Study of anatomical variations of pterion in Karnataka population

The Pterion is a point of sutural confluence formed by frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones. Center of pterion is located 4cms above the midpoint of zygomatic arch and 3.5cms behind the fronto-zygomatic suture. Pterion is a reference landmark for many regions of the brain. Knowledge of various types of pterion is important in neurosurgeries as pterion keyhole approach has several advantages over traditional craniotomy; it has got radiological significance in interpretation of radiographs; in forensic medicine, it has been used for estimation of age and stature; and types of pterion has racial variations, hence it has got anthropological significance. Hence, the present study was taken to assess various types of pterion in South Indian adult human skulls. To classify the types of pterion based on Murphy’s classification and compare the right and left sides.The study was conducted on 100 adult dry human skulls collected from Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences & Research center, Bangalore. The various types of pterion were noted. All the readings were tabulated and subjected to analysis. All measurements and frequencies of the data were tabulated. The mean, standard deviation for each of the measurements were assessed. Statistical software SPSS version 16 was used. Right and left side were compared using One-Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Various types of pterion were observed. Spheno-parietal was the most predominant (78%) type, followed by epipteric (16%), stellate (4%) and fronto-temporal (2%).: The results of the present study can be utilized by neurosurgeons, radiologists, anthropologists and forensic experts. The findings can be used in future for comparing various types of pterion from a different population, race or species altogether.

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Morphometric analysis of infraorbital foramen in South Indian dry skulls

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v17i4.38316 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 562-566

Author(s):

Siddharth Tewari ◽

Chandni Gupta ◽

Vikram Palimar ◽

Sneha Guruprasad Kathur

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Medical Science ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Infraorbital Nerve ◽

Nerve Blocks ◽

Infraorbital Foramen ◽

South Indian ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

Objective- The infraorbital foramen is located on the maxillary bone 1 cm under the infraorbital margin. Infra orbital nerve blocks are done in children for managing the postoperative pain which can occur after cleft lip operation and endoscopic sinus operation. Infraorbital nerve can also be damaged in cases of zygomatic complex fractures which are one of the most common facial injuries. So, this study was undertaken to analyze the anatomical variations by comparing various morphometric measurements of infraorbital foramen in dry skulls of adult South Indian population.Materials and methods- 60 dry skulls of unknown sex were used for the study. Various measurements and distance from various surgical landmarks were measured to evaluate the location of infraorbital foramen on both sides. Statistical Analysis was done for the above measurements mean and standard deviation, median, range, and mode were calculated.Results: The mean distance of infraorbital foramen from piriform aperture, lower end of alveolus of maxilla and infraorbital margin was 18.39, 27.88 and 7.09mm on the right and 17.89, 27.31 and 6.95mm on the left side. The mean vertical and horizontal diameter was 3.78 and 3.50mm on the right side and 3.48 and 3.35mm on the left side. In our study, the most common site of IOF in Indian skulls was found to be in line with the second premolar tooth (59.01%), followed by its position between the first and second premolar tooth (27.87%).Conclusion- These results will be helpful for surgeons while doing maxillofacial surgery and regional block anesthesia.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.562-566

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Morphology of the vertebral artery in Asian population

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v5i4.6150 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 84-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maryna Alfaouri-Kornieieva ◽

Azmy M Al-Hadidi

Keyword(s):

Vertebral Artery ◽

Asian Population ◽

Outer Diameter ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

The Third ◽

Asian Patients ◽

Distal Loop ◽

The Right ◽

Occipital Lobes ◽

The Brain

Background: Recent clinical trials have shown a rising trend of stroke in Asian population. Approximately 20% strokes of total occur at the vertebrobasilar basin that supplies the occipital lobes of the brain, the cerebellum, and the brainstem. The anatomical features and variability of the third segment of the vertebral artery (VA) in Asians are analyzed in this study. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 68 consecutive Asian patients underwent MRA examination for head and neck in the Department of Radiology of Hospital of University of Jordan from 1.10.2011 to 30.04.2012. The 116 VA were analyzed on the obtained angiograms. Results: The third segment (V3) of the VA was studied according to its conventional division into vertical, horizontal, and oblique parts. The mean outer diameter of the V3 varied up 3.18 ± 0.73 to 4.28 ± 1.08 mm. The parameter prevailed on the left in 91% cases and was greater in males, than in females. The distal loop of the VA projected downward in 26 cases on the right (78%) and in 28 cases on the left (74%). The tortuosity of loop?formations of V3 was evaluated subject to angles between their ascending and descending bends. Conclusion: In comparison with other ethnic groups, the V3 of the VA in Asians has lesser outer diameter, especially along its oblique part; the zero?distance between the occipital bone and horizontal segment of VA occurs more often (up to 26%); the Lang’s III type of V3 variability is the most common in Asians. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.6150 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 84-88

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Study on Curvatures of Clavicle With Its Clinical Importance

Kathmandu University Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/kumj.v9i4.6344 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 279-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M K Haque ◽

D I Mansur ◽

K Sharma

Keyword(s):

Intramedullary Nailing ◽

Total Curvature ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

First Year ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Human Skeleton ◽

Left Clavicle ◽

Lateral Curvature ◽

The Right

Background The clavicle is the most frequently fractured bone of the human skeleton. 70–80% of fractures occur at the middle third of the shaft of the bone. Anatomical variations in the clavicle of relevance to form intramedullary fixation. Objectives The purpose of this study was attempted to know about comparative differences between curvatures of the right and left clavicles, from certain metrical parameters. Methods The materials for the present study consisted of 257 (135 right and 122 left) adult clavicles, which were collected from the Department of Anatomy and from the students of the first year M.B.B.S during the period 2010 - 2011, Department of Anatomy, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal. The deepest points of the curvatures of the clavicle, where the convexities were the maximum. These angles were measured with the help of a protractor. The sum of the two angles constituted the total curvature of the bone. Results The average medial angle, lateral angle and sum of the two angles of right side were 150.97º ±6.16 SD, 139.76º ±7.55 SD and 290.73º ±11.14 respectively and that of the left side were 151.50º ±5.67SD, 141.73º ±8.44 SD and 293.23º ±11.69SD respectively. The present study revealed that the medial and lateral angles of the left clavicle were greater than that of the right clavicle and medial curvature was more than the lateral curvature of the same clavicle. Conclusions It is important to recognize anatomical variations in the curvatures of clavicle when considering intramedullary nailing techniques. It also helps Anthropologists in their study of evolution.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i4.6344 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(4):279-82

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Occipital Emissary Foramina in South Indian Modern Human Skulls

ISRN Anatomy ◽

10.5402/2013/727489 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suruchi Singhal ◽

Roopa Ravindranath

Keyword(s):

Indian Population ◽

Modern Human ◽

Foramen Magnum ◽

Medical College ◽

South Indian ◽

Cranial Venous Sinuses ◽

New Finding ◽

Human Skulls ◽

The Right ◽

Intracranial Infections

An occipital emissary foramen has been traditionally described as a foramen present in the squamous part of the occipital bone at the occipital protuberance transmitting a vein that connects the confluence of sinuses with the occipital vein. The present study was done on 221 South Indian adult modern human skulls of unknown sex in the Department of Anatomy, St John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India. The foramen was observed in 21/221 (9.50%) skulls, 6/21 (28.57%) to the right of, 10/21 (47.61%) to the left of, and 2/21 (9.52%) on the External Occipital Crest. It was seen more often near the posterior margin of foramen magnum rather than at the External Occipital Protuberance as has been traditionally described. A new finding is that bilateral foramina were observed in 3 skulls (14.28%). The incidence was higher than seen in other Indian population. Since it is present near the foramen magnum in most cases, knowledge of the number and position of the foramen is important for suboccipital craniotomies. The extensive connections of the veins with cranial venous sinuses may lead to intracranial infections and vice versa.

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FODDER CUTTER MACHINE INJURIES OF HAND

Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jucms.v6i1.21693 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

Kishor Man Shrestha ◽

Bipan Shrestha ◽

Prakriti Raj Kandel ◽

Rajiv Baral ◽

Alok Pandey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hand Injury ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Functional Capability ◽

Cutting Machine ◽

High Incidence ◽

Epidemiological Risk ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right ◽

Agricultural Machines

Introduction: Fodder cutter machine injuries of the hand are common accidents faced in agriculture sectors requiring a specialist and contributing to severe disability and morbidity which directly affect the functional capability of an individual. However studies on these injuries have not been conducted in this country (Nepal) so we conducted this study to identify epidemiological risk factors (age, sex, site of injury, day of injury and the severity of the injury) attending Universal College of Medical Sciences (UCMS-TH), Bhairahawa. Material and Methods: This is hospital based observational study conducted at UCMS-TH, Bhairahawa among the patients attending with hand injury caused by fodder cutting machine. The study period was from August 2011 to August 2013.Results: Fifty five patients (31.7%), out of 175 patients with hand injury attending the casualty department of the hospital were caused by fodder cutter machines. The injury was more common in children below 15 yrs with the mean age of 15.755 yrs (2-57 yrs) while playing in the field (72.7%). Out of that in 25.5% of cases the injury had occurred on Saturday being a weekly holiday in Nepal. In the present study, 60% of cases were males and 49.1 % of cases had fracture of bones with high incidence of injury of the right hand which was 52.7%. Most of the cases having fractures were of Gustilo II variety (51.8%) and 90% of cases were of minor to moderate grades of severity of hand injury on grading by HISS grading.Conclusion: In the present study, most of the injuries of hand were caused by fodder cutter machine that leads to the potential for serious handicap more commonly in the children below 15yrs. So, the efforts should be made by concern authorities for improving the knowledge for safe handling and production of safer agricultural machines to reduce the accidents as well as provision of standard but affordable healthcare for victims of the accidents to reduce the accidental disability.Journal of Universal College of Medical SciencesVol. 6, No. 1, 2018, Page: 14-18

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An Investigation on the Status of Implementation of Communications and Information Management System (MCI) in Khorasan Razavi Hospitals

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n5p110 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saeed Shojaei ◽

Fereshteh Farzianpour ◽

Mohammad Arab ◽

Abbas Rahimi Foroushani

Keyword(s):

Information Management ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Information Management System ◽

Suitable Model ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Status ◽

The Mean ◽

Method R ◽

One Way Anova

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The aim of this investigation is to determine the mean scores of the possibility of implementing the MCI standards in Khorasan Razavi hospitals, from the perspective of Managers, in order to provide a suitable model for evaluating and promoting the system. METHODS: This was a Research and method (R&D) and Survey Research method, which is of the type of Cross- Sectional, descriptive-analytic Studies conducted in two steps in hospitals of Khorasan Razavi from July to December 2014. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) in 2013/6/10. About the nature and purpose of the study was explained to the participants. Were used to apply functional assessment, based on Accreditation Model. In order to collect data, two questionnaires were used, all of which were taken from the standards of MCI. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were approved by experts.Cronbach's alphas for the questionnaires were obtained to be (0.95, 0.86), respectively. In order to analyze information, statistical analyses, including one way ANOVA, and Independent sample t-test were used. RESULTS: The mean scores of the possibility of implementing the MCI standards in Khorasan Razavi hospitals, were (51.6 and 12.27), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: According to half (43.8%) of managers, the MCI standards are applicable in hospitals of Khorasan Razavi; however, their application requires greater efforts by the hospitals.

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Tomographic Evaluation of Mandibular Thickness on Premolar and Molar Regions Related to Monocortical Screws

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction ◽

10.1055/s-0035-1566162 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 105-108

Author(s):

Jonathan Ribeiro ◽

Charles Marin ◽

Nicolas Homsi ◽

Hernando Rocha Junior ◽

Luiz Magacho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ct Scan ◽

Safety Margin ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Cortical Plate ◽

Rigid Fixation ◽

The Mean ◽

Post Hoc ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Molar Region ◽

Monocortical Screws

The aim of this study was to measure the thickness of the mandible from the external cortical plate to the teeth roots on premolar and molar regions using CT scan to determine the safety margin for the application of monocortical screws for internal rigid fixation. Thirty-one patients underwent CT-scan imaging for surgical planning. The images were used to measure bilaterally the distance from the external cortex of the mandible to the roots of teeth on premolar and molar region by means of Dental Slice software (Bioparts Prototipagem Biomedica, Brasília, DF, Brazil). Mean, median, standard deviation, one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis. No statistical differences for thickness were found between right and left side ( p = 0.1652). The mean thickness for the left side was 4.17 ± 1.68 mm and for right side 3.93 ± 1.49 mm. Increase in mandibular thickness from anterior to posterior regions in both sides was observed and statistical difference was found among the different groups according to the measured region ( p < 0.05). The present results can predict the safety zone for the use of monocortical screws in the mandible, but the use of CT scan is imperative and individual analysis is desired owing to anatomical variations. Further studies with larger samples are necessary to confirm these data and should include other anatomic structures, different regions of mandible/maxilla, as well as other ethnic groups.

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The Location and Diameter of the Primary Maxillary Sinus Ostium in Malaysians: A Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography Study

Journal of Big Data Research ◽

10.14302/issn.2768-0207.jbr-20-3194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

Sanual S. Peter ◽

Phrabhakaran Nambiar ◽

Subramaniam Krishnan ◽

Nisreen Mohammed AL-Namnam

Keyword(s):

Anatomical Variation ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Bilateral Asymmetry ◽

Chinese Populations ◽

Cone Beam Computerized Tomography ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right ◽

Sinus Ostium

Rhinosinusitis is one of widely spread diseases in the region and the role of the anatomical variations in its pathogenesis remains unresolved. A retrospective study using CBCT scan was employed to locate and measure the diameter of 320 primary maxillary ostium (PMO) (n = 160 subjects) among the Malay and Chinese populations (Mongoloid race) in Malaysia. Image analysis was performed using the i-CAT Vision Software, employing the multiplanar reconstruction window in which axial, coronal and sagittal planes were visualized in 0.3 mm intervals. The mean diameter of the PMO was significantly larger in the Chinese than the Malay. Females had larger size than the male and bilateral asymmetry was noticed, where the right side PMO was larger than the left side (p < 0.05). In addition, PMO opened more in the posterior third position of the hiatus semilunaris (61.9%) than anterior and middle third. The PMO showed a statistically significant posteriorly placed position in the Chinese than the Malays and this was more evident in the right side PMO (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the PMO commonly opens in the posterior third of the hiatus semilunaris and its diameter is significantly greater in the Chinese female with evidence of bilateral asymmetry. Awareness the anatomical variation of the Ostium diameter and location among the Malay and Chinese populations potentially has important clinical effects during surgical procedures.

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Influence of Anterior Guidance on the Inclination of Horizontal Condylar Guidance in Dentulous Subjects - A Clinical Study

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/424 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (28) ◽

pp. 2072-2077

Author(s):

Naresh Shetty ◽

Sanath Shetty ◽

Hasan Sarfaraz ◽

Syed Ghouse Ahmed ◽

Fahad Mohammad

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Mean Values ◽

Incisal Edge ◽

Anterior Guidance ◽

Correlation Tests ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Right ◽

Interocclusal Records ◽

One Way Anova

BACKGROUND One of the most widely used methods to record horizontal condylar guidance is the use of protrusive interocclusal records. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the reliability of protrusive interocclusal record with and without the influence of anterior determinant on horizontal condylar guidance among dentulous patients. METHODS Diagnostic impressions of 21 participants were made and casts were poured. Facebow record were obtained and transferred to semi-adjustable articulator. Protrusive interocclusal records were made using Alu-wax. In group 1, protrusive interocclusal records were obtained at incisal edge to edge position (conventional method). In group 2, 3 and 4 protrusive interocclusal records were obtained at a distance of 4 mm, 6 mm and at incisal edge to edge position respectively using a customized flat anterior jig. Programming of the Hanau articulator were done for all the 4 groups. One-way ANOVA test and Pearson’s correlation tests were done to compare and correlate horizontal condylar guidance. RESULTS The mean values obtained for flat anterior jig at incisal edge to edge position, at 4 mm and 6 mm provided good Pearson correlation values for the right (R = 0.773, R = 0.779, R = 0.632) as well as the left side (R = 0.631, R = 0.601, R = 0.545) respectively, on comparison with the conventional incisal edge to edge values. This indicated a positive correlation which was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The horizontal condylar guidance is influenced by anterior determinant. Therefore, the reliability of protrusive records is dependent on eliminating the influence of anterior determinant. KEY WORDS Horizontal Condylar Guidance, Anterior Determinant, Protrusive Interocclusal Records

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A Comprehensive Study on Supratrochlear Foramen of Human Humerus and its Clinical Significance - A Review.

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/2222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 1197-1207

Author(s):

Lalita BT ◽

Yuvaraj Maria Francis ◽

Balaji K ◽

Gunapriya Raghunath ◽

Kumaresan M

Keyword(s):

Cystic Lesion ◽

Indian Population ◽

South Indian Population ◽

Lateral Epicondyle ◽

Inferior Margin ◽

Orthopedic Surgeons ◽

South Indian ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right ◽

Comprehensive Study

The lower end of humerus has numerous fossae which play a significant role during extreme movements. Coronoid fossa and olecranon fossa are separated by a delicate supratrochlear septum; occasionally septum has perforation and form an aperture, named as Supratrochlear foramen (STF). The knowledge of this foramen will be beneficial for anatomists, anthropologists, orthopedic surgeons, and radiologists. The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence and morphometry of STF of the humerus in South Indian population and to correlate with the previous studies. The present prospective study was carried out with 274 (146 left sided + 127 right sided) dried humeri of unknown sex and age. The distal humeri were examined for the presence of STF, morphometry such as diverse shapes, vertical and horizontal diameters, and distance from STF to medial, lateral epicondyle and also to the inferior margin of trochlea using digital vernier caliper. In the present study, out of 274 dried humeri, 69 showed presence of STF, 163 were translucent and 42 were opaque. The prevalence of STF was 25.18%. After keen observation, shapes of the STF were categorized accordingly. The oval (42%) showed higher percentage whereas the other shapes showed as follows: - irregular (12%), round (19%), rectangular (12%), reniform (9.7%), sieve (7.3%) and triangular (2%). The mean vertical and transverse diameters of STF on the right side were 3.12 ± 1.09 and 5.5 ± 1.83mm and on the left side, it was 3.47± 1.32 and 4.9± 1.5mm respectively. The mean distance from STF to medial and lateral epicondyle on the right side was 25.12± 3.1 and 28.09± 2.3mm and for the left side 24.97± 2.9mm and 27.16± 2.4mm respectively. The anatomical knowledge regarding the supratrochlear foramen is much promising for the orthopaedic surgeons during intramedullary nailing for supracondylar fracture of humerus. STF appears as a radiolucent area in radiographs, which may pose a difficulty for the radiologist in differentiating it from an osteolytic or cystic lesion. In addition, STF is predominantly found in the primates, it may act an evolutionary link between the humans and lower animals.

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