scholarly journals Common allergens in patients with contact dermatitis identified using patch test in a tertiary care centre in North Kerala

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
V. P. K. Gopinath ◽  
V. M. Simi ◽  
K. Basheer Ahammed ◽  
C. M. Ali Rishad ◽  
P. M. Farisa
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Patch Test ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Allergic Contact ◽  
Age Range

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a disease characterised by an immune mediated response to a substance. The primary prevention remains avoidance of the implicated allergen. This is done with the help of patch test using the Indian Standard series (ISS).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Out of the 246 cases of ACD that came to our Dermatology department, 92 patients were selected and subjected to patch testing using the ISS. Results were read after 48 and 96 hours, interpreted as per ICDRG criteria and were analysed.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> From 92 patients 59.8% were males and 40.2% were females. Majority of the individuals with ACD who were patch tested belonged to the age range of 21-60 years accounting to 72.8%. The most affected site was the foot. 26.7% showed positivity to Black rubber mix, followed by potassium dichromate 20% and nickel 14.4%. 7.8% produced delayed reactions with positivity revealed at the final reading. One patient gave multiple positive reactions to paraben, PPD and chlorocresol.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In the study middle aged males were mostly affected which may be influenced by the sample selected. Black rubber mix was identified as the most frequent sensitizer followed by potassium dichromate which was also implicated as the sensitizer most seen in the unskilled generally. Fragrance mix was responsible for all delayed responses yielding positivity in the second reading. When not considering the negligible left, patch tests’ results could be correlated with the clinical presentations. Patients were treated, educated on ACD and advised to refrain from exposure with suggestions of possible alternatives.</p>

scholarly journals A study on incidence of various allergens involved in allergic contact dermatitis by patch testing among 150 patients in a tertiary care hospital in South India

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
V. N. S. Ahamed Shariff ◽  
K. Deepa ◽  
L. Balamurugan ◽  
S. Nirmala
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Patch Test ◽  
Patch Testing ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Allergic Contact ◽  
Male To Female

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Allergic contact dermatitis is common dermatoses seen among patients attending dermatology clinics. Allergic contact dermatitis is due to delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction. The diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis is made by patch testing. A positive reaction to a patch test commonly proves the cause of dermatitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective study was conducted<strong> </strong>to estimate the incidence of various allergens among 150 patch test positive patients with allergic contact dermatitis who had attended the dermatology OPD in Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, between October 2014 and September 2016. All the details regarding history, examination findings, investigations and patch test results were collected from case records, the data were tabulated and analysed.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Allergic contact dermatitis to cement was the commonest (44.7%), followed by nickel (10%) and plant antigens (9.3%). The commonest allergen to be tested positive was Potassium dichromate (82 cases), followed nickel (15 cases) and formaldehyde (8 cases). Most of the patients were in the age category between 41 and 50 years (47 cases– 31.33%). Male to female ratio was 2.41:1. 14 were atopic individuals (9.33%) by Hanifin and Rajka's criteria. Allergic contact dermatitis in 103 cases of our study were of occupational in origin (67%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Avoidance of allergen and proper preventive measures in workplace and day to day activities will lead to significant decrease in the morbidity of the disease and improvement in quality of life in patients with allergic contact dermatitis. </p>

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PATCH TESTING IN CONTACT DERMATITIS PATIENTS ATTENDING TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN KARAIKAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
SivaKumar Sivasubramaniam ◽  
Ambujam Govindasamy ◽  
Kode Leela Sravanthi ◽  
Brindha Pandiyan
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Patch Test ◽  
Patch Testing ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Nickel Sulfate ◽  
Cobalt Sulfate ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Positive Patch Test ◽  
Contact Eczema

Introduction: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a growing concern due to increased use of cosmetics and topical medications routinely and exposure to a large number of allergens on day-to-day basis. Patch testing is a reliable method for detecting the causative antigens in suspected cases. Aims And Objectives: To assess the demographic profile, pattern of ACD, and patch test profile of suspected cases of ACD attending contact dermatitis clinic of our department. Materials And Methods: It was a prospective study in which all the patients with suspected ACD attending OPD of department of dermatology over a 3 month period were analysed. Patch testing was done using the most common antigens primarily, and other batteries were used depending on patient requirement and availability. Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the contact dermatitis clinic over a period of 3 months. Hand eczema was the most common pattern seen in 23 cases followed by feet eczema, hand and foot eczema, facial eczema, forearm and leg eczema and photoallergic contact eczema. A total of 32 (64%) gave positive patch test results, with nickel sulfate being the most common allergen identified followed by cobalt sulfate & potassium dichromate. Conclusion: Common allergens identified in our study were more or less similar to studies from other parts of India

scholarly journals Study of Common Allergens in Patients with Allergic Contact Dermatitis: A Hospital Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Arnija Rana ◽  
S Shrestha ◽  
AK Jha ◽  
DP Thapa ◽  
S Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Patch Test ◽  
Patch Testing ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Nickel Sulphate ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Positive Patch Test ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Allergic Contact

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the most common diseases presenting to the Dermatology department. The one and only method of preventing as well as treating this disease is avoidance of the allergen causing it. The identification of the allergen causing the ACD is possible by performing patch testing. The purpose of this study was to identify common allergens among patients with ACD using Indian standard series (ISS) of patch test. Clinically suspected cases of ACD were included in the hospital based cross-sectional study from January to December 2017. These cases underwent patch testing with the ISS. The study assessed the following variables: sex, age, occupation, site and positive patch test results. There were a total of 58 patients among which, 36.2% were males and 63.8% were females with a mean age of 32.36±12.51 years. Positive patch test reactions were seen in 63.0% of patients. The most common allergens were nickel sulphate (51.4%), fragrance mix (37.8%), potassium dichromate (8.1%), colophony (8.1%) and black rubber mix (8.1%). Among male, most common allergens were fragrance mix (57.1%), nickel sulphate (28.6%) and potassium dichromate (21.4%) while in female, most common allergens were nickel sulphate (65.2%) and fragrance mix (26.1%). In our study, majority of the allergens were positive. Hence, the ISS used in the study might be suitable in the context of Nepalese population. However, further similar studies on large number of patients with multiple allergens are required to determine the exact number of contact allergens prevalent in our population.

scholarly journals Using Patch Testing to Improve Therapeutic Outcome in the Treatment of Hand Eczema in Vietnamese Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Pham Thi Minh ◽  
Trang Thi Minh ◽  
Doanh Le Huu ◽  
Thuong Nguyen Van ◽  
Sau Nguyen Huu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Patch Test ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Nickel Sulfate ◽  
Hand Eczema ◽  
Test Reaction ◽  
Positive Patch Test ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Allergic Contact

BACKGROUND: Hand eczema is a common chronic and relapsing skin disease with various clinical features. Hand eczema aetiology can be allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), atopic dermatitis (AD) and unknown or combination causes. If the causative agents are not detected treatment of hand eczema will be a failure. A patch test can be useful to detect causative agents in suspected allergic contact hand eczema. Then patients will avoid contacting them. This results in the improvement of hand eczema. In Vietnam, patch test has not been used before, so we conduct this study. AIM: To identify causative allergens by using patch test with 28 standard allergens in consecutive patients. METHODS: A group of 300 HE patients from the National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology (NHDV) in Vietnam were enrolled in this study. They were divided into 4 groups-ACD, ICD, AD and unknown aetiology. The patient was patch tested with 28 standard allergens to identify the causative agents. RESULTS: Among the 300 HE enrolled patients, ACD accounted for 72.7%, AD and ICD had the same rate of 12.7%. 39.3% of the patients had a positive patch test. Reaction to nickel sulfate was the most common (10.3%), followed by potassium dichromate (9.7%), cobalt (4%) and fragrance mix (3.1%). About one-third of the cases had relevant clinical reactions correlated with the contact agents and clinical history. Males reacted to cement, thiuram mix and formaldehyde more than females, while females reacted to a nickel more than males. CONCLUSIONS: Hand eczema has variable clinical features and diverse aetiology. ACD is an important cause of hand eczema that can be managed with a patch test to detect causative allergens. Nearly 40% of HE cases had positive patch test. Relevant patch test reactions were seen in one-third of the patients. We propose using patch test detect causative agents in suspected allergic contact hand eczema. Then patients will avoid contacting them. This results in the improvement of hand eczema.

scholarly journals Occupational Chromium Allergy and Contact Dermatitis: 10 Years Evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Alexandre Afonso ◽  
Joana Silva ◽  
Ricardo Silva ◽  
Vânia Pacheco ◽  
Vítor Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Occupational Activity ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Hand Dermatitis ◽  
Occupational Contact Dermatitis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Allergic Contact ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Chromium has been responsible for occupational skin disease, both irritant and/or allergic contact dermatitis. In order to minimize this problem, regulatory measures limiting its use have been implemented. The impact of these regulations should be monitored over time. Material and Methods: A retrospective study from 2009 to 2018 was carried out in the Department of Dermatology to assess the temporal trend of chromium sensitization evaluated by patch testing with potassium dichromate 0.5% pet, particularly considering age, sex and its relationship with occupational activity. Results: 3277 individuals were studied, 2369 females (72.29%) and 908 males (27.71%). Of those 621 (18.95%) fulfilled criteria for occupational contact dermatitis. Chromium allergy was found in 118 (3.60%) patients, 64 females (54.4%) and 54 males (45.76%). We found that male patients were significantly more frequent (45.76% vs 27.03%; p<0.001), as well as occupational dermatitis (31.35% vs 18.47%; p<0.001), hand dermatitis (53.54% vs 23.52%; p<0.001) and age above 40 years (70.34% vs 56.76%; p=0.003). Discussion/Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence (3.60%) of chromium positive patch tests. In our study, there has not been a significant decrease in sensitization to chromium over the years. Interestingly cases classically related to this allergy (cement in the building industry) are no longer the main cause of the problem. We found other sources such as leather as a main cause of allergic sensitization, suggesting a change of the panorama.

scholarly journals Common Contact Sensitizers among Patients with Hand Eczema: A Multicenter-Study in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
S. Bhattarai ◽  
A. Rijal ◽  
S. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Patch Test ◽  
Patch Testing ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Hand Eczema ◽  
Contact Allergens ◽  
Allergic Contact

Introduction: Allergic contact dermatitis in Nepal is not an uncommon disorder. Patch testing is a well established method of diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis. Patients with contact dermatitis are well known to have impaired quality of life which often leads to frequent dermatological consultations.Objective: Lack of data from Nepal has prompted us to undertake this study with the aims to know the frequency of allergic contact dermatitis and the commonest contact allergens among the patients with Hand eczema attending the out-patient department of dermatology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences and Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.Material and Methods: A total of 256 patients were included in the study. Out of them 195 with hand eczema agreed to participate and undergo patch testing. The antigens used included the Indian standard series of patch test allergens approved by Contact and Occupational Dermatoses Forum of India.Results: Hundred and ten cases (56.4%) were patch test positive (PTP) at 48 as well as 96 hours to at least one allergen. PTP was seen more commonly in females. The most common allergen in females was nickel sulphate followed by cobalt chloride, gentamicin and mercapto mix while males were positive to potassium dichromate, followed by epoxy resin, fragrance mix and nickel sulphate.Conclusion: Patch testing has proved a useful tool for the detection of allergic contact dermatitis and for identification of contact allergens. When positive reactions correlate with environmental exposure the test usually assists the physician in establishing the cause of dermatitis, hence treating the patients and improving their quality of life.Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology, Vol.14(1) 2016, pp.14-17

scholarly journals Study of the frequency of allergens in cosmetics components in patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Aparecida Silva ◽  
Marcia Regina Miras Bosco ◽  
Érika Mozer
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Occupational Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Frequency Of Contact ◽  
Allergic Contact ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Occupational Contact

BACKGROUND: Contact dermatitis to cosmetics is a common dermatosis, especially in adults and professionals who handle them. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of sensitization to cosmetics' components in patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis and to identify the main sensitizers related to occupational contact dermatitis. METHODS: During the period of January 2008 to June 2010, all the patients with a presumptive diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis to cosmetics were selected. The patients were submitted to the patch tests of cosmetics series, composed by ten substances. RESULTS: Among the 147 patients studied sensitization to cosmetics components occurred in 31,29% of the cases, 14 of those (19,18%) equally corresponding to BHT and triethanolamine substances, 13 (17,81%) to ammonium thioglycolate, 09 to sorbic acid (12,33%), 08 to tosilamida (10,95%), 06 to germall (8,22%). The other elements tested showed indices of 5% or less. A higher frequency of contact dermatitis to cosmetics was observed in women and the age most affected was concordant with the age range of greatest professional activity of the population. CONCLUSION: Allergic contact dermatitis was more frequently associated with Triethanolamine, BHT and ammonium thioglycolate, and the relation with occupational contact dermatitis was discreet.

scholarly journals Results of Patch-Tests from Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Dermatology Clinic, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from 2003 to 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 800-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulcilea Ferraz Rodrigues ◽  
Daniela Rezende Neves ◽  
Jackson Machado Pinto ◽  
Marcos Felipe Fonseca Alves ◽  
Ana Cristina Franco Fulgêncio
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Patch Test ◽  
Test Series ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Dermatology Clinic ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Allergic Contact ◽  
Brazilian Standard

This Dermatology Clinic tests referred patients who have suspected allergic contact dermatitis. The patch-test results (1406 patients) from July 1st, 2003 to June 30th, 2010 will be reported and compared to the data from the Brazilian Contact Dermatitis Study Group (GBEDC). A standardized patch test (30 allergens) was used in all of these patients. Depending on the complaint and suspected allergen another battery was also used (cosmetic battery).The most frequent allergens of Brazilian Standard Patch Test Series and Cosmetic Brazilian Standard Patch Test Series were nickel and tosylamide formaldehyde resin, respectively. Allergic contact dermatitis was the final diagnosis in 58.2%. Studies about allergen frequency may enable the performance of prevention programmes.

scholarly journals Association Between IL16 Gene Polymorphism and Allergic Contact Dermatitis Among Construction Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117863451988055
Author(s):  
Eman Omar Khashaba ◽  
Mohammad A Gaballah ◽  
Ahmed Fathy State ◽  
Mona Elwassefy
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Patch Test ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Gene Distribution ◽  
Positive Patch Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Allergic Contact

Objectives: First, this research was instituted to identify common allergens, and second, to test the association between IL16 gene promoter polymorphism rs4778889 T/C and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Methods: A case control study was conducted in dermatology outpatients’ clinic. Study subjects received interview-based semi-structured questionnaire, complete skin examination, IL16 gene promoter was investigated by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis, and IQ Ultra™ patch test units (Chemotechnique Diagnostics AB, Sweden) with 10 substances were used. Results: Most of the prevalent cases had positive patch test (93.3%). The most common clinical presentation of ACD in our patients was itching (96.7%), followed by dryness (86.75%), erythema (76.7%), and fissuring (76.7%). There was higher CC gene distribution among cases, but there was no statistically significant difference. IL16 gene distribution was nearly similar among different clinical presentations. Formaldehyde showed statistically significant higher frequency for CC. The most common allergen found was mercury chloride (76.6%), followed by potassium dichromate (26.6%) and cobalt chloride (20%). Conclusions: The current study found prominent metal sensitization (mercury chloride) over the previously known potassium dichromate. There was no statistically significant IL16 gene distribution among cases compared with control. However, C allele was more frequently encountered in cases. Further studies are required to test the association with IL16 genotype and ACD and highlight the new trends in metal sensitization among cement-exposed workers.

Comparative Study of IQ-Ultra and Finn Chambers Test Methodologies in Detecting 10 Common Standard Allergens that Cause Allergic Contact Dermatitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Doumit ◽  
Melanie Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Patch Testing ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Nickel Sulfate ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
The North ◽  
Allergic Contact

Background: Patch testing is routinely used in contact dermatitis clinics because it is the gold standard for the evaluation of potential allergic contact dermatitis. Objective: The study was undertaken to evaluate possible differences in reactivity between the Finn Chamber and IQ-Ultra patch-testing methodologies. Methods: Patients were patch-tested simultaneously with the Finn Chamber and IQ-Ultra patch tests. Ten standard allergens set by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group were used for both techniques. Results: Both patch tests had a significant agreement in detecting all of the allergens. An “almost perfect agreement” was noted for ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, quaternium-15, mercapto mix, black rubber mix, balsam of Peru, and nickel sulfate; “substantial agreement” for formaldehyde, bisphenol A epoxy resin, and 4-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin; and “moderate agreement” for potassium dichromate. Conclusion: The Finn Chamber and IQ-Ultra patch tests had a good agreement in the detection of the 10 standard allergens that were tested.

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