scholarly journals Inimical Effects of Sodium Fluoride on Ovarian Weight and Relative Tissue Weight Index of Adult Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Tahira Athar ◽  
Muhammad Suhail ◽  
Javaid Iqbal ◽  
Tayyaba Muzaffar ◽  
Hina Majid
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Weight Index ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Group B

Objective: To determine the impacts of sodium fluoride on ovarian weight and relative tissue weight index (RTWI) of adult Wistar albino rats. Study Design: Comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: This experimental study was performed at the Department of Anatomy, at Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore from 25th November to 24th December 2016. Materials and Methods: Forty-four adult female albino Wistar rats were selected randomly for this study. They were segregated into 4 groups, each comprised of eleven rats. Group A was control, group B was low dose experimental, group C was medium dose experimental and group D was high dose experimental. The control group received distilled water whereas low, medium and high dose experimental groups received 100mg/L, 200mg/L and 300mg/L sodium fluoride solution respectively. The animals were weighed before and after experiment. At 31st and 32nd day, dissection was done, ovaries were removed and evaluated for ovarian tissue weight and RTWI. Results: The mean weight and RTWI of paired ovaries among the experimental groups were decreased. The differences among groups were statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study confirms that sodium fluoride has detrimental dose dependent effects on ovarian weight and RTWI of adult albino rats.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activity of acacia catechu-bark aqueous solution in aspirin induced gastric ulcer in rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5649
Author(s):  
Uzma Waseem ◽  
Syeda Rizwana Jafri ◽  
Sarah Khalid ◽  
Fauzia Qureshi ◽  
Nadia Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group B ◽  
Acacia Catechu

Background: Aspirin is amongst the most widely used drugs and has many adverse effects on gastric mucosa. Anti-inflammatory properties of Acacia catechu have been established already. Objective was to evaluate the histopathological changes induced by aspirin in the stomach of albino rats and to assess the protective effect of different doses of Acacia catechu.Methods: Experimental study Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore for 21 days. Forty-eight adult albino rats, both males and female, were divided into four groups A, B, C and D randomly; each comprising of 12 rats. Group A was control, group B was given aspirin 100 mg/kg and group C and D were given aspirin 100 mg/kg along with Acacia catechu 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively by oral route. The rats from individual group were sacrificed on 3rd day, 7th day and 14th day and stomachs were examined under light microscope to observe the inflammatory cells infiltration.Results: Gross and microscopic findings on days 3, 7 and 14 were similar. Control groups A1, A2 and A3 showed normal healthy gastric mucosa and the least number of inflammatory cells. In group B, aspirin produced ulcerations and linear breaks; with highest inflammatory infiltrates. On microscopic examination, numerous inflammatory cells were noted. Group C and D rats had minimum ulcer index and fewer inflammatory cells.Conclusions: Acacia catechu has protective role against gastric injury by inhibiting inflammation. 

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Ocimum basilicum Against Atrophic Changes in Graafian Follicles in Cyclophosphamide Induced Ovarian Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Saba Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Natural Herb

Introduction: Cyclophosphamide is one of the alkylating chemotherapeutic drug used in cancer patients that has antifertility effects on female gonads. Ocimum basilicum is a natural herb rich in polyphenols and is known to improve fertility. Aims & Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the role of natural herb, Ocimum basilicum extract, as a preventive agent against ovarian follicular toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide. Place and duration of study: This experimental study was performed in the Department of Anatomy, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore. The duration of study was 8 months. Material & Methods: 45 female albino rats were divided equally in control group A, experimental group B and group C each contained 15 rats. Group A rats received single dose of 150 mg/kg normal saline intraperitoneally on 8th day of experiment, while group B was given single intraperitoneal dose of 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide at day 8 of experiment. Group C rats were pretreated with methanolic basil (Ocimum basilicum) seeds extract for 7 days followed by single intraperitoneal dose of 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide at day 8 of experiment. All the rats were dissected 48 hours after the last dose. Results: Graafian follicles were atrophied showing atretic granulosa cells in group B when compared with control group A with p value <0.001. However, significant improvement in status of Graafian follicles was observed in group C, when compared with group B with p value <0.025. Conclusion: This study depicts that basil seeds extract can prevent the cellular toxicity in Graafian follicles caused by cyclophosphamide treatment. So the use of basil seeds during chemotherapy can significantly limit its toxic effects on Graafian follicles.

scholarly journals HYPERPLASTIC THYROID G1AND

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 564-573
Author(s):  
ANWAAR HUSSAIN ◽  
SAIF-U- DIN ◽  
KHALID MEHMOOD AKHTAR ◽  
Nabeela Kaukab
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Thiourea Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim and Objective: The study was conducted to see the vascular and follicular changes induced by dexamethasone (syntheticcorticosteroid) during involution of hyperplastic thyroid gland in albino rats. Study Design: A comparative histological study done in PostGraduate Medical Institute Lahore in 1998 Procedure: 54 adult rats were taken and divided at random into two control groups having 27 ratsand experimental groups containing 27 rats. Control group was given normal diet along with 2 microgram of Potassium iodide intraperitonealyfor 21 days while experimental groups further subdivided into group A having 3 rats and group B and C containing 12 rats each. All theexperimental groups were treated with Thiourea for 21 days. Group A was sacrificed on day 22 after withdrawal of thiourea. Group B was givenPotassium iodide intraperitonealy after stoppage of TU on day 21 and were sacrificed on days 22,26,30 and 50 in 4 sub groups (B1-B4) tostudy the involution process. Group C was injected dexamethasone from 22 to 50 days after withdrawal of TU and sacrificed on same daysin 4 subgroups (C1-C4) as sub groups B. Results: The results of experimental group. A showed increase in thyroid and relative tissue weight.Histologically this group exhibited significant increase in stromal congestion with tall follicular cells lining the small sized follicles having scantycolloid. The results of experimental groups B and C demonstrated increase in thyroid and relative tissue weight but microscopically subgroupsB revealed early and complete involution whereas subgroups C showed significantly persistent hyperplastic changes in the form of stromalcongestion, vessels wall remained well defined and tall follicular cells lining small empty follicles. Conclusion: It was concluded thatdexamehasone did retain hyperplastic changes during involution evident by stromal congestion and small sized regular follicle lined by tallfollicular cells, so it should be carefully used in thyroid diseases.

Ajwa Date Fruit Extract Ameliorates the Effects of Alcohol on Weight of Liver in Male Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1810-1812
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Rifat Shamim ◽  
Nighat Ara ◽  
Fauzia Siraj ◽  
Attya Zaheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Date Fruit ◽  
Group B

Background: Liver injuries induced by different toxic substances have been recognized as one of the great toxicological problem for years. However, there are a lot of herbal medicines existing to compensate these disorders.Alcohols are one of the most important organic compounds in different areas of our daily lives. The health benefits of Ajwa Date Fruit Extract are well documented in literature. Objective: To determine the effect of alcohol on weight of liver and possible protective role of Ajwa date fruit extract (ADFE) in adult male albino rats. Study Design:Experimental Study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore from 1st October 2018 to 31st March 2019. Methodology: Twenty four adult male albino rats were used in this research and divided into the 4 groups A, B, C and D having 6 rats in each group. Group A was designated as control group;group B received ethanol 3g/kg/day of 40% v/v prepared in distilled water; group C received ethanol and ADFE1g/kg/day and group D received ethanol and ADFE 2g/kg/day by oral gavage once daily for 28 days.The 100% pure alcohol was dissolved in distilled water for preparation of 40% alcohol. Dates palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits washed with tap water and removed the seeds. The extract of the date fruits made by adding distilled water to date fruit (3:1) and leaving for 48 hours in refrigerator (4°C). Results: The increase in mean weight of liver in group B on 29th day of experiment were statistically significant (p=0.001) in comparison with the control. The mean weight of liver was decreased significantly after 28 days of experiment in experimental groups C and D. Conclusions: Alcohol administration in the male albino rats significantly increase their weight of liver which was improved by the use of ADFE. Key words: Alcohol, Ajwa date fruit extract, Rats

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Serum Cystatin C, Serum Electrolytes, Urea and Creatinine in Early Detection of Kidney Injuries in Albino Rats Exposed to Formaldehyde

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Michael Chinedu Olisah ◽  
◽  
Samuel C. Meludu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cystatin C ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim: To ascertain early detection of possible kidney injuries in albino rats exposed to formaldehyde by assessing cystatin C, serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. Materials/Methods: Thirty healthy adult male albino rats, weighing between 100 to 120 grams were randomly divided into three groups A, B and C. Group A served as control. Group B was exposed to low dose (100ppm of Formaldehyde), 3 hrs per day for four weeks, while group C was exposed to high Dose-200ppm of formaldehyde 3 hrs per day for four weeks. At the end of the exposure period, the rats were sacrificed by decapitation under chloroform anesthesia, and 4 ml of blood samples was collected from each rat into a plain bottle. The whole blood was allowed to clot, retracted and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and serum separated. The serum was stored at -20˚C until analyses for serum electrolytes, creatinine and cystatin C. Serum electrolytes were determined using Ion selective electrode, urea and creatinine were determined using spectrophotometric methods while cystatin C was analyzed using Eliza. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS. Results: The concentrations of the serum electrolytes, sodium. Potassium, bicarbonate and chloride were compared across the three group, they were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Urea was significantly higher in group C when compared with low dose B and control group A (P<0.05). Also, when the low dose group B was compared with the high dose group C, it was statistically significant. Creatinine concentrations were significantly higher in group C when compared with the control group A, while group B was not significant when compared with group A. Finally, the cystatin C concentrations were also significant when groups B, C were compared with the control group. Conclusion: Formaldehyde exposures may induce a gradual deterioration of renal functions in chronically exposed albino rats. Serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine may not be sufficient to indicate an early signs of kidney damage. From the study, serum cystatin C may be a better marker of renal impairment in early stages.

scholarly journals HYPERPLASTIC THYROID GLAND

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
ANWAAR HUSSAIN ◽  
Nabeela Kaukab ◽  
SAIF-U- DIN ◽  
Muhammad Ismail Ismail ◽  
KHALID MEHMOOD AKHTAR
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Thiourea Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim and Objective: The study was conducted to see the effects of dexamethasone (synthetic corticosteroid) on involution ofhyperplastic thyroid gland in albino rats, and to evaluate its uses in thyroid diseases. Study Design: Comparative histological study done inPostgraduate Medical Institute Lahore in 1998. Materials and methods: 54 adult male rats were taken and divided at random into control grouphaving 27 rats and experimental groups containing 27 rats. Control group was given normal diet along with 2 microgram of Potassium iodidefor 21 days while experimental groups further subdivided into group A having 3 rats and group B and C containing 12 rats each. All theexperimental groups were treated with Thiourea. Group A was sacrificed on day 22 after withdrawal of thiourea. Group B was given Potassiumiodide after stoppage of thiourea on day 21 and were sacrificed on days 22, 26, 30 and 50 in 4 sub groups (B1- B4). Group C was injectedDexamethasone daily from day 22 to day 50 and sacrificed on same days in 4 subgroups (C1-C2) to study involution process. Results:Histologically experimental group A exhibited significant increase in width and length of follicular cells lining the small sized follicles havingscanty colloid. The results of experimental subgroups B revealed early and complete involution whereas subgroups C showed significantlypersistent hyperplastic changes in the form of tall follicular cells lining small empty follicles. Conclusion: Thus it was concluded thatdexamehasone did retain hyperplastic changes during involution process, so steroid should consciously be used in thyroid diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of monosodium glutamate on liver of adult albino rats: a light microscopic study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1442
Author(s):  
Prenika Shangloo ◽  
Midhat Syed ◽  
Sangeeta Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) or Aji-no-moto is the common flavouring agent which is inadvertently used in all the packed and ready to use food items. Its use has grabbed the attention with reporting of Chinese restaurant syndrome and many more side effects. This flavouring agent effects almost all the organs of the human body but the statistics regarding its ill effects are very limited, thus no objections are being raised for its use in eatables. In current study we planned to analyse the pathological effects of MSG on the liver of adult albino rats.Methods: The study was conducted on 18 inbred adult albino rats of either sex. The rats of control group (A) received only standard diet with distilled water, low dose test group (B) rats received 0.5 mg/kg of MSG dissolved in distilled water and high dose test group (C) rats received 1.5 mg/kg of MSG dissolved in distilled water per orally for 28 days. After the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed to dissect out the liver tissue which was later subjected to histological processing and tissue sectioning.Results: The liver tissue sections of the control group (A) revealed normal hepatic architecture with central veins located in the centre of the hepatic lobule and portal areas containing portal triad formed by portal venule, hepatic arteriole and bile ductile. On the other hand, the liver sections of low dose group (B) exhibited pathological changes in the form of dilated and congested central vein with sinusoidal dilatation. In high dose group (C), more marked pathological changes seen in group B along with dilatation of the portal vein was also seen.Conclusions: MSG is most widely used food additive whose safe limits for use need to be scrutinized. The current study was planned to access the minimal low dose limit of MSG for use. The observations of the afore mentioned study revealed that even small dose of MSG of 0.5 mg/kg is capable of producing pathological effects in liver which is the main site of metabolism of xenobiotics

Hepatoprotective Role of Propolis Extract to Prevent Hepatotoxic Effects of ATT in patients with Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2867-2869
Author(s):  
Asma Arshad ◽  
Saira Munawar ◽  
Rabia Sajjad Toor ◽  
Saba Saleem ◽  
Kanwal Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Dose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Measured Weight ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of propolis in hepatocytes injury caused by ATT due to isoniazid and rifampicin. Methods: Healthy albino rats of with average weight of 200-250g were under this study. These rats dividing into main four groups, A group is taken a control group and then further into the group B, group C, and group D as group for experiments. The control group had 15 rats with measured weight, they were given distilled water. Group B had 15 rats, they were given with standard dose of rifampicin and isoniazid. Group c had 15 rats, they were also given with standard dose of rifampicin and isoniazid. Group D had 15 rats, they were given with standard dose of rifampicin and isoniazid and also extract of the propolis we prepared. Results: Serum ALT in the experimental group B with group C, group D were also found to be of statistically significant with p-value < 0.001. ALT serum level observed high in group B. Multiple comparison between groups revealed that group B with a significantly increase in the serum enzyme AST level in comparison to group A, group C and group D with p-value <0.001. Conclusion: This study showed that ethanolic extract of propolis prevents isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in the albino rats. Key words; Propolis, Anti-tuberculosis treatment, Hepato-toxicity.

To Study the Deteriorating Effects of Lithium Carbonate on Thyroid Gland - A Study in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3292-3293
Author(s):  
Tazeen Kohari ◽  
Zaffar Iqbal Malik ◽  
Aftab Ahmad ◽  
Rana M. Asad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: The human thyroid gland is located in the front of neck. It consists of two lobes. The two lobes are joined with each other by isthmus. The mood stabilizer Lithium Caronate has deleterious effects on the thyroid gland. Aim: To observe and report the data of the harmful effect of Lithium on the weight changes of thyroid gland. Methods: Sixteen rats were selected for this experimental study. The rodents were divided into two groups. Group A comprised of eight animals which were given laboratory diet, Group B contained eight albinos who were given Tablet Lithium Carbonate in powder form at a dose of 60 mg/day for four weeks. After completion of the study time animals were sacrificed and thyroid gland weight were recorded and compared in both groups. Results: The results in both groups were recorded and compared .It was reported that Group B animals had a highly significantly decreased thyroid weight after four weeks Lithium ingestion than Group A control group. Conclusion: The results of our study concluded that Lithium Carbonate damages thyroid glandular tissue and causes its weight to decline. Key words: Thyroid gland, Isthmus, deteriorating

scholarly journals Ajwa Improves Nicotine Induced Ovarian Toxicity in Murine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Faeza Rauf ◽  
Muhammad Suhail ◽  
Tayyaba Muzaffar ◽  
Javaid Iqbal ◽  
Sadia Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Ovarian Toxicity ◽  
Gastric Intubation ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: Nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, alters ovarian function and Ajwa (Phoenix dactylifera) being an antioxidant prevents its toxicity. Aims & Objectives: This experimental study was designed to evaluate protective effect of Ajwa against ovarian toxicity induced by nicotine in adult albino rats. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore for duration of 3 months (January 2017-March 2017). Material & Methods: 40 adult female albino rats were divided into four equal groups. 1ml distilled water was given to the rats of control (A) group by gastric intubation, experimental group B was given nicotine injection intraperitoneally (0.1 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. The rats of experimental group C were given Ajwa fruit extract 1gm/kg body weight daily by gastric intubation, while rats of experimental group D were given 0.1mg/kg body weight nicotine intraperitoneally plus 1gm/kg body weight Ajwa fruit extract by gastric intubation for 28 days. Results: In group B, secondary and Graafian follicles were mostly atrophic, degeneration of granulosa cells, pyknotic nuclei and stromal vacuolization were present. Zona pellucida was torn and irregular. Mean diameters of secondary and Graafian follicles were significantly lower in nicotine group B (p-value<0-001*). Experimental group C revealed normal histological architecture and diameter of ovarian follicles. Near normal restoration of follicular structure was seen in group D. Conclusion: Ajwa fruit extract is counterbalancing for nicotine induced oxidative stress in ovarian follicles of rat, so it may be useful to improve infertility or sub-fertility induced by smoking in females.

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