Nitrogen dynamics in soil management systems: II - mineralization and nitrification rates

Nitrogen is the main limiting factor in crop productivity and thereby soil management systems may change the mineralization and nitrification rates. In an experiment on soil management systems implemented in 1988 at the experimental station Fundação ABC, Ponta Grossa, in the central South region of the State of Paraná, inorganic N dynamics were examined to find a soil management strategy with a view to a sustainable environment. The objective of this study was to calculate the net mineralization and nitrification rates of soil N and the correlation with soil pH under management systems. Randomized complete block design was used, in split plots, in three replications. The following soil management systems (SMSs) were adopted in the plots: 1) conventional tillage (CT); 2) minimum tillage (MT); 3) no-tillage with chisel plow every three years (NT CH); and 4) continuous no-tillage (CNT). To evaluate the dynamics of inorganic N, samples were collected from sub-plots at different times (11 sampling times - T1 to T11). In the CNT and NT CH, the net mineralization rates were higher in the MT and CT systems in the 0-2.5 cm soil layer, while the nitrification rate was higher in the 2.5-5 cm layer. Soon after implementing the white oat management, the mineralization and nitrification rates in all soil layers were higher in the MT and CT systems. In the period of soybean development, in the 0-2.5 and 2.5-5 cm soil layers, the mineralization and nitrification rates were higher in the CNT and NT CH than in the MT and CT systems.

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Nitrogen dynamics in soil management systems. I - flux of inorganic nitrogen (NH4+ and NO3-)

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832011000500018 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 1641-1649

Author(s):

João Carlos de Moraes Sá ◽

Eduardo Garcia Cardoso ◽

Clever Briedis ◽

Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira ◽

Paulo Rogério Borszowskei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Management ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Management Systems ◽

No Tillage ◽

Organic C ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Ct System ◽

Red Latosol

In agricultural systems the N-NH4+ and N-NO3- contents is significantly affected by soil management. This study investigated the dynamics of inorganic nitrogen (N; NH4+ and NO3-) in an experimental evaluation of soil management systems (SMSs) adopted in 1988 at the experimental station of the ABC Foundation in Ponta Grossa, in the Central South region of the State of Paraná. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in N-NH4+ and N-NO3- flux in the surface layer of a Red Latosol arising from SMSs over a 12-month period. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design in split plots, in three replications. The plots consisted of the following SMSs: 1) conventional tillage (CT); 2) minimum tillage (MT); 3) no-tillage with chisel plow every three years (NT CH); and 4) continuous no-tillage (CNT). To evaluate the dynamics of inorganic N, the subplots represented samplings (11 sampling times, T1 - T11). The ammonium N (N-NH4+) and nitric N (N-NO3-) contents were higher in systems with reduced tillage (MT and NT CH) and without tillage (CNT) than in the CT system. In the period from October 2003 to February 2004, the N-NH4+ was higher than the N-NO3- soil content. Conversely, in the period from May 2004 to July 2004, the N-NO3- was higher than the N-NH4+ content. The greatest fluctuation in the N-NH4+ and N-NO3- contents occurred in the 0-2.5 cm layer, and the highest peak in the N-NH4+ and N-NO3- concentrations occurred after the surface application of N. Both N-NH4+ and N-NO3- were strongly correlated with the soil organic C content, which indicated that these properties vary together in the system.

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The no-tillage, with crop rotation or succession, can increase the degree of clay dispersion in the superficial layer of highly weathered soils after 24 years

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n1p57 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 57-70

Author(s):

Alex Figueiredo ◽

◽

Thadeu Rodrigues de Melo ◽

Jean Carlo Santos de Oliveira ◽

Wesley Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Management ◽

Soil Disturbance ◽

Superficial Layer ◽

Management Systems ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Clay Dispersion

Clay dispersion is directly related to water erosion, especially during detaching and dragging of particles. No-till is one of the most important strategies for soil and water conservation in tropical and sub-tropical regions, and when associated with crop rotation, may reduce the degree of clay dispersion. The study aimed to evaluate, after 24 years, the effect of different soil management systems and crop systems on the degree of clay dispersion of a Rhodic Ferralsol. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x2 factorial scheme, with four soil managements (continuous no-tillage, no-tillage with chiseling every three years, disk plowing followed by light harrowing and heavy disking followed by light harrowing) and with two crop systems (crop succession and rotation). The degree of clay dispersion was evaluated and associated with soil chemical attributes from layer 0.00-0.10 m. The degree of clay dispersion is affected by the soil management systems with no effect of crop systems. The soil management system with the lowest soil disturbance (continuous no-tillage) has a higher degree of clay dispersion than the ones that disturb the soil, regardless of the agricultural implement used or soil disturbance intensity. The soil electrochemical imbalance, primarily caused by soil potential acidity, is positively correlated to the increase in the degree of clay dispersion of the superficial soil layer under continuum no-tillage.

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Nutrient losses by water erosion

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162003000300025 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 581-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Ildegardis Bertol ◽

Eloy Lemos Mello ◽

Jean Cláudio Guadagnin ◽

Almir Luis Vedana Zaparolli ◽

Marcos Roberto Carrafa

Keyword(s):

Soil Management ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Management Systems ◽

Soluble Form ◽

No Tillage ◽

Nutrient Losses ◽

Natural Pasture ◽

Calcium And Magnesium ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

Water erosion causes soil degradation, which is closely related to nutrient losses either in, the soluble form or adsorbed to soil particles, depending mainly on the adopted soil management system. This study was carried out in São José do Cerrito, SC, Brazil, between March 2000 and June 2001. The objective was to quantify available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium losses in water erosion obtained with simulated rainfall in the following soil management systems: conventional tillage with no-crop (bare soil) (BS), conventional tillage with soybean (CT), reduced tillage with soybean (RT), no tillage with soybean on a desiccated and burned natural pasture (DBNP), and no tillage with soybean on a desiccated natural pasture (DNP). A rotating boom rainfall simulator was used to perform three rainfall tests with constant intensity of 64 mm h-1 and sufficient duration to reach constant runoff rate, on a clayey-loam, well-structured Typic Hapludox, with an average slope of 0.18 m m-1. The first test was carried out five days before soybean emergence and the second and third at 30 and 60 days, respectively. The nutrient concentration in water and total losses of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were higher under CT than in the other soil management systems.

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Effects of soil management systems on soil microbial activity, bulk density and chemical properties

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2001001200011 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 36 (12) ◽

pp. 1539-1545 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Maria Alexandra Reis Valpassos ◽

Eloiza Gomes Silva Cavalcante ◽

Ana Maria Rodrigues Cassiolato ◽

Marlene Cristina Alves

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Management ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Management Systems ◽

No Tillage ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Tillage System ◽

Crop Sequence ◽

And Chemical Properties

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of soil management systems on the bulk density, chemical soil properties, and on the soil microbial activity on a Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Oxisol). Soil samples were collected from plots under the following management conditions: a) natural dense "cerrado" vegetation (savanna); b) degraded Brachiaria decumbens pasture, 20 years old; c) no-tillage treatment with annual crop sequence (bean, corn, soybean and dark-oat in continuous rotation), 8 years old; d) conventional tillage treatment with crop residues added to the soil, and annual crop sequence, 10 years old. The continuous use of no-tillage system resulted in an increase in microbial biomass and decrease in soil basal respiration, therefore displaying evident long-term effects on the increase of soil C content. The no-tillage system also provided an improvement in bulk density and chemical properties of the soil. Hence, the no-tillage management system could be an alternative for the conservation and maintenance of physical and chemical conditions and the productive potential of "cerrado" soils.

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Soil management and application of agricultural gypsum in a Planosol for soybean cultivation

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20161102 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Enio Marchesan ◽

Felipe Tonetto ◽

Gustavo Mack Teló ◽

Lucas Lopes Coelho ◽

Bruno Behenck Aramburu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Soil Management ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Management Systems ◽

Root Penetration ◽

Deep Tillage ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Gypsum Application

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effects of soil management systems, tillage, and application of gypsum agricultural to soil, on soybean development in lowland areas. The experiment was carried out on an Alfisol in a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement. The two soil tillage practices were without deep tillage and with deep tillage. Gypsum treatments were no gypsum application, 500kg of gypsum ha-1, 1000kg of gypsum ha-1, and 1500kg of gypsum ha-1. Deep tillage resulted in less soil resistance to root penetration during ryegrass cultivation during the soybean offseason, 11 months after applying the management treatments, resulting in higher dry mass of ryegrass in the offseason and higher soybean yield in the following year.

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CO2 emissions and soil carbon mineralisation under different systems

Revista Agro mbiente On-line ◽

10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v13i0.5633 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 211

Author(s):

André Carlos Auler ◽

Hagata Hennipman ◽

Filipe Jacques ◽

Jucimare Romaniw ◽

Aghata Charnobay

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Management Systems ◽

Native Forest ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

No Tillage ◽

Agricultural Systems ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Fruit Orchard ◽

Conventional Ct

Usage and management alter the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC). The aim of this study was to compare the CO2 emissions in a Typic Humudept under different uses, and to relate the effects of CO2 emissions to the organic carbon content of the soil. Soil samples were collected from the 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.15 and 0.15-0.20 m layers under the following agricultural systems: no-tillage (NT), conventional (CT) and fruit orchard (FO). Samples were also collected from an area of native forest (NF) adopted as reference. The variables under evaluation were CO2 emissions and SOC content. Interaction between the usage or management systems and the soil layers influenced CO2 emissions in the soil. However, there was a difference in CO2 emissions between the soil layers under NF and CT only. In the 0-0.20 m layer, there was no difference in CO2 emissions under FO or CT, however these were greater than under NF or NT. In turn, the emissions under NT were lower than under NF at this layer. Furthermore, the systems with greater CO2 emissions showed less SOC. As such, in a Typic Humudept, the no-tillage management system results in reduced CO2 emissions. Greater SOC mineralisation has a direct impact on higher CO2 emissions.

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Fertilizer distribution mechanisms and side dress nitrogen fertilization in upland rice under no-tillage system

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162010000500010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 562-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽

André de Moraes Costa ◽

Émerson Borghi ◽

Gustavo Spadotti Amaral Castro ◽

Dirceu Maximino Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Layer ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Root Penetration ◽

No Tillage ◽

Furrow Opener ◽

Tillage System ◽

Seed Deposition

Some crops have shown not to adapt to the no-tillage system (NTS) as a consequence of the compaction of the superficial soil layer. In a certain way, the mechanism used in seeders to open furrows for the deposition of fertilizers can have great importance in facilitating root penetration. This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of two fertilizer distribution mechanisms and N fertilization in upland rice (Oryza sativa) under NTS. The experiment was carried out in the growing seasons 2001/2002 and 2002/2003, in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil. A completely randomized block design was applied, with subdivided plots and four replications. Main plots consisted of two furrow opening mechanisms (furrow opener and double disk). Subplots consisted of four side dressing N levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1). The following parameters were evaluated: furrow and seed deposition depth, plant population, plant height, number of stems and panicles m-2, number of spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility, weight of 1,000 grains, shoot dry matter, grain yield and N levels in the flag leaf. The success for upland rice establishment under the NTS in dry winter regions of Brazil is directly associated to the furrow opening mechanism of the seed-drill. The furrow opener mechanism resulted in deeper seed deposition, consequently decreasing seedling population, number of panicles per area and grain yield. Side dressing N fertilization in upland rice under NTS increases grain yield whenever the double disk mechanism is used to sow.

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Adaptability of lettuce cultivars to planting in no-tillage on straw of Urochloa ruziziensis

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000700006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 824-832

Author(s):

Andréia Cristina Silva Hirata ◽

Edson Kiyoharu Hirata ◽

João Augusto Rizzo Camara

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Management ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Lower Yield ◽

The Third ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Main Plot ◽

Similar Yield

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptability of different lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars grown in no-tillage on straw of ruzi grass (Urochloa ruziziensis), as well as its effects on soil temperature and weed control, in successive cultivations in the summer. The treatments were carried out in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates, in a split-plot arrangement (2x4), in which soil management (no-tillage on ruzi grass and convention tillage) was the main plot, and the different crisphead lettuce cultivars (Amanda, Solaris, Vanda, and Vera), the subplots. No difference was observed between cultivars for soil management. No-tillage reduced the soil temperature by up to 3.7°C and weed density by 3.7 times, in comparison with conventional tillage. Ruzi grass promoted a greater bed conservation. In comparison to with conventional tillage, the no-tillage management of lettuce cultivated on ruzi grass straw resulted in a lower yield in the first crop due to excess straw; in a similar yield in the second crop; and in a greater yield in the third crop. Lettuce cultivated on ruzi grass straw in no-tillage management results in a greater sustainability, in comparison with conventional tillage, in three successive plantings.

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Effect of soil management on the white grub population and damage in soybean

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2000000500004 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 887-894 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

LENITA JACOB OLIVEIRA ◽

CLARA BEATRIZ HOFFMANN-CAMPO ◽

MARIA ALICE GARCIA

Keyword(s):

Larval Mortality ◽

Soil Management ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Management Systems ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

No Tillage ◽

White Grub ◽

Primary Tillage ◽

Moldboard Plow

To evaluate the effect of soil management systems on population of white grubs, (Phyllophaga cuyabana Moser), and on its damage in soybean, experiments were set up under no-tillage and conventional tillage (one disk plow, and a leveling disk harrow) areas. Primary tillage equipment, used in other soil management systems, such as moldboard plow, disk plow, chisel plow and heavy duty disk harrow were also tested. Fluctuation of P. cuyabana population and the extent of its damage to soybean was similar under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems. Results comparing a range of primary tillage equipment showed that it affected soil insect populations differently, depending on the time during the season in which tillage was executed. Larval mortality could mostly be attributed to their exposure to adverse factors, soon after tillage, than to changes in soil conditions. Reduction of white grub population was more evident in plots managed by heavier equipment, such as the moldboard plow. Soil tillage could be one component within the soil pest management system in soybean, however, its use can not be generalized.

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Organic, organomineral, and mineral fertilizers with urease and nitrification inhibitors for wheat and corn under no-tillage

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2016000800003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (8) ◽

pp. 916-924 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Juliano Corulli Corrêa ◽

Marco André Grohskopf ◽

Rodrigo da Silveira Nicoloso ◽

Késia Silva Lourenço ◽

Rosemari Martini

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Nitrification Inhibitors ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

No Tillage ◽

Available N

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate soil chemical attributes, leaf nitrogen content, and corn and wheat yields under a no-tillage system in response to the application of organic, organomineral, and mineral fertilizers with or without urease and nitrification inhibitors. The experiment was carried out on the field, with one wheat and two corn crops, on a Rhodic Kandiudox, in a randomized complete block design with six replicates. The evaluated treatments were: control, without fertilization; O, poultry litter as an organic fertilizer; O+I, poultry litter and inhibitors; OM, organomineral fertilizer; OM+I, organomineral fertilizer and inhibitors; U, urea as a mineral fertilizer; and U+I, super urea with the urease inhibitor alone. The use of organic, organomineral, and mineral fertilizers, with or without inhibitors, increased available N content in the 0.00-0.05-m soil layer. In deeper layers, only OM+I in the 0.05-0.10-m layer and U+I in the 0.10-0.20-m layer provided higher contents than the control treatment. Leaf N contents were adequate, regardless of the fertilizer used. The O, O+I, OM, and OM+I treatments increase available P content and base saturation, and decrease H+Al on soil surface. Moreover, all fertilizers increase total grain yield of the two studied crops, in the following order: OM+I > U+I ≥ U > OM ≥ O+I ≥ O.

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