scholarly journals Iatrogenic subcutaneous emphysema – A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-301
Author(s):  
Vaishali Gupta ◽  
Munish Singla ◽  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Litik Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Loose Connective Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Entrapped Air

Subcutaneous tissue emphysema in general terms is defined as an abnormal presence of air under pressure, along or between fascial planes. A sudden blast of air, during an ongoing endodontic treatment or an endodontic surgery can sometimes cause movement of this air through the loose connective tissue layers to distant areas. In case of occurrence of emphysema, the condition should be carefully examined as the entire diagnosis is based merely on clinical examination. The clinician should be aware of the common causes, characteristic diagnostic features, possible complications and the management of the condition. This entrapped air in some cases is self healing and in some cases can lead to serious complications and death. The case report described is a successful management of unintentional and unfortunate tissue emphysema. The case report also emphasis on the importance of timely and accurate diagnosis of the condition.

scholarly journals Septic emboli resulting in an acutely ischaemic lower limb: a case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. e60-e61 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Arterial Embolism ◽  
Cardiac Pathology ◽  
Septic Emboli ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia

Sources of arterial embolism range from the common, such as cardiac pathology, to less common causes. We present a case of an acutely ischaemic lower limb due to septic emboli from Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia.

EXTRASKELETAL CHONDROMA AS A CAUSE OF CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT

Hand Surgery ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cumming ◽  
A. Massraf ◽  
J. W. M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
The Common ◽  
Space Occupying Lesion

We report a case of carpal tunnel syndrome as a result of an extraosseous chondroma in a 47-year-old gentleman. This case demonstrates the importance of clinical examination and occasional radiographs in this not uncommon condition. We also highlight that this well known entrapment syndrome is not only caused by the common causes that we all know, but also any space-occupying lesion in the carpal tunnel compressing the median nerve.

scholarly journals Secondary lymphedema: Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Smitha Ancy Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Secondary Lymphedema ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common

Secondary lymphedema follows an acquired defect in the lymphatic system. The common causes leading to a defective lymphatic function include infection, inflammation, malignancy, trauma, obesity, immobility, and therapeutic interventions. Understanding the pathogenesis of lymphedema is of prime importance in offering effective treatment. The pathogenetic mechanisms such as lymphatic valvular insufficiency, obliteration/ disruption of lymphatic vessels, and decreased lymphatic contractility aggravate lymphatic hypertension and lymphstasis. Accumulation of lymph, interstitial fluid, proteins, and glycosaminoglycans within the skin and subcutaneous tissue eventually stimulates collagen production by fibroblasts, causes disruption of elastic fibers, and activates keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and adipocytes. These result in thickening of skin and cause fibrosis of subcutaneous tissue. However, the sequence of these pathomechanisms, their inter-relationship and progression vary depending on the specific etiology of the lymphedema. In this article, we discuss the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis. Further studies to delineate the exact sequence of pathogenic processes surrounding the primary triggering event can help to formulate tailored therapeutic approaches.

Refractory Yet Transient Neonatal Hypocalcemia Due to Hitherto Undiagnosed Asymptomatic Maternal Hyperparathyroidism: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 097321792110474
Author(s):  
Sirisha Kusuma Boddu ◽  
Neelima Kharidehal ◽  
Kalyan Chakravarthy Balla
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Neonatal Seizures ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neonatal Hypocalcemia

Hypocalcemia is one of the common causes of neonatal seizures and can result in significant morbidity. Among the multitude of etiologies, hypoparathyroidism as a consequence of maternal hyperparathyroidism is an uncommon one. We describe a neonate who presented with hypocalcemic seizures with relative hypoparathyroidism that unmasked a previously undiagnosed and asymptomatic maternal hyperparathyroidism, and explore the difficulties encountered in the management. Despite initial recalcitrance of hypocalcemia to therapy, parathyroid suppression was transient and recovered completely in few months.

scholarly journals Secondary lymphedema: Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Smitha Ancy Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Secondary Lymphedema ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common

Secondary lymphedema follows an acquired defect in the lymphatic system. The common causes leading to a defective lymphatic function include infection, inflammation, malignancy, trauma, obesity, immobility, and therapeutic interventions. Understanding the pathogenesis of lymphedema is of prime importance in offering effective treatment. The pathogenetic mechanisms such as lymphatic valvular insufficiency, obliteration/ disruption of lymphatic vessels, and decreased lymphatic contractility aggravate lymphatic hypertension and lymphstasis. Accumulation of lymph, interstitial fluid, proteins, and glycosaminoglycans within the skin and subcutaneous tissue eventually stimulates collagen production by fibroblasts, causes disruption of elastic fibers, and activates keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and adipocytes. These result in thickening of skin and cause fibrosis of subcutaneous tissue. However, the sequence of these pathomechanisms, their inter-relationship and progression vary depending on the specific etiology of the lymphedema. In this article, we discuss the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis. Further studies to delineate the exact sequence of pathogenic processes surrounding the primary triggering event can help to formulate tailored therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Myelonecrosis: A Clinicopathological Study from a Tertiary Care Center in South India over a Twelve-Year Period

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinkala Sree Rekha ◽  
Rakhee Kar ◽  
Debdatta Basu
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Solid Malignancies ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Underlying Disorder

Aims. To study the etiology, diagnostic features, and clinical significance of myelonecrosis. Methods. A retrospective review of all trephine biopsies done over 12 years (January 2000 to December 2012) in Department of pathology was done and all trephine biopsies showing MN were identified and studied. Results. Twenty-five cases accounting for 0.4% were identified. Fever and generalized weakness were the common presenting symptoms. Anemia was seen in all cases followed by thrombocytopaenia. Malignancy was the underlying cause in 64% of cases; hematolymphoid malignancy was seen in two-thirds and solid malignancies in one-third of the cases. Tuberculosis accounted for 16% of the cases and the etiology was unknown in 12%. Conclusions. The causes of MN are varied and hematological malignancy and solid malignancies are the most common causes. Presence of myelonecrosis is associated with a poor prognosis. Myelonecrosis may obscure the underlying disorder and hence a thorough search in the bone marrow biopsy itself with the help of immunohistochemistry may prove worthwhile in identifying the underlying disease.

scholarly journals Diffuse Idiopathic calcinosis cutis: a case report in a 13-year-old Syrian boy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talha Tawekji ◽  
Mohammad-Nasan Abdul-Baki ◽  
Yaseen Dhemesh ◽  
Thaer Douri
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Calcinosis Cutis ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
The Common

Abstract Calcinosis cutis is characterized by the deposition of calcium salts in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It is divided into the following subtypes: dystrophic, metastatic, iatrogenic, idiopathic and calciphylaxis. In this case, we report a 13-year-old Syrian boy with idiopathic calcinosis cutis, the lesions were unusually widespread, unlike the common condition which is usually localized to one area. The case was unrelated to any systemic or local disorders, and the patient had no complications, so no treatment was planned. As the best of our knowledge, there are very few cases of diffuse or widespread idiopathic calcinosis cutis. We analyzed the clinical, laboratory, radiographical and pathological characteristics of our patient, which helped us to reach the final diagnosis. We will discuss the pathogenesis, investigation and management of this disease.

Integrated approach of ceramic and composite veneers in tetracycline stained teeth: A case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
K.T Divya ◽  
G. Satish
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common

Abstract Tooth discoloration is one of the most frequent reasons that one seeks dental care. The common causes of tooth discoloration are fluorosis, enamel hypoplasia, tetracycline staining etc. Based on the severity of discoloration, treatment may vary from more conservative treatment like bleaching to more extensive treatments involving full crowns and veneers. The purpose of this article was to report the advanced treatment options and their integrated use for generalized intrinsic discoloration caused by Tetracycline encompassing bleaching to lighten the discoloration followed by Direct and Indirect veneer restorations using Composite resin and Ceramic respectively. How to cite this article Divya KT, Satish G. Integrated approach of ceramic and composite veneers in tetracycline stained teeth: A case report. CODS J Dent 2014;6;45-48

scholarly journals Anesthetic Management in a Patient With Surgical Excision of Spinal Cords Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-165
Author(s):  
Faranak Behnaz ◽  
Nima Saeedi ◽  
Amir Saied Seddighi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common

Echinococcosis granulosus is the leading cause of spinal hydatid disease. Hydatidosis of the bone happens in 0.5%-3% of all the cases: the involvement in the vertebral column is 50%. In the endemic areas, one of the common causes of spinal cord compression is hydatid disease, and the diagnosis may remain obscure until specifying symptoms ensuing from complications due to root and cord compression. We present a case of recurrent spinal cords hydatid cyst in a 44 years old patient because it occurs rarely, and anesthetic management in such cases has never evaluated before.

scholarly journals Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Presenting as a Skull Metastases: Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
Yam Bahadur Roka ◽  
Narayani Roka ◽  
Mohan Karki
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Cerebral Metastases ◽  
Hodgkins Lymphoma ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Non Hodgkins Lymphoma ◽  
The Common

The incidence of cerebral metastases has increased over the last few decades mainly due to the successful treatment of extra neural cancers and the prolonged survival of patients. The common causes of metastases are lung, kidney, breast and thyroid cancers. We present an interesting case of cerebral metastases that was managed as cerebral abscess, then as lung metastases before finally arriving to the correct diagnosis of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

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