scholarly journals HYPERPLASTIC THYROID GLAND

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
ANWAAR HUSSAIN ◽  
Nabeela Kaukab ◽  
SAIF-U- DIN ◽  
Muhammad Ismail Ismail ◽  
KHALID MEHMOOD AKHTAR
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Thiourea Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim and Objective: The study was conducted to see the effects of dexamethasone (synthetic corticosteroid) on involution ofhyperplastic thyroid gland in albino rats, and to evaluate its uses in thyroid diseases. Study Design: Comparative histological study done inPostgraduate Medical Institute Lahore in 1998. Materials and methods: 54 adult male rats were taken and divided at random into control grouphaving 27 rats and experimental groups containing 27 rats. Control group was given normal diet along with 2 microgram of Potassium iodidefor 21 days while experimental groups further subdivided into group A having 3 rats and group B and C containing 12 rats each. All theexperimental groups were treated with Thiourea. Group A was sacrificed on day 22 after withdrawal of thiourea. Group B was given Potassiumiodide after stoppage of thiourea on day 21 and were sacrificed on days 22, 26, 30 and 50 in 4 sub groups (B1- B4). Group C was injectedDexamethasone daily from day 22 to day 50 and sacrificed on same days in 4 subgroups (C1-C2) to study involution process. Results:Histologically experimental group A exhibited significant increase in width and length of follicular cells lining the small sized follicles havingscanty colloid. The results of experimental subgroups B revealed early and complete involution whereas subgroups C showed significantlypersistent hyperplastic changes in the form of tall follicular cells lining small empty follicles. Conclusion: Thus it was concluded thatdexamehasone did retain hyperplastic changes during involution process, so steroid should consciously be used in thyroid diseases.

scholarly journals HYPERPLASTIC THYROID G1AND

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 564-573
Author(s):  
ANWAAR HUSSAIN ◽  
SAIF-U- DIN ◽  
KHALID MEHMOOD AKHTAR ◽  
Nabeela Kaukab
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Thiourea Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim and Objective: The study was conducted to see the vascular and follicular changes induced by dexamethasone (syntheticcorticosteroid) during involution of hyperplastic thyroid gland in albino rats. Study Design: A comparative histological study done in PostGraduate Medical Institute Lahore in 1998 Procedure: 54 adult rats were taken and divided at random into two control groups having 27 ratsand experimental groups containing 27 rats. Control group was given normal diet along with 2 microgram of Potassium iodide intraperitonealyfor 21 days while experimental groups further subdivided into group A having 3 rats and group B and C containing 12 rats each. All theexperimental groups were treated with Thiourea for 21 days. Group A was sacrificed on day 22 after withdrawal of thiourea. Group B was givenPotassium iodide intraperitonealy after stoppage of TU on day 21 and were sacrificed on days 22,26,30 and 50 in 4 sub groups (B1-B4) tostudy the involution process. Group C was injected dexamethasone from 22 to 50 days after withdrawal of TU and sacrificed on same daysin 4 subgroups (C1-C4) as sub groups B. Results: The results of experimental group. A showed increase in thyroid and relative tissue weight.Histologically this group exhibited significant increase in stromal congestion with tall follicular cells lining the small sized follicles having scantycolloid. The results of experimental groups B and C demonstrated increase in thyroid and relative tissue weight but microscopically subgroupsB revealed early and complete involution whereas subgroups C showed significantly persistent hyperplastic changes in the form of stromalcongestion, vessels wall remained well defined and tall follicular cells lining small empty follicles. Conclusion: It was concluded thatdexamehasone did retain hyperplastic changes during involution evident by stromal congestion and small sized regular follicle lined by tallfollicular cells, so it should be carefully used in thyroid diseases.

To Study the Deteriorating Effects of Lithium Carbonate on Thyroid Gland - A Study in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3292-3293
Author(s):  
Tazeen Kohari ◽  
Zaffar Iqbal Malik ◽  
Aftab Ahmad ◽  
Rana M. Asad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: The human thyroid gland is located in the front of neck. It consists of two lobes. The two lobes are joined with each other by isthmus. The mood stabilizer Lithium Caronate has deleterious effects on the thyroid gland. Aim: To observe and report the data of the harmful effect of Lithium on the weight changes of thyroid gland. Methods: Sixteen rats were selected for this experimental study. The rodents were divided into two groups. Group A comprised of eight animals which were given laboratory diet, Group B contained eight albinos who were given Tablet Lithium Carbonate in powder form at a dose of 60 mg/day for four weeks. After completion of the study time animals were sacrificed and thyroid gland weight were recorded and compared in both groups. Results: The results in both groups were recorded and compared .It was reported that Group B animals had a highly significantly decreased thyroid weight after four weeks Lithium ingestion than Group A control group. Conclusion: The results of our study concluded that Lithium Carbonate damages thyroid glandular tissue and causes its weight to decline. Key words: Thyroid gland, Isthmus, deteriorating

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Ocimum basilicum Against Atrophic Changes in Graafian Follicles in Cyclophosphamide Induced Ovarian Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Saba Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Natural Herb

Introduction: Cyclophosphamide is one of the alkylating chemotherapeutic drug used in cancer patients that has antifertility effects on female gonads. Ocimum basilicum is a natural herb rich in polyphenols and is known to improve fertility. Aims & Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the role of natural herb, Ocimum basilicum extract, as a preventive agent against ovarian follicular toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide. Place and duration of study: This experimental study was performed in the Department of Anatomy, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore. The duration of study was 8 months. Material & Methods: 45 female albino rats were divided equally in control group A, experimental group B and group C each contained 15 rats. Group A rats received single dose of 150 mg/kg normal saline intraperitoneally on 8th day of experiment, while group B was given single intraperitoneal dose of 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide at day 8 of experiment. Group C rats were pretreated with methanolic basil (Ocimum basilicum) seeds extract for 7 days followed by single intraperitoneal dose of 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide at day 8 of experiment. All the rats were dissected 48 hours after the last dose. Results: Graafian follicles were atrophied showing atretic granulosa cells in group B when compared with control group A with p value <0.001. However, significant improvement in status of Graafian follicles was observed in group C, when compared with group B with p value <0.025. Conclusion: This study depicts that basil seeds extract can prevent the cellular toxicity in Graafian follicles caused by cyclophosphamide treatment. So the use of basil seeds during chemotherapy can significantly limit its toxic effects on Graafian follicles.

scholarly journals Study the Effects of Formaldehyde and Xylene Vapor on Lung and Testicular Tissue with Sperm Morphology of Adult Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Trefa F. Ismail ◽  
Galawezh O. Othman ◽  
Naznaz H. Othman ◽  
Ban A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Formalin is widely used chemical substance in industry and medicine (as tissue fixative and disinfectant). It contains reactive molecules which have been known for its cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, xylene used in histological techniques during preparation of tissue and has different toxic effects on tissues. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of formaldehyde and xylene inhalation on albino rat’s lung and testes. Fifteen adult male rats were used in this study; the rats were divided randomly into three groups (A, B, and C). Group (A) comprises the control group, whereas the rats in the Group (B) were exposed to 10% formaldehyde vapor and the rats from Group (C) were exposed to xylene vapor for 4 h/day for 5 days/week for 1 month. Histological alterations were observed in the lung of formalin and xylene exposed rats manifested by lymphatic infiltration, emphysema, congestion, dilation of blood vessels, and alveolar sac and also thinning in the wall of alveolar bronchiole. On the other hand, formaldehyde and xylene affected the testes tissue of treated rats including atrophy in the seminiferous tubule cells, edematous connective tissue, degenerative of spermatogenesis, depletion in germinal layer, existing of vacuoles in the seminiferous tubules, and decrease in the number of sperms in the lumen of seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, sperms abnormalities were seen. The data of our study concluded that inhalation the vapor of formaldehyde and xylene has degenerative effects on lungs and testes of the experimental rats as well as affecting on the spermatocytes and increased the frequency of sperm abnormalities.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activity of acacia catechu-bark aqueous solution in aspirin induced gastric ulcer in rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5649
Author(s):  
Uzma Waseem ◽  
Syeda Rizwana Jafri ◽  
Sarah Khalid ◽  
Fauzia Qureshi ◽  
Nadia Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group B ◽  
Acacia Catechu

Background: Aspirin is amongst the most widely used drugs and has many adverse effects on gastric mucosa. Anti-inflammatory properties of Acacia catechu have been established already. Objective was to evaluate the histopathological changes induced by aspirin in the stomach of albino rats and to assess the protective effect of different doses of Acacia catechu.Methods: Experimental study Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore for 21 days. Forty-eight adult albino rats, both males and female, were divided into four groups A, B, C and D randomly; each comprising of 12 rats. Group A was control, group B was given aspirin 100 mg/kg and group C and D were given aspirin 100 mg/kg along with Acacia catechu 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively by oral route. The rats from individual group were sacrificed on 3rd day, 7th day and 14th day and stomachs were examined under light microscope to observe the inflammatory cells infiltration.Results: Gross and microscopic findings on days 3, 7 and 14 were similar. Control groups A1, A2 and A3 showed normal healthy gastric mucosa and the least number of inflammatory cells. In group B, aspirin produced ulcerations and linear breaks; with highest inflammatory infiltrates. On microscopic examination, numerous inflammatory cells were noted. Group C and D rats had minimum ulcer index and fewer inflammatory cells.Conclusions: Acacia catechu has protective role against gastric injury by inhibiting inflammation. 

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of the Methanol Extract of Napoleonae imperialis Leaves against Methotrexate-induced Renal Damage in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
O. J. Mba ◽  
G. S. Aloh ◽  
E. N. Uhuo
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of methanol extract of Napoleonae imperialis leaves against methotrexate renal damage in albino rats. Methodology: Thirty (30) male albino rats of mean weight 130 g were used for this study. The animals for the study were grouped into five (5) of six (6) rats each. Group A (normal control) received feed and water only and Group B (positive control) was induced with methotrexate without treatment. Test groups (C and D) were orally given 250 mg and 500 mg/kg b.wt of leaves extract, and group E was orally given the extract only (500 mg/kg b.wt) respectively for 14 days. All the rats used in this study were initially subjected to renal damage using 0.5 ml/kg of methotrexate except the normal control group. The rats were sacrificed after 14 days and the blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, Results: From the result obtained, there was a significant (p< 0.05) decrease in the groups that received 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg b.wt of the plant extract in (Urea, Creatinine and Na+), and a significant increase (p< 0.05) in K+ and Cl-. Also there was a significant (p< 0.05) decrease in (Urea, Creatinine, and Na+) in comparison with the control groups and the group that received the extract only (500 mg/kg b.wt), and a significant increase (p< 0.05) in (K+ and Na+). Conclusion: The study indicates that the methanol extract of Napoleonae imperialis leaves may have exerted renal functioning effects in albino rats, and may also be used pharmacologically in the management of organ toxicity.

scholarly journals Curative Effects of Ethanol Extract of Prosopis Farcta (Syrian Mesquite) Against Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Male Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Kowan M. Ahmed ◽  
Sarbast A. Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Prosopis Farcta ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The present study was designed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of Prosopis farcta (P. farcta) ethanol fruit extract in ethylene glycol (EG) induced urolithiasis in male albino rats. Lithiasis was induced by oral administration of EG 1% in male albino rats for 28 days. Seventy eight male albino rats weighing 250-300g were used and divided into six experimental groups. Group A is a control group received standard rat chow and tap water ad libitum, while, rest of groups namely group B, C, D, E, F animals received 1% EG in water for 28 days, then from day 15 to day 28 in addition to EG administration, group C received cystone, group D, E and F received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) of ethanol fruit extract of P. farcta respectively. On day 28, blood was collected for serum biochemical (serum uric acid, creatinine, urea, electrolytes measurements, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) determinations. While urine was collected to microscopic analysis of formed crystals besides the kidney weight/ B.W. ratio and B.W. gain/ loss values were determined. Intermediate dose (200mg/kg B.W.) of P. farcta extract significantly decreased serum creatinine, urea, MDA and non-significantly recovered SOD toward control value in group E as compared to group B, also significant elevation in kidney weight/ B.W. ratio and reduction in B.W. gains in group B occurred as compared with group A. In conclusion: P. farcta fruit extract has potentially therapeutic effects on EG induced kidney stone which can be used as effective antiurolithiatic agent rather than cystone.

Protective Effect of Thyroxine on Minocycline Induced Thyroid Gland Damage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahira Assad
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Thyroxine has shown beneficial effects on intelligence, learning, and memory process in patients of congenital hypothyroidism. Minocycline has been used in clinical practice for various indications and reported to have anti-thyroid effects. This study was specifically designed to observe the role of thyroxine on minocycline induced damage to thyroid gland. Methods: This experimental study was undertaken at Anatomy department of BMSI, JPMC, Karachi, for eight weeks, from October to November 2019. Thirty adult (10-12 months) male guinea pigs, weighing from 450-650 gm were obtained and divided into 3 groups. Group A served as control, group B was given Minocycline 0.02mg/gram/day once daily and group C was administered Minocycline in similar amount as group B along with thyroxine 0.5µg/gram/day for the same duration. Dosing was continued for 8 weeks, at the completion of which all the animals were sacrificed. Thyroid gland was processed and tissue sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin for morphology. Results: The absolute weight of thyroid gland was significantly increased (p<0.001) in minocycline treated group B animals compared to the control animals, whereas substantial decrease (p<0.01) in absolute weight of thyroid gland was witnessed in group C in comparison to group B animals. The follicular cells showed hypertrophy and shrinkage of colloid in the thyroid follicles. These changes were prevented when animals were co-administered with thyroxine and minocycline in Group C. Conclusion: Concomitant administration of thyroxine with the antimicrobial drug minocycline showed protective effects of thyroxine on Minocycline induced damage to thyroid gland of animals.

scholarly journals CELECOXIB

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Sadia Sundus ◽  
Nazia Qamar ◽  
Raheela Adil ◽  
Muhammad Faisal Fahim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
General Architecture

Objective: To observe the absolute, relative weight of kidney and body weightof albino rats on celecoxib induced kidney with protection by lycopene. Study Design:Experimental study. Place and Duration of study: This study was conducted in BMSI (Anatomydepartment), JPMC, Karachi, from 4th May 2015 to 3rd June 2015. Materials and Methods: Fortyhealthy adult, male Albino rats, 90-120 days old, weighing 200-220gm was taken for the study.The rats were divided into 4 groups, Group A was control group, Group B receive Celecoxib 50mg/kg body weight orally, Group C receive Celecoxib 50 mg/kg body weight orally along withlycopene50 mg/kg body weight orally and Group D receive lycopene 50 mg/kg body weightorally for 30 days. At the end of study rats were sacrificed and renal tissue sections were stainedwith hematoxylin and eosin. Results: Markedly decreased weight was observed in rats takingcelecoxib. Slides which were stained with hematoxylin and eosinshowed general architecture ofrenal parenchyma, shape and arrangement of epithelial cells. Apoptosis, hemorrhage, necrosisand vacuolation seen in Celecoxib group, whereas renal architecture were ameliorated andreverted back in celecoxib along with lycopene receiving group. Conclusion: This studyconcludes that lycopene restored the body weight, absolute and relative kidney weight incelecoxib treated group.

Ajwa Date Fruit Extract Ameliorates the Effects of Alcohol on Weight of Liver in Male Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1810-1812
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Rifat Shamim ◽  
Nighat Ara ◽  
Fauzia Siraj ◽  
Attya Zaheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Date Fruit ◽  
Group B

Background: Liver injuries induced by different toxic substances have been recognized as one of the great toxicological problem for years. However, there are a lot of herbal medicines existing to compensate these disorders.Alcohols are one of the most important organic compounds in different areas of our daily lives. The health benefits of Ajwa Date Fruit Extract are well documented in literature. Objective: To determine the effect of alcohol on weight of liver and possible protective role of Ajwa date fruit extract (ADFE) in adult male albino rats. Study Design:Experimental Study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore from 1st October 2018 to 31st March 2019. Methodology: Twenty four adult male albino rats were used in this research and divided into the 4 groups A, B, C and D having 6 rats in each group. Group A was designated as control group;group B received ethanol 3g/kg/day of 40% v/v prepared in distilled water; group C received ethanol and ADFE1g/kg/day and group D received ethanol and ADFE 2g/kg/day by oral gavage once daily for 28 days.The 100% pure alcohol was dissolved in distilled water for preparation of 40% alcohol. Dates palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits washed with tap water and removed the seeds. The extract of the date fruits made by adding distilled water to date fruit (3:1) and leaving for 48 hours in refrigerator (4°C). Results: The increase in mean weight of liver in group B on 29th day of experiment were statistically significant (p=0.001) in comparison with the control. The mean weight of liver was decreased significantly after 28 days of experiment in experimental groups C and D. Conclusions: Alcohol administration in the male albino rats significantly increase their weight of liver which was improved by the use of ADFE. Key words: Alcohol, Ajwa date fruit extract, Rats

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document