Effect of aging and signal frequencies on masking level differences

Background: The typical masking level differences (MLD) paradigm involves homophasic and antiphasic masking conditions. Objectives of the study were to develop homophasic and antiphasic stimulus, to find out the effect of signal frequency, of age on MLD when all the antiphasic conditions are compared to the homophasic S0N0 and SπNπ condition and to find out effect of interaural time delay of stimulus on aging.Methods: 90 participants were divided into 3 groups of young adults, early presbycusic adults and geriatric presbycusic adults. Various stimuli were developed and presented. The MLD were using homophasic and antiphasic stimuli at 4 frequencies 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz. Subsequently these were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and paired t test.Results: All the conditions used in the study had some condition with and without significant differences. However, at 500 Hz in S0N0 homophasic condition all four antiphasic conditions among groups and MLD and Interaural time delay between groups showed significant differences were present.Conclusions: From these findings, the best frequency is 500 Hz as the homophasic S0N0 baseline condition. A significant difference between the groups indicated presence of age-related effect on MLD and interaural time delay, suggesting that age related changes can be observed in the binaural hearing and temporal processing of the signals and can be measured using MLD.

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Age-related positivity effect on behavioural responses of dogs to human vocalisations

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56636-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Iris Smit ◽

Dora Szabo ◽

Enikő Kubinyi

Keyword(s):

Emotional Processing ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Attention And Memory ◽

Positivity Effect ◽

Behavioural Responses ◽

Fundamental Frequencies ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Brain ◽

Age Related Changes

AbstractAge-related changes in the brain can alter how emotions are processed. In humans, valence specific changes in attention and memory were reported with increasing age, i.e. older people are less attentive toward and experience fewer negative emotions, while processing of positive emotions remains intact. Little is yet known about this “positivity effect” in non-human animals. We tested young (n = 21, 1–5 years) and old (n = 19, >10 years) family dogs with positive (laugh), negative (cry), and neutral (hiccup, cough) human vocalisations and investigated age-related differences in their behavioural reactions. Only dogs with intact hearing were analysed and the selected sound samples were balanced regarding mean and fundamental frequencies between valence categories. Compared to young dogs, old individuals reacted slower only to the negative sounds and there was no significant difference in the duration of the reactions between groups. The selective response of the aged dogs to the sound stimuli suggests that the results cannot be explained by general cognitive and/or perceptual decline. and supports the presence of an age-related positivity effect in dogs, too. Similarities in emotional processing between humans and dogs may imply analogous changes in subcortical emotional processing in the canine brain during ageing.

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Age-related changes in auditory temporal processing.

Psychology and Aging ◽

10.1037/0882-7974.4.2.144 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 144-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Donald A. Robin ◽

Fred L. Royer

Keyword(s):

Temporal Processing ◽

Auditory Temporal Processing ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Related Changes

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Age-related changes in auditory temporal processing in the rat

Experimental Gerontology ◽

10.1016/j.exger.2011.05.004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 739-746 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Daniel Šuta ◽

Natalia Rybalko ◽

Jana Pelánová ◽

Jiří Popelář ◽

Josef Syka

Keyword(s):

Temporal Processing ◽

Auditory Temporal Processing ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Related Changes

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Explicit and implicit timing in healthy and pathological aging: Disentangling the role of age and cognitive functioning in temporal processing

10.31234/osf.io/wrfhc ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mariagrazia Capizzi ◽

Antonino Visalli ◽

Alessio Faralli ◽

Giovanna Mioni

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Temporal Processing ◽

Cognitive Aging ◽

Explicit Timing ◽

Pathological Aging ◽

Implicit Timing ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Related Changes

This study aimed to test two common explanations for the general finding of age-related changes in temporal processing. The first one is that older adults have a real difficulty in processing temporal information as compared to younger adults. The second one is that older adults perform poorly on timing tasks because of their reduced cognitive functioning. These explanations have been mostly contrasted in explicit timing tasks, where participants are overtly informed about the temporal nature of the task. Fewer studies have instead focused on age-related differences in implicit timing tasks, where no explicit instructions to process time are provided. Moreover, the comparison of both explicit and implicit timing in older adults has been restricted to healthy aging only. Here, a large sample (N= 85) of healthy and pathological older participants completed explicit (time bisection) and implicit (foreperiod) timing tasks. Participants’ age and general cognitive functioning, measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), were used as continuous variables to explain performance on explicit and implicit timing tasks. Results showed a clear dissociation between the effects of healthy cognitive aging and pathological cognitive decline on processing of explicit and implicit timing. Whereas age and cognitive decline similarly impaired the non-temporal cognitive processes (e.g., memory for and/or attention to durations) involved in explicit temporal judgements, processing of implicit timing survived normal age-related changes. These findings carry important theoretical and practical implications by providing the first experimental evidence that processing of implicit, but not explicit, timing is differentially affected in healthy and pathological aging.

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Age-related changes in the temporal processing of acoustical signals in the auditory cortex of rats

Hearing Research ◽

10.1016/j.heares.2020.108025 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 108025

Author(s):

Zbyněk Bureš ◽

Kateryna Pysanenko ◽

Josef Syka

Keyword(s):

Auditory Cortex ◽

Temporal Processing ◽

Age Related ◽

Acoustical Signals ◽

Age Related Changes

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Neural Generators Underlying Temporal Envelope Processing Show Altered Responses and Hemispheric Asymmetry Across Age

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2020.596551 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ehsan Darestani Farahani ◽

Jan Wouters ◽

Astrid van Wieringen

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Temporal Processing ◽

Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽

Phase Locking ◽

Response Strength ◽

Speech Understanding ◽

Temporal Envelope ◽

Age Related ◽

Envelope Processing ◽

Age Related Changes

Speech understanding problems are highly prevalent in the aging population, even when hearing sensitivity is clinically normal. These difficulties are attributed to changes in central temporal processing with age and can potentially be captured by age-related changes in neural generators. The aim of this study is to investigate age-related changes in a wide range of neural generators during temporal processing in middle-aged and older persons with normal audiometric thresholds. A minimum-norm imaging technique is employed to reconstruct cortical and subcortical neural generators of temporal processing for different acoustic modulations. The results indicate that for relatively slow modulations (<50 Hz), the response strength of neural sources is higher in older adults than in younger ones, while the phase-locking does not change. For faster modulations (80 Hz), both the response strength and the phase-locking of neural sources are reduced in older adults compared to younger ones. These age-related changes in temporal envelope processing of slow and fast acoustic modulations are possibly due to loss of functional inhibition, which is accompanied by aging. Both cortical (primary and non-primary) and subcortical neural generators demonstrate similar age-related changes in response strength and phase-locking. Hemispheric asymmetry is also altered in older adults compared to younger ones. Alterations depend on the modulation frequency and side of stimulation. The current findings at source level could have important implications for the understanding of age-related changes in auditory temporal processing and for developing advanced rehabilitation strategies to address speech understanding difficulties in the aging population.

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Age-related changes in circadian responses to dark pulses

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.2.r586 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 279 (2) ◽

pp. R586-R590 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Marilyn J. Duncan ◽

Anthony W. Deveraux

Keyword(s):

Wheel Running ◽

Activity Rhythm ◽

Circadian Pacemaker ◽

Running Activity ◽

Age Related ◽

Wheel Running Activity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Time Signals ◽

Dark Pulse ◽

Age Related Changes

Aging involves many alterations in circadian rhythms, including a loss of sensitivity to both photic and nonphotic time signals. This study investigated the sensitivity of young and old hamsters to the phase advancing effect of a 6-h dark pulse on the locomotor activity rhythm. Each hamster was tested four times during a period of ∼9 mo; periods of exposure to a 14-h photoperiod were alternated with the periods of exposure to constant light (20–80 lx), during which the dark pulses were administered. There was no significant difference in the phase shifts exhibited by the young (4–10 mo) and old hamsters (19–25 mo) or in the amount of wheel running activity displayed during each dark pulse. However, young hamsters had a significantly greater propensity to exhibit split rhythms immediately after the dark pulses. These results suggest that, although aging does not reduce the sensitivity of the circadian pacemaker to this nonphotic signal, it alters one property of the pacemaker, i.e., the flexibility of the coupling of its component oscillators.

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Age-related changes in functional connectivity between young adulthood and late adulthood

Analytical Methods ◽

10.1039/c5ay00699f ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 4111-4122 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xin Xu ◽

Qifan Kuang ◽

Yongqing Zhang ◽

Huijun Wang ◽

Zhining Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Brain Network ◽

Late Adulthood ◽

Functional Brain ◽

Age Related ◽

Functional Brain Network ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Network Metrics ◽

Age Related Changes

The functional brain network in late adulthood has been found to show a significant difference from that in young adulthood using a variety of network metrics.

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