Assessment of computer game stressor on cognitive functions, parameters of stress and its effect on stress parameters after long term exercise

Abstract Background Modification of the gut microbiota has been reported to reduce the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). We hypothesized that the gut microbiota shifts might also have an effect on cognitive functions in T1D. Herein we used a non-absorbable antibiotic vancomycin to modify the gut microbiota in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice and studied the impact of microbial changes on cognitive performances in T1D mice and its potential gut-brain neural mechanism. Results We found that vancomycin exposure disrupted the gut microbiome, altered host metabolic phenotypes, and facilitated cognitive impairment in T1D mice. Long-term acetate deficiency due to depletion of acetate-producing bacteria resulted in the reduction of synaptophysin (SYP) in the hippocampus as well as learning and memory impairments. Exogenous acetate supplement or fecal microbiota transplant recovered hippocampal SYP level in vancomycin-treated T1D mice, and this effect was attenuated by vagal inhibition or vagotomy. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the protective role of microbiota metabolite acetate in cognitive functions and suggest long-term acetate deficiency as a risk factor of cognitive decline.

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Effects of long-term oral administration of silver nanoparticles on the cognitive functions of mammals

Токсикологический вестник ◽

10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-6-33-38 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

Anna Alexandrovna Antsiferova ◽

Marina Yurievna Kopaeva ◽

Vyacheslav Nikolaevich Kochkin ◽

Pavel Konstantinovich Kashkarov

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Dietary Supplement ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

High Demand ◽

Gastrointestinal Infections ◽

Impaired Cognitive Function ◽

Potential Risks ◽

The Brain

Introduction. Since the beginning of the XXI century, silver nanoparticles have been widely used in various industries, medicine and pharmaceuticals due to their pronounced antibacterial, antiviral and fungicidal properties. In connection with such a high demand for the use of silver nanoparticles, it is very important to understand the associated potential risks from their use. Materials and methods. In the course of the work, there has been a study of the effects of the long-term oral administration of a commercially produced dietary supplement based on silver nanoparticles with a size of 34 nm and stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone in an amount of 50 μg/day/animal on the cognitive functions of C57Bl/6 mice, as well as their accumulation in the brain by the method of instrumental neutron activation analysis. The dietary supplement used is recommended for people as a treatment for gastrointestinal infections. Results. It was found that after 180 days of administration, silver nanoparticles impair long-term contextual memory, and over time, the content of silver in the brain increases. Conclusion. Presumably impaired cognitive function with accumulation of silver in the brains of mice. This poses the risk of prolonged oral use of the silver nanoparticles.

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The Long-Term Effect of Single-Cure and Multi-Cure rTMS Applied in Addition to Pharmacological Treatment on Cognitive Functions in Alzheimer’s Disease

10.5152/archealthscires.2021.21016 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Busra SAHIN ◽

◽

Feyza Dogan OZDAMAR ◽

Miray BUDAK ◽

Lutfu HANOGLU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Pharmacological Treatment ◽

Term Effect ◽

Long Term Effect

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IMPACT OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION AND ROLE OF PHYSICAL EXERCISES TO ENHANCE COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS AMONG SUBJECTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

10.36106/5336413 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 47-48

Author(s):

Manju Unnikrishnan ◽

Titto Cherian

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Ability ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Causes Of Mortality

Diabetes has become a widespread epidemic, characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from an error in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, and is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Studies reveal that diabetes is linked to long-term complications in the brain, which appear in the form of impaired cognitive ability compared to people without diabetes( Van Duinkerken et al 2020). Reduced physical performance is one of the most important problems faced by patients which has a direct relationship with an individual's cognitive ability. The study aims to analyse the direct and positive relationship between physical exercise and cognitive functions among people with type 2 diabetes, so this must be veried along with gaining a comprehensive understanding of cognitive impairment in diabetes and its effect on physical performance. vice versa. This study is based on the reviewed research results of various researchers. In this study, the term "cognitive impairment" in relation to diabetes refers to any deviation in cognitive performance compared to people without diabetes.

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