scholarly journals CO2 emissions and soil carbon mineralisation under different systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
André Carlos Auler ◽  
Hagata Hennipman ◽  
Filipe Jacques ◽  
Jucimare Romaniw ◽  
Aghata Charnobay
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Fruit Orchard ◽  
Conventional Ct

Usage and management alter the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC). The aim of this study was to compare the CO2 emissions in a Typic Humudept under different uses, and to relate the effects of CO2 emissions to the organic carbon content of the soil. Soil samples were collected from the 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.15 and 0.15-0.20 m layers under the following agricultural systems: no-tillage (NT), conventional (CT) and fruit orchard (FO). Samples were also collected from an area of native forest (NF) adopted as reference. The variables under evaluation were CO2 emissions and SOC content. Interaction between the usage or management systems and the soil layers influenced CO2 emissions in the soil. However, there was a difference in CO2 emissions between the soil layers under NF and CT only. In the 0-0.20 m layer, there was no difference in CO2 emissions under FO or CT, however these were greater than under NF or NT. In turn, the emissions under NT were lower than under NF at this layer. Furthermore, the systems with greater CO2 emissions showed less SOC. As such, in a Typic Humudept, the no-tillage management system results in reduced CO2 emissions. Greater SOC mineralisation has a direct impact on higher CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Soil Physical Attributes and Organic Carbon in a Cohesive Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) Under Different Soil Management Systems in the Coastal Plains of Bahia, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Fagner Taiano Dos Santos Silva ◽  
Fabiane Pereira Machado Dias ◽  
Poliana Dos Santos de Farias ◽  
Flávia Melo Moreira ◽  
Ludmila De Oliveira De Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Physical Attributes

Although soil physical attributes are determining factors of soil quality and for root development of crops, they are often neglected when dealing with soil management, which refers only to fertility. The objective of this work was to evaluate soil physical characteristics, organic carbon content and carbon stock levels in yellow Latosol cohesive distrophic coastal plains of Bahia, Brazil, where different soil management systems were implemented. Soil texture, water dispersible clay, flocculation index, soil density and porosity, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, stability of aggregates, organic carbon content and resistance to penetration were evaluated from soil samples collected in the 40 cm-top soil. The different soil plot covers consisted of (i) Eucalyptus with grasses (EGR), (ii) Eucalyptus with spontaneous vegetation (EVE), (iii) fallow (POU), (iv) pasture (PAS), and (v) native forest (MN). It was found that EVE and MN contributed to greater stability of larger aggregates in the 20-40 cm-soil layer compared to EGR, PAS and POU. The high organic matter contents of soils of the cultivated plots (EVE and EGR) increased the limits of consistency. Soil management systems with Eucalyptus and pasture contributed to accelerate the oxidation process and the loss of C.

scholarly journals No-tillage lessens soil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions the most under arid and sandy soil conditions: results from a meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3619-3633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khatab Abdalla ◽  
Pauline Chivenge ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Vincent Chaplot
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil Co2 Emissions

Abstract. The management of agroecosystems plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle with soil tillage leading to known organic carbon redistributions within soils and changes in soil CO2 emissions. Yet, discrepancies exist on the impact of tillage on soil CO2 emissions and on the main soil and environmental controls. A meta-analysis was conducted using 46 peer-reviewed publications totaling 174 paired observations comparing CO2 emissions over entire seasons or years from tilled and untilled soils across different climates, crop types and soil conditions with the objective of quantifying tillage impact on CO2 emissions and assessing the main controls. On average, tilled soils emitted 21 % more CO2 than untilled soils, which corresponded to a significant difference at P<0.05. The difference increased to 29 % in sandy soils from arid climates with low soil organic carbon content (SOCC < 1 %) and low soil moisture, but tillage had no impact on CO2 fluxes in clayey soils with high background SOCC (> 3 %). Finally, nitrogen fertilization and crop residue management had little effect on the CO2 responses of soils to no-tillage. These results suggest no-tillage is an effective mitigation measure of carbon dioxide losses from dry land soils. They emphasize the importance of including information on soil factors such as texture, aggregate stability and organic carbon content in global models of the carbon cycle.

scholarly journals No-tillage lessens soil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions the most under arid and sandy soil conditions: results from a meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 15495-15535 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Abdalla ◽  
P. Chivenge ◽  
P. Ciais ◽  
V. Chaplot
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil Co2 Emissions

Abstract. The management of agroecosystems plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle with soil tillage leading to known organic carbon redistributions within soils and changes in soil CO2 emissions. Yet, discrepancies exist on the impact of tillage on soil CO2 emissions and on the main soil and environmental controls. A meta-analysis was conducted using 46 peer-reviewed publications totaling 174 paired observations comparing CO2 emissions over entire seasons or years from tilled and untilled soils across different climates, crop types and soil conditions with the objective of quantifying tillage impact on CO2 emissions and assessing the main controls. On average, tilled soils emitted 21 % more CO2 than untilled soils, which corresponded to a significant difference at P < 0.05. The difference increased to 29 % in sandy soils from arid climates with low soil organic carbon content (SOCC < 1 %) and low soil moisture, but tillage had no impact on CO2 fluxes in clayey soils with high background SOCC (> 3 %). Finally, nitrogen fertilization and crop residue management had little effect on the CO2 responses of soils to no-tillage. These results suggest no-tillage is an effective mitigation measure of carbon dioxide losses from dry land soils. They emphasize the importance of including information on soil factors such as texture, aggregate stability and organic carbon content in global models of the carbon cycle.

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon accumulation and carbon dioxide emissions during a 6-year study in irrigated continuous maize under two tillage systems in semiarid Mediterranean conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. e1102
Author(s):  
Maroua Dachraoui ◽  
Aurora Sombrero
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

Aim of study: To evaluate the effects of conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) systems on the soil organic carbon (SOC) changes, CO2 emissions and their relation with soil temperature and grain yield in a monoculture of irrigated maize during six years.Area of study: In Zamadueñas experimental field in the Spanish province of Valladolid, from 2011 to 2017.Material and methods: The SOC content was determined by collecting soil samples up to 30 cm in November at two years interval. Short-term CO2 emissions were measured simultaneously with soil temperature using a respiration chamber and a hand-held probe immediately before, after every tillage operation and during the maize cycle.Main results: The SOC stock of the top 30 cm soil layers was 13% greater under NT than CT. Short-term CO2 emissions were significantly higher under CT ranging from 0.8 to 3.4 g CO2 m-2 h-1 immediately after tillage while under NT system, soil CO2 fluxes were low and stable during this study period. During the first 48 h following tillage, cumulative CO2 emissions ranged from 0.6 to 2.4 Mg CO2 ha-1 and from 0.2 to 0.3 Mg CO2 ha-1 under CT and NT systems, respectively. Soil temperature did not show significant correlation with CO2 emissions; however, it depended mostly on the time of measurement.Research highlights: No tillage increased the SOC accumulation in the topsoil layer, reduced CO2 emissions without decreasing maize grain yield and minimized the impact on climate change compared to CT system.

Long-term no tillage increased soil organic carbon content of rain-fed cereal systems in a Mediterranean area

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo De Sanctis ◽  
Pier Paolo Roggero ◽  
Giovanna Seddaiu ◽  
Roberto Orsini ◽  
Cheryl H. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content

scholarly journals ORGANIC CARBON CONTENTS AND STOCKS IN PARTICLE SIZE FRACTIONS OF A TYPIC HAPLUDOX FERTILIZED WITH PIG SLURRY AND SOLUBLE FERTILIZER

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sueli Heberle Mafra ◽  
Paulo Cezar Cassol ◽  
Jackson Adriano Albuquerque ◽  
Marco André Grohskopf ◽  
Andreia Patrícia Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Clear Predominance

The use of pig slurry (PS) as fertilizer can affect the soil quality and increase total stocks of soil organic carbon (TOC). However, the effects of PS on TOC amount and forms in the soil are not fully understood, particularly in areas under no-tillage (NT). The purpose of this study was to determine TOC contents and stocks in the particulate (POC) and mineral-associated C fractions (MAC) of an Oxisol after nine years of maize-oat rotation under NT, with annual applications of PS, soluble fertilizer and combined fertilization (pig slurry + soluble fertilizer). The experiment was initiated in 2001 in Campos Novos, Santa Catarina, with the following treatments: PS at rates of 0 (without fertilization - PS0); 25 (PS25); 50 (PS50); 100 (PS100); and 200 m3 ha-1yr-1 (PS200); fertilization with soluble fertilizer (SF); and mixed fertilization (PS + SF). The TOC content was determined in samples of six soil layers to a depth of 40 cm, and the POC and MAC contents in four layers to a depth of 20 cm. From the rate of 50 m3 ha-1yr-1 and upwards, the soil TOC content and stock increased according to the PS rates in the layers to a depth of 10 cm. The POC and MAC contents and stocks were higher in the surface layers, with a clear predominance of the second fraction, but a greater relative amplitude in the contents of the first fraction.

scholarly journals Nitrogen dynamics in soil management systems: II - mineralization and nitrification rates

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1651-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Garcia Cardoso ◽  
João Carlos de Moraes Sá ◽  
Clever Briedis ◽  
Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Paulo Rogério Borszowskei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Net Mineralization

Nitrogen is the main limiting factor in crop productivity and thereby soil management systems may change the mineralization and nitrification rates. In an experiment on soil management systems implemented in 1988 at the experimental station Fundação ABC, Ponta Grossa, in the central South region of the State of Paraná, inorganic N dynamics were examined to find a soil management strategy with a view to a sustainable environment. The objective of this study was to calculate the net mineralization and nitrification rates of soil N and the correlation with soil pH under management systems. Randomized complete block design was used, in split plots, in three replications. The following soil management systems (SMSs) were adopted in the plots: 1) conventional tillage (CT); 2) minimum tillage (MT); 3) no-tillage with chisel plow every three years (NT CH); and 4) continuous no-tillage (CNT). To evaluate the dynamics of inorganic N, samples were collected from sub-plots at different times (11 sampling times - T1 to T11). In the CNT and NT CH, the net mineralization rates were higher in the MT and CT systems in the 0-2.5 cm soil layer, while the nitrification rate was higher in the 2.5-5 cm layer. Soon after implementing the white oat management, the mineralization and nitrification rates in all soil layers were higher in the MT and CT systems. In the period of soybean development, in the 0-2.5 and 2.5-5 cm soil layers, the mineralization and nitrification rates were higher in the CNT and NT CH than in the MT and CT systems.

scholarly journals Influence of ryegrass managements on the physical properties of a Haplohumox

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 952-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Vizioli ◽  
Karina Maria Vieira Cavalieri-Polizeli ◽  
Gabriel Barth
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
No Tillage

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) managements on the physical properties of a Haplohumox, and on the yields of corn and of ryegrass cultivated in succession to corn. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with three treatments and three replicates, in which treatments were the different managements of ryegrass under no-tillage for silage, soil cover, and grazing. After nine years of management, samples were collected at 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.30-m soil depths, to determine the following soil properties: texture, total organic carbon, soil bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, and resistance to root penetration. The index of structural stability was estimated from texture and total organic carbon data. Maximum soil bulk density and permanent wilting point were also estimated from pedotransfer functions. Corn and ryegrass dry matter yields were determined from plants harvested inside the plot area. Total organic carbon content increased as depth increased. The ryegrass managements in no-tillage system, in succession to corn, does not influence the soil physical properties of a Haplohumox, and maintains high corn and ryegrass yields.

scholarly journals Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Two Rice Cultivation Systems Compared to an Agroforestry Cultivation System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Ibonne Geaneth Valenzuela-Balcázar ◽  
Efraín Francisco Visconti-Moreno ◽  
Ángel Faz ◽  
José A. Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Crop Root ◽  
Management Changes

After changes in tillage on croplands, it is necessary to assess the effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in order to identify if soil is a sink or emitter of carbon to the atmosphere. This study was conducted in two plots of rice cultivation, where tillage and water management changes occurred. A third plot of native forest with Cacao trees was used as reference soil (agroforestry). For SOC balance estimation, measurement of organic carbon (OC) inputs was determined from necromass, roots, microbial biomass, and urea applications. CO2 and CH4 emissions were also measured. Results showed that the change in the use of irrigation and tillage in rice cultivation did not cause significant differences in OC inputs to soil or in outputs due to carbon emissions. Further-more, it was found that both irrigation and tillage management systems in rice cultivation com-pared with agroforestry were management systems with a negative difference between OC inputs and outputs due to CO2 emissions associated with intense stimulation of crop root respiration and microbial activity. The comparison of SOC dynamics between the agroforestry system and rice cultivation systems showed that an agroforestry system is a carbon sink with a positive OC dynamic.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of physical attributes of a clayey Latosol under different management systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1883-1888
Author(s):  
Simone Andreia Roehrs ◽  
Aracéli Ciotti de Marins ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Rogério Luís Rizzi ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Physical Attributes

The use and management of the soil cause occasional changes in its physical properties; thus, altering its spatial variability. This work aimed to show the spatial distribution of physical attributes of a clay latosol under different management systems, through thematic maps of spatial distribution for values of these attributes. The experimental area consisted of three treatments: scarified no-tillage at 0.3 m depth (T1), no-tillage with 3 t ha-1 of plaster applied to the surface (T2) and; the control as traditional no-tillage system (T3). The attributes such as density, macroporosity, and microporosity in three soil layers were evaluated: 0-0.1; 0.1-0.2; and 0.2-0.3 m. The analysis of the experimental results indicates that all physical attributes presented spatial dependence between the data, with higher density values (values ranged from 0.95 to 1.37 Mg m3) and lower macroporosity in areas with T1 (SPD with scarification) and T2 (SPD gypsum) management systems. However, in all treatments, the Macro values presented a volume above 10.51%, which is above the limit value for good aeration and water movement in the soil. Treatment T3 (traditional SPD) showed favorable physical soil conditions, even after compaction

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