group C and D rats had minimum ulcer index and fewer inflammatory cells.Conclusions: Acacia catechu has protective role against gastric injury by inhibiting inflammation. 

scholarly journals Pengaruh cabe rawit terhadap gambaran histopatologik lambung tikus Wistar yang diinduksi aspirin

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel T. Bawulele ◽  
Lily Loho ◽  
Poppy Lintong
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Acute Gastritis ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Mucosa Epithelium

Abstract: Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frustescens L ) is commonly in daily food. This study aimed to determine the effect of cayenne pepper to histopathological changes in gaster of Wistar rats induced by aspirin. This was an experimental study. Subjects were Wistar rats consisted of 5 rats as the negative control and 20 rats as the treatment group. Group A, the negative control group, was untreated; group B was treated with aspirin 21mg/day for 10 days; group C was treated with aspirin 21mg/day for 10 days together with cayenne pepper 84mg once daily; group D was treated with aspirin 21mg/day for 10 days followed by cayenne 84mg twice daily; and group E was treated with aspirin 21mg/day for 10 days and then was untreated for 3 days. The histopathological changes in group C showed a lot of inflammatory cells and erosion of gastric mucosa epithelium compared to group B, D, and E. Group D also showed inflammatory cells but no erosion as in group C. Group E had less inflammatory cells than group B, C, and D. Conclusion: Administration of aspirin 21mg/kg BW for 10 days led to acute gastritis in Wistar rat. Administration of aspirin together with cayenne 84mg/day led to acute gastritis and erosion of gastric mucosa epithelium. However, administration of cayenne pepper 168mg/day after aspirin led to acute gastritis without erosionKeywords: pepper, gaster, aspirinAbstrak : Cabe Rawit (Capsicum frustescens L.) banyak dijumpai dalam makanan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian cabe rawit terhadap gambaran histopatologik lambung tikus wistar yang diinduksi aspirin. Jenis penelitian ialah eksprimental. Subjek penelitian ialah tikus wistar, yang dibagi atas: 5 ekor untuk kontrol negatif dan 20 ekor untuk perlakuan. Kelompok A (kontrol negatif) tidak diberi perlakuan; kelompok B diberikan aspirin 21mg/hari selama 10 hari; kelompok C diberikan aspirin 21mg/hari selama 10 hari bersama cabe rawit 84mg sekali sehari; kelompok D diberikan aspirin 21mg/hari selama 10 hari kemudian dilanjutkan pemberian cabe rawit 84mg selama 3 hari 2 kali sehari; dan kelompok E diberikan aspirin 21mg/hari selama 10 hari kemudian tidak diberi perlakuan selama 3 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok C terlihat banyak sel-sel radang disertai erosi epitel mukosa lambung dibanding dengan kelompok B, D, dan E. Pada kelompok D pemberian aspirin dilanjutkan dengan cabe rawit dosis 2 kali sehari masih terdapat sel-sel radang tetapi tidak terjadi erosi seperti pada kelompok C. Kelompok E memiliki sel-sel radang yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan kelompok B, C, dan D. Simpulan: Pemberian aspirin 21mg/hari selama 10 hari menyebabkan gastritis akut pada tikus wistar. Pemberian aspirin bersama cabe rawit 84mg/hari menyebabkan gastritis akut erosi sedangkan pemberian cabe rawit 168mg/hari setelah diberi aspirin menyebabkan gastritis akut tanpa erosi.Kata kunci: cabe rawit, lambung, aspirin

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Ocimum basilicum Against Atrophic Changes in Graafian Follicles in Cyclophosphamide Induced Ovarian Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Saba Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Natural Herb

Introduction: Cyclophosphamide is one of the alkylating chemotherapeutic drug used in cancer patients that has antifertility effects on female gonads. Ocimum basilicum is a natural herb rich in polyphenols and is known to improve fertility. Aims & Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the role of natural herb, Ocimum basilicum extract, as a preventive agent against ovarian follicular toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide. Place and duration of study: This experimental study was performed in the Department of Anatomy, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore. The duration of study was 8 months. Material & Methods: 45 female albino rats were divided equally in control group A, experimental group B and group C each contained 15 rats. Group A rats received single dose of 150 mg/kg normal saline intraperitoneally on 8th day of experiment, while group B was given single intraperitoneal dose of 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide at day 8 of experiment. Group C rats were pretreated with methanolic basil (Ocimum basilicum) seeds extract for 7 days followed by single intraperitoneal dose of 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide at day 8 of experiment. All the rats were dissected 48 hours after the last dose. Results: Graafian follicles were atrophied showing atretic granulosa cells in group B when compared with control group A with p value <0.001. However, significant improvement in status of Graafian follicles was observed in group C, when compared with group B with p value <0.025. Conclusion: This study depicts that basil seeds extract can prevent the cellular toxicity in Graafian follicles caused by cyclophosphamide treatment. So the use of basil seeds during chemotherapy can significantly limit its toxic effects on Graafian follicles.

scholarly journals HYPERPLASTIC THYROID G1AND

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 564-573
Author(s):  
ANWAAR HUSSAIN ◽  
SAIF-U- DIN ◽  
KHALID MEHMOOD AKHTAR ◽  
Nabeela Kaukab
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Thiourea Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim and Objective: The study was conducted to see the vascular and follicular changes induced by dexamethasone (syntheticcorticosteroid) during involution of hyperplastic thyroid gland in albino rats. Study Design: A comparative histological study done in PostGraduate Medical Institute Lahore in 1998 Procedure: 54 adult rats were taken and divided at random into two control groups having 27 ratsand experimental groups containing 27 rats. Control group was given normal diet along with 2 microgram of Potassium iodide intraperitonealyfor 21 days while experimental groups further subdivided into group A having 3 rats and group B and C containing 12 rats each. All theexperimental groups were treated with Thiourea for 21 days. Group A was sacrificed on day 22 after withdrawal of thiourea. Group B was givenPotassium iodide intraperitonealy after stoppage of TU on day 21 and were sacrificed on days 22,26,30 and 50 in 4 sub groups (B1-B4) tostudy the involution process. Group C was injected dexamethasone from 22 to 50 days after withdrawal of TU and sacrificed on same daysin 4 subgroups (C1-C4) as sub groups B. Results: The results of experimental group. A showed increase in thyroid and relative tissue weight.Histologically this group exhibited significant increase in stromal congestion with tall follicular cells lining the small sized follicles having scantycolloid. The results of experimental groups B and C demonstrated increase in thyroid and relative tissue weight but microscopically subgroupsB revealed early and complete involution whereas subgroups C showed significantly persistent hyperplastic changes in the form of stromalcongestion, vessels wall remained well defined and tall follicular cells lining small empty follicles. Conclusion: It was concluded thatdexamehasone did retain hyperplastic changes during involution evident by stromal congestion and small sized regular follicle lined by tallfollicular cells, so it should be carefully used in thyroid diseases.

scholarly journals EFEK PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK KAYU MANIS (CINNAMOMUM BURMANNII) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI LAMBUNG TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIBERI ASPIRIN

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Walangitan ◽  
Lily Loho ◽  
Meilany Durry
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cinnamomum Burmannii ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Abstract: Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) is a traditional herbal plants which are often found in our daily life and has many benefits especially in health. This study were designed to know the effect of cinnamon on gastric mucosa given aspirin. This was an experimental research and used Wistar rats as the subject research.  The Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 mice of control group and 9 mice of treatment group. Group A (K-) given pellets, group B (K+) given pellets and aspirin 150 mg/kgBB for 7 days, group C given pellets, aspirin 150 mg/kgBB and cinnamon extract 3 mg for 3 days, group D given pellets, aspirin 150 mg/kgBB for 7 days and given cinnamon extract 3 mg for 3 days, group E given pellets, aspirin 150 mg/kgBB for 7 days and given pellets only (without treatment) for 3 days. The results showed that aspirin cause gastric mucosa damage in group B (K+) compared with kelompok A (K-). Group C and D showed less inflammatory cells compared with group B (K+). Group E showed more inflammatory cells compared with group D. The study suggested that cinnamon extract has protective and therapeutic effects on gastric mucosa of Wistar rats. Keywords: cinnamon, gaster, aspirin.   Abstrak: Kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) merupakan tanaman herbal tradisional yang banyak dijumpai dalam kehidupan sehari- hari dan memiliki banyak manfaat termasuk dalam bidang kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada efek pemberian kayu manis terhadap mukosa lambung yang diberi aspirin. Desain Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dan subjek penelitian menggunakan tikus Wistar, yang terbagi atas 6 ekor kontrol dan 9 ekor perlakuan. Kelompok A (K-) diberikan pelet selama 7 hari, kelompok B (K+) diberikan pelet dan aspirin 150mg/kgBB selama 7 hari, kelompok C diberikan pelet, aspirin 150 mg/kgBB, ekstrak kayu manis 3 mg secara bersama- sama selama 7 hari, kelompok D diberikan pelet dan Aspirin 150 mg/kgBB selama 7 hari dilanjutkan dengan pemberian ekstrak kayu manis 3 mg selama 3 hari, kelompok E diberikan pelet dan Aspirin 150 mg/kgBB selama 7 hari dilanjutkan dengan pemberian pelet saja (tanpa perlakuan) selama 3 hari. Hasilnya menunjukkan aspirin menimbulkan kerusakan mukosa lambung pada kelompok B (K+) dibandingkan dengan kelompok A (K-). Kelompok C dan D menunjukkan sel-sel radang yang lebih sedikit dari kelompok B(kontrol +). Kelompok E menunjukkan sel- sel radang yang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan kelompok D. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kayu manis mempunyai efek protektif dan terapeutik terhadap mukosa lambung tikus Wistar. Kata kunci: kayu manis, lambung, aspirin.

Ajwa Date Fruit Extract Ameliorates the Effects of Alcohol on Weight of Liver in Male Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1810-1812
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Rifat Shamim ◽  
Nighat Ara ◽  
Fauzia Siraj ◽  
Attya Zaheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Date Fruit ◽  
Group B

Background: Liver injuries induced by different toxic substances have been recognized as one of the great toxicological problem for years. However, there are a lot of herbal medicines existing to compensate these disorders.Alcohols are one of the most important organic compounds in different areas of our daily lives. The health benefits of Ajwa Date Fruit Extract are well documented in literature. Objective: To determine the effect of alcohol on weight of liver and possible protective role of Ajwa date fruit extract (ADFE) in adult male albino rats. Study Design:Experimental Study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore from 1st October 2018 to 31st March 2019. Methodology: Twenty four adult male albino rats were used in this research and divided into the 4 groups A, B, C and D having 6 rats in each group. Group A was designated as control group;group B received ethanol 3g/kg/day of 40% v/v prepared in distilled water; group C received ethanol and ADFE1g/kg/day and group D received ethanol and ADFE 2g/kg/day by oral gavage once daily for 28 days.The 100% pure alcohol was dissolved in distilled water for preparation of 40% alcohol. Dates palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits washed with tap water and removed the seeds. The extract of the date fruits made by adding distilled water to date fruit (3:1) and leaving for 48 hours in refrigerator (4°C). Results: The increase in mean weight of liver in group B on 29th day of experiment were statistically significant (p=0.001) in comparison with the control. The mean weight of liver was decreased significantly after 28 days of experiment in experimental groups C and D. Conclusions: Alcohol administration in the male albino rats significantly increase their weight of liver which was improved by the use of ADFE. Key words: Alcohol, Ajwa date fruit extract, Rats

scholarly journals Inimical Effects of Sodium Fluoride on Ovarian Weight and Relative Tissue Weight Index of Adult Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Tahira Athar ◽  
Muhammad Suhail ◽  
Javaid Iqbal ◽  
Tayyaba Muzaffar ◽  
Hina Majid
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Weight Index ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Group B

Objective: To determine the impacts of sodium fluoride on ovarian weight and relative tissue weight index (RTWI) of adult Wistar albino rats. Study Design: Comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: This experimental study was performed at the Department of Anatomy, at Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore from 25th November to 24th December 2016. Materials and Methods: Forty-four adult female albino Wistar rats were selected randomly for this study. They were segregated into 4 groups, each comprised of eleven rats. Group A was control, group B was low dose experimental, group C was medium dose experimental and group D was high dose experimental. The control group received distilled water whereas low, medium and high dose experimental groups received 100mg/L, 200mg/L and 300mg/L sodium fluoride solution respectively. The animals were weighed before and after experiment. At 31st and 32nd day, dissection was done, ovaries were removed and evaluated for ovarian tissue weight and RTWI. Results: The mean weight and RTWI of paired ovaries among the experimental groups were decreased. The differences among groups were statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study confirms that sodium fluoride has detrimental dose dependent effects on ovarian weight and RTWI of adult albino rats.

scholarly journals AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF BERBERIS VULGARIS FRUIT EXTRACT AGAINST GENTAMICIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 676-80
Author(s):  
Lubna Faisal ◽  
Zia -Ul- Islam ◽  
Saima Athar ◽  
Sadia Iqbal ◽  
```Fatima Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Berberis Vulgaris ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Control Group Group

Objective: To observe the nephroprotective role of berberis vulgar is on renal parenchyma against microscopic and morphometric changes induced by Gentamicin in albino rats. Study Design: Lab based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: It was conducted in Baqai Medical University in collaboration with department of Anatomy Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, from Jan to Jul 2017. Methodology: A total of 40 male adult albino rats were used in the study. Four groups were made. Each group contained 10 rats. Group A was a control group, group B received only berberis vulgaris fruit extract orally per day for 21 days, group C received Gentamicin 100 mg/kg/day intraperitonially daily for 21 days. Group D received Gentamicin 100 mg/kg/day intraperitonially along with berberis vulgaris fruit extract 100 mg/kg/day orally. Both kidneys were removed. H&E and PAS stains were used for observing histological alterations and protective role of berberis vulgaris fruit extract. Results: Glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubules were observed histologically in all 4 groups. Microscopy of group B showed parameters nearly similar to control group. Microscopy of group C showed significant derangement in all parameters when compared with control group. Group C showed decrease glomerular, proximal convoluted tubular count was noted. Glomerular diameter increases and there was glomerular hypertrophy and tubular necrosis. Microscopy of group D showed significant improvement due to berberis vulgaris which restored normal renal architecture. Conclusion: Berberis vulgaris has a nephroprotective effect and it can be used as a new medicine against nephrotoxic drugs like Gentamicin.

scholarly journals HYPERPLASTIC THYROID GLAND

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
ANWAAR HUSSAIN ◽  
Nabeela Kaukab ◽  
SAIF-U- DIN ◽  
Muhammad Ismail Ismail ◽  
KHALID MEHMOOD AKHTAR
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Thiourea Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim and Objective: The study was conducted to see the effects of dexamethasone (synthetic corticosteroid) on involution ofhyperplastic thyroid gland in albino rats, and to evaluate its uses in thyroid diseases. Study Design: Comparative histological study done inPostgraduate Medical Institute Lahore in 1998. Materials and methods: 54 adult male rats were taken and divided at random into control grouphaving 27 rats and experimental groups containing 27 rats. Control group was given normal diet along with 2 microgram of Potassium iodidefor 21 days while experimental groups further subdivided into group A having 3 rats and group B and C containing 12 rats each. All theexperimental groups were treated with Thiourea. Group A was sacrificed on day 22 after withdrawal of thiourea. Group B was given Potassiumiodide after stoppage of thiourea on day 21 and were sacrificed on days 22, 26, 30 and 50 in 4 sub groups (B1- B4). Group C was injectedDexamethasone daily from day 22 to day 50 and sacrificed on same days in 4 subgroups (C1-C2) to study involution process. Results:Histologically experimental group A exhibited significant increase in width and length of follicular cells lining the small sized follicles havingscanty colloid. The results of experimental subgroups B revealed early and complete involution whereas subgroups C showed significantlypersistent hyperplastic changes in the form of tall follicular cells lining small empty follicles. Conclusion: Thus it was concluded thatdexamehasone did retain hyperplastic changes during involution process, so steroid should consciously be used in thyroid diseases.

scholarly journals Doxorubicin Induced Histomorphometric Changes in the Kidney of Albino Rats and Protective Role of Nigella Sativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
Wazir Ahmed Baloch ◽  
Shahid Zafar ◽  
Ihsan Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Maher Sohail Yaseen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: Doxorubicin is presently a leading antineoplastic drug with promising efficacy. This study was designed to investigate the histological effects of doxorubicin toxicity on rat kidneys and how much protection is provided by Nigella Sativa. Materials & Methods: A randomized controlled trial conducted on thirty adult male wistar rats divided randomly into three equal groups. Group A served as a control. Group B was injected with weekly intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin at a dose of 3mg/kg b.w. Group C rats received doxorubicin along with nigella sativa at a dose of 1000mg/kg b.w. orally daily. At the end of these interventions, animals were sacrificed and kidneys were removed for the purpose of histological staining. Renal glomerular and tubules related histopathological parameters were assessed qualitatively as mild, moderate & severe. Renal glomerular diameter was digitally measured by microscope. Ethical approval was taken from Ethical Committee, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi. All the parameters were statistically analyzed. Results: Group B rats’ renal tissue was adversely affected by the drug showing marked necrosis of tubules and the glomeruli along with interstitial cells’ infiltration. Glomerular diameter was also significantly decreased in group B as compared to group A. These histological features in group C rats’ renal tissue were milder and glomerular diameter was close to that of group A. Conclusion: According to our study doxorubicin treatment proved noxious for the renal tissue, both tubules and glomeruli, while nigella sativa significantly competed against these pathological alterations.

scholarly journals Novel Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)-Releasing BW-HS-101 and Its Non-H2S Releasing Derivative in Modulation of Microscopic and Molecular Parameters of Gastric Mucosal Barrier

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5211
Author(s):  
Dominik Bakalarz ◽  
Edyta Korbut ◽  
Zhengnan Yuan ◽  
Bingchen Yu ◽  
Dagmara Wójcik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Dna Oxidation ◽  
Gastric Blood Flow ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Damage ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced molecule with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties. We aimed to investigate for the first time if a novel, esterase-sensitive H2S-prodrug, BW-HS-101 with the ability to release H2S in a controllable manner, prevents gastric mucosa against acetylsalicylic acid-induced gastropathy on microscopic and molecular levels. Wistar rats were pretreated intragastrically with vehicle, BW-HS-101 (0.5–50 μmol/kg) or its analogue without the ability to release H2S, BW-iHS-101 prior to ASA administration (125 mg/kg, intragastrically). BW-HS-101 was administered alone or in combination with nitroarginine (L-NNA, 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or zinc protoporphyrin IX (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Gastroprotective effects of BW-HS-101 were additionally evaluated against necrotic damage induced by intragastrical administration of 75% ethanol. Gastric mucosal damage was assessed microscopically, and gastric blood flow was determined by laser flowmetry. Gastric mucosal DNA oxidation and PGE2 concentration were assessed by ELISA. Serum and/or gastric protein concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, VEGF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and EGF were determined by a microbeads/fluorescent-based multiplex assay. Changes in gastric mucosal iNOS, HMOX-1, SOCS3, IL1-R1, IL1-R2, TNF-R2, COX-1, and COX-2 mRNA were assessed by real-time PCR. BW-HS-101 or BW-iHS-101 applied at a dose of 50 μmol/kg protected gastric mucosa against ASA-induced gastric damage and prevented a decrease in the gastric blood flow level. H2S prodrug decreased DNA oxidation, systemic and gastric mucosal inflammation with accompanied upregulation of SOCS3, and EGF and HMOX-1 expression. Pharmacological inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase but not carbon monoxide (CO)/heme oxygenase (HMOX) activity by L-NNA or ZnPP, respectively, reversed the gastroprotective effect of BW-HS-101. BW-HS-101 also protected against ethanol-induced gastric injury formation. We conclude that BW-HS-101, due to its ability to release H2S in a controllable manner, prevents gastric mucosa against drugs-induced gastropathy, inflammation and DNA oxidation, and upregulate gastric microcirculation. Gastroprotective effects of this H2S prodrug involves endogenous NO but not CO activity and could be mediated by cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory SOCS3 and EGF pathways.

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