scholarly journals A comparative study of efficacy of chloroquine phosphate 0.03% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 1% in dry eye

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
Vandana Sharma ◽  
Parag Tyagi ◽  
J P Chugh ◽  
R S Chauhan ◽  
Ashok Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Group 2

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the tear film which leads to ocular discomfort, visual disturbances and damage to ocular surface. The objective of treatment of DED has now shifted from managemnt of ocular symptoms and patient relief to attainment of normal physiological composition of the tear film.Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of chloroquine phosphate 0.03% (CQP) eye drops with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 1% (CMC) eye drops in the management of DED. A single blind, prospective and comparative study including 100 patients of dry eyes was planned. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, each comprising of 50 patients. Group-1 patients were given CMC 1% eye drops 4 times a day for 12 weeks and Group-2 patients were given CQP 0.03% eye drops as the treatment modality 2 times a day for 12 weeks. The efficacy of both the drugs was compared and evaluated statistically. The study showed that both CQP and CMC eye drops are effective in treating DED, although faster onset of action was observed with CQP on ocular surface staining tests and Schirmer’s test. Also, it was noted that patients with severe DED showed least improvement in both the groups suggesting that mono-drug therapy is least effective in treatment of severe DED and multi drug therapy should be used early in treatment of severe DED.

A study to assess the efficacy of topical cyclosporine A 0.05% in the management of dry eye with meibomiam gland dysfunction

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-671
Author(s):  
Prajwalli Reddy ◽  
Wajeeha Umam
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

: Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface. Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is an abnormality of the meibomian gland that blocks the secretion of lipids. Without sufficient lipid production, tears evaporate quickly causing Dry Eye.MGD is associated with multiple pathological mechanisms including inflammation, microbial factors and lipid deficiencies. Topical Cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.05% is a calcineurin inhibitor that reduces inflammation by specifically inhibiting T‑cell activity, which reduces ocular surface inflammation and improves tear film dynamics. This was a prospective observational study done on 100 patients at the Department of Ophthalmology Basaveshwar teaching and general hospital, on patients of dry eyes due to meibomian gland dysfunction. Patients who were diagnosed with dry eyes due to meibomian gland dysfunction were invited to take part in the study. Patients were divided randomly into two groups of 50 patients each. This study, was explained in detail to them. An informed consent was obtained. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were listed.All OSDI scores (symptom intensity, frequency and aggravation) revealed decreasing patterns throughout the observation period in both the groups. In single analysis, the cyclosporine A 0.05% group showed a significant improvement for each score at 3 months (p < 0.01, p = 0.01, p = 0.02, respectively). The mean TBUT after treatment in the group A (cyclosporine A group) increased to 12.36± 3.58(p<0.001) seconds, and in the group B (Control group) the TBUT score increased to 11.01±3.06 seconds. After 3 Months, there was statistically significant improvement in the mean Schirmer’s scores in both the treatment groups, however improvement was significantly greater in Cyclosporine A group. Prior to the treatment in group A (Cyclosporine A) mean Lissamine staining score was 2.73±0.15 and post treatment it reduced to 1.32±0.15 which was statistically significant (P<0.001). In group B (Control group) score before treatment was 2.46±0.15 and after treatment it reduced to 2.39±0.27 (p=0.11), not much difference was seen. : Findings from our study showed that there were significant improvements in the dry eye conditions due to defect in meibomian gland by treatment of topical Cyclosporine A 0.05% and sodium hyaluronate 0.1%.

scholarly journals The Effects of Topical Antiglaucoma Drugs as Monotherapy on the Ocular Surface: A Prospective Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevda Aydin Kurna ◽  
Semih Acikgoz ◽  
Ahmet Altun ◽  
Nurver Ozbay ◽  
Tomris Sengor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Breakup Time ◽  
Corneal Staining

Purpose. The aim was to compare the effects of antiglaucoma eye drops on the tear functions and ocular surface.Method. Eighty-five eyes of 43 patients with glaucoma were included into this randomized prospective study. Timolol without preservative (1), timolol with benzododecinium bromide (2), latanoprost (3), bimatoprost (4), travoprost with benzalkonium chloride (5), and brimonidine with purite (6) were given to 6 groups. Schirmer I, tear film breakup time (TBUT), staining scores, and impression cytology samples were evaluated before and during 12-month-follow-up period.Results. At the end of 12 months, there was no detected change in Schirmer I and TBUT tests indicating dry eye. Corneal staining scores were higher in groups 1 and 2, while conjunctival staining scores were higher in group 6. Goblet cell count decreased in groups 1 and 5 in superior and inferior, group 2 in superior, and groups 3 and 6 in inferior conjunctiva. Squamous metaplasia grades showed a significant increase in groups 1 and 2 at 3rd, 6th, and 12th month controls (P<0.05).Conclusion. We observed nonserious impact on tear functions and ocular surface with antiglaucoma monotherapy. Beta blockers induced more damage on the ocular surface suggesting the role of the dosing and active substances beside preservatives.

scholarly journals Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameera Irfan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Dry Eyes

Dry eyes is a common, chronic condition that has a prevalence of about 5- 50%.1 According to the Dry Eye Workshop II report (DEWS II report), published in 2017, the updated definition of Dry Eye Disease is, “a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterised by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and accompanied by ocular symptoms, in which tear film instability and hyper-osmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities play etiological roles.” The Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) released their report on the international work on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD)2 in 2011, which defined MGD, classified it and considered it as the primary cause of dry eye disease worldwide. Previously dry eye disease was considered as an aqueous deficiency problem, but after this report by TFOS, there is a paradigm shift towards “not producing enough lipids to retain the tears that are being produced”. This has led to a huge impact on the treatment protocols which were previously focused on managing the sequelae and symptoms of dry eyes rather than targeting directly on the underlying cause, the MGD. It has now been accepted worldwide that dry eye occurs when the ocular surface system cannot adequately protect itself from the desiccating stress due to the lack of a healthy meibomian gland secretion. This article is mainly focussed on the Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, discussing the normal anatomy of the glands, how they are affected by disease, its implications on the ocular surface and finally, the various treatment strategies. Key words: Blepharitis, Dry eyes, Meibomian gland dysfunction, blepharospasm.

scholarly journals Current treatment modalities for dry eye disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
E.B. Tatarnikova ◽  
◽  
O.I. Krivosheina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

For many years, dry eye disease (DED) is a common ophthalmic condition associated with ocular surface damage and loss of homeostasis of the tear film. The key pathogenic factors of DED are tear film instability and tear hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory alterations. Current treatment for DED consists of non-medical therapies, tear substitutes, anti-inflammatory agents, and surgical procedures. These treatments improve disease course and quality of life. However, these treatments are largely palliative as long-term (and even life-long) installation of eye drops is required. Modern and effective treatments for DED are needed. This paper reviews domestic and foreign published data on the important therapies for DED and novel tools to promote symptom relief. These data are required for the understanding of the pharmacological effects of various drug classes prescribed for DED and early treatment initiation. Keywords: dry eye disease, tear replacement therapy, anti-inflammatory treatment, surgery, hyaluronic acid, preservatives. For citation: Tatarnikova E.B., Krivosheina O.I. Current treatment modalities for dry eye disease. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(1):18–23. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-1-18-23.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a Novel Integrated Active Herbal Formulation in Experimentally Induced Rat Model for Dry Eye Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 441-441
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Morde ◽  
Omer Ersin Muz ◽  
Cemal Orhan ◽  
Fusun Erten ◽  
Mehmet Tuzcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Active Formulation

Abstract Objectives Dry eye is common condition of eye with insufficient production of tears leading to inadequate lubrication of eyes. It is chronic in nature & may be associated with discomfort & eye redness, blurred vision & tear film instability leading to potentially damaged ocular surfaces. Inflammation & oxidative stress play significant role in pathogenesis of disease by causing ocular surface disruption. Traditional Rx for dry eyes such as artificial tears, punctual plugs, prescription eye drops, etc. doesn't adequately address underlying causes of dry eyes. Further many of treatments are in form of eye drops that require regular administration to eyes, which is inconvenient & contains preservatives that further irritate eyes. We evaluated integrated active formulation administered orally to alleviate symptoms of dry eyes in rat model. Methods We used proprietary formulation technology to blend multiple ingredients into an integrated oil suspension (OS) that can be conveniently used in an oral dosage form. Ingredients included bioavailable form of Curcumin, Lutein/Zeaxanthin (L/Z) and Vit D3 formulated as an integrated product. Dry eye condition was created by administration of BAK (benzalkonium chloride) to eyes of female Wistar rat twice daily for 14 days, followed by initiation of supplementation by administering integrated dry eye formulation by oral gavage for 4 weeks at dose of 100 & 200 mg/kg b.w. to evaluate effect of this novel formulation. 7 rats were included in each group. Results There was significant improvement in tear volume, tear breakup time, tear film integrity & reduced overall inflammation, histopathological examination with supplementation. Our formulation helped in lowering oxidative stress as evidenced by significant reduced serum & corneal MDA, increased corneal SOD & corneal GPx. Levels of inflammatory cytokines such as NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 & IL-8 were significantly reduced & protective proteins such as MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC and MMP-9 were restored by supplementation with integrated dry eye formulation which were otherwise lowered in dry eye condition. Conclusions Our results strongly suggest that our novel integrated active formulation of Curcumin, L/Z, Vit D3 is effective in alleviating symptoms of dry eye condition with multi-modal mechanism of action in dose dependent manner. Funding Sources OmniActive Health Technologies Limited.

Changes in conjunctival epithelial cells after treatment with 0.2% xanthan gum eye drops in mild-moderate dry eye

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
Elisa Imelde Postorino ◽  
Pasquale Aragona ◽  
Laura Rania ◽  
Rosaria Spinella ◽  
Domenico Puzzolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Impression Cytology ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: To study the effects of xanthan gum eye drops on the ocular surface and conjunctival cytology of patients with mild-moderate dry eye. Methods: This prospective, double-masked, controlled trial included 30 patients (age > 60 and Ocular Surface Disease Index score >12 and <33), divided into two groups of 15 subjects and treated with 0.2% xanthan gum eye drops (group 1) or 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (group 2) qid. After a run-in period with saline qid, patients were evaluated by Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, clinical assessment, and impression cytology at baseline (T0) and after 1 month (T1). For impression cytology, cellularity, cell-to-cell contacts, nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, chromatin aspect, goblet cells distribution, keratinization, and the presence of inflammatory cells were considered. Parameters were scored from 0 (no alterations) to 3 (evident alterations). For statistical analysis, Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and Mann–Whitney U-test were used. Results: Clinically, after 1 month of treatment, group 1 showed an improvement of corneal stain (T0 = 1.1 ± 1.4; T1 = 0.5 ± 0.7; p = 0.03) and a reduction of Schirmer I test (T0 = 9.8 ± 6.1; T1 = 5.9 ± 4.1; p = 0.001). In group 2, no differences were found between T0 and T1 for all the clinical tests. For impression cytology, in group 1 cellularity (T0 = 0.6 ± 0.5; T1 = 0.3 ± 0.5; p = 0.05), chromatin aspect (T0 = 1.2 ± 0.4; T1 = 0.8 ± 0.5; p = 0.01), keratinization (T0 = 1 ± 0.7; T1 = 0.5 ± 0.5; p = 0.03), and total score (T0 = 5.8 ± 1.3; T1 = 3.6 ± 1.7; p = 0.003) were significantly ameliorated, while in group 2 only total score improved significantly (T0 = 5 ± 1.4; T1 = 4.3 ± 1.5; p = 0.01). The comparison between groups showed significant amelioration for keratinization in group 1 at T1 (p = 0.02). Conclusion: The treatment with xanthan gum, a molecule with anti-oxidant and mucoadhesive properties, ameliorated conjunctival epithelium of mild-moderate dry eye patients better than carboxymethylcellulose.

Dry eye and Meibomian gland dysfunction evaluation in sarcoidosis patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110065
Author(s):  
Pelin Kiyat ◽  
Melis Palamar ◽  
Bengu Gerceker Turk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: To analyze the relation between Meibomian gland dysfunction, dry eye, and sarcoidosis. Materials and Methods: Twenty eyes of 10 sarcoidosis patients (Group 1) and 20 left eyes of 20 age-sex matched healthy volunteers (Group 2) were included. Presence of dry eye was evaluated with Schirmer 1 test, tear film break-up time (T-BUT), Oxford scale scoring, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score assessments. A slit-lamp biomicroscope infrared filter (Topcon, SL-D701, IJssel, The Netherlands) was used to evaluate Meibomian glands. The drop-out ratio according to meibography was scored for each eyelid from grade 0 (no loss) through grade 3 (lost area >2/3 of the total Meibomian gland area). Results: Among dry eye tests mean Schirmer 1 and T-BUT values were lower and OSDI score was higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and the differences were statistically significant ( p = 0.017, p = 0.039, p = 0.003, respectively). In addition, the upper, lower and total meiboscores were statistically significantly higher in Group 1 ( p = 0.047, p = 0.003, p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusion: A significantly higher presence of dry eye and Meibomian gland drop out ratios was detected in sarcoidosis patients. It is important to monitor sarcoidosis patients for dry eye and Meibomian gland dysfunction and when detected, to treat adequately to prevent ocular surface damage.

scholarly journals Aging: A Predisposition to Dry Eyes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anushree Sharma ◽  
Holly B. Hindman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
Visual Acuity Loss

Dry eye syndrome is a disease of the ocular surface and tear film that is prevalent in older adults. Even though the degree of visual acuity loss in dry eye patients is commonly mild-to-moderate, in the aging population, this minimal change in visual status can lead to a significant decrease in visual function and quality of life. A healthy ocular surface is maintained by appropriate tear production and tear drainage, and deficiencies in this delicate balance can lead to dryness. In the aging eye, risk factors such as polypharmacy, androgen deficiency, decreased blink rates, and oxidative stress can predispose the patient to developing dry eye that is frequently more severe, has higher economic costs, and leads to worse consequences to the well-being of the patient. Understanding why elderly patients are at higher risk for developing dry eyes can provide insights into the diagnosis and management of the growing number of older adults struggling with dry eye and minimize the burden of disease on our aging population.

scholarly journals Dry Eye Disease and Pterygium

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munir Baig Rabeeya Munir
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Film Instability

Purpose: To find the changes in tear film and ocular surface in patients with pterygium. Study Design: A descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Federal Government Services Hospital Islamabad during June 2013 to December 2014. Material and Methods: Dry eye questionnaire (DEQ-6) was administered by a trained researcher and DE tests were performed in all 256 willing subjects (136 with pterygium+120 control) age 30-76 years, by a single surgeon under same physical conditions after taking the consent and approval from Hospital Ethical committee. Diagnosis was made on presence of both symptoms and tear film parameters. Statistical analysis by simple percentages. Results: Dry eyes (DE) were found in 73 (53.7%) of the pterygium cases and 28 (23.5%) of the normal patients. In this study, 55 (40.5%) patients were symptomatic, defined as reporting 1 or more DE symptoms often or all the time. There were 53 (39%) patients that showed corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) and 69 (51%) showed plugging/mucous threads in both groups. Of 136 eyes with pterygium there were 91 (67%) males and 45 (33%) females. Out of these 50 (36.7%) patients showed normal tear film and 86 (63.2%) showed deranged functions. Moreover, among the 120 control eyes there were 73 (61%) males and 47 (39%)] females. Out of these 86 (72.3%) patients were normal and 34 (27.7%) had abnormal functions. These values were reduced indicating altered tear film in these patients. Conclusion: Pterygium disturbs tear functions causing dry eye like symptoms. Key Words: Dry eye, pterygium, tear film instability, ocular surface.

Effect of changing from preserved prostaglandins to preservative-free tafluprost in patients with glaucoma on tear film thickness

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Hommer ◽  
Doreen Schmidl ◽  
Martina Kromus ◽  
Ahmed M Bata ◽  
Klemens Fondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Life Score ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Preservative Free

Purpose: Long-term glaucoma therapy with preservative-containing eye drops may impact ocular surface health. This study was performed to investigate whether a switch from preserved topical prostaglandin therapy to preservative-free tafluprost therapy improves precorneal tear film thickness in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Methods: A total of 30 patients who were under topical preservative-containing prostaglandin monotherapy for at least 6 months were included. Patients were then switched from preserved prostaglandin therapy to unpreserved tafluprost drops once daily. Tear film thickness was measured at baseline and 4 and 12 weeks after therapy change with an ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography system. Furthermore, clinical measures of ocular surface disease were determined and symptoms were assessed using the Dry Eye–Related Quality-of-Life Score. Results: After switching to unpreserved tafluprost, tear film thickness significantly increased from 4.7 ± 0.5 to 5.0 ± 0.6 µm 4 weeks after therapy change and still tended to be increased after 12 weeks (4.8 ± 0.7 µm). Breakup time significantly increased from 5.1 ± 2.3 to 7.2 ± 3.4 s and to 10.1 ± 3.6 s after therapy change. In addition, a significant decrease in corneal staining score from 1.8 ± 0.7 to 1.4 ± 0.8 after 4 weeks and to 0.7 ± 0.7 after 12 weeks treatment was observed. Switching to preservative-free drops reduced Dry Eye–Related Quality-of-Life Score from 11.4 ± 11.0 to 5.7 ± 6.4 and to 4.7 ± 7.5. Conclusion: Our data show that switching to preservative-free tafluprost leads to an increase in tear film thickness, breakup time, and an improvement of Dry Eye–Related Quality-of-Life Score. Our results therefore indicate that a switch to unpreserved tafluprost is beneficial for ocular surface health in patients under long-term preserved prostaglandin eye drops.

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