Aachen — the Second Rome: a City as a Symbol of Power in Poetic Carolingian Texts

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9 (107)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Maya Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
Narrative Poetry ◽  
The Third ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
The City

The paper deals the construction of Aachen as a symbol of the power of Charlemagne (742/4 — 814). It discusses the poetic Carolingian texts, which played an important role in the formation of the medieval ideology of the unity of the City and the power of its creator. It is shown that the most striking example of the statement of such a worldview is the third book (v. 1—536) of the anonymous epic poem (not fully preserved), known in the early Middle Ages under the title “Charlemagne and Pope Leo” (Karolus Magnus et Leo Papa). It is noted that this text, containing a description of the construction of the Second Rome — Aachen, influenced the subsequent Carolingian poetic tradition, serving as a turning point in the development of narrative poetry during the reign of Charlemagne.

Two chants in the Byzantine Rite for Holy Saturday

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Harris
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holy Saturday ◽  
Service Books

Among the ten celebrations of the Mass of St Basil in the Orthodox Church during the year are the conclusions to the three Vesper services immediately before the three major feasts of Christmas, Epiphany and Easter. Two of these Vesper services – those for Christmas Eve and the Eve of Epiphany – are of particular musical interest since they contain psalms with troparia or antiphons, for both of which the entire music can be transcribed from thirteenth-century manuscripts, so that these two services can be celebrated with what are, almost certainly, the oldest known complete examples of Byzantine psalm singing. From a recent paper of mine on these psalms, it can be gathered that they are examples of what is known as ‘responsorial psalmody’, the psalm itself being sung by a soloist, and the attached troparion by a choir of trained singers or psaltae. In both services they occur as punctuations of a series of readings, appearing in each case after the third and the sixth reading. On the Eve of Epiphany we should perhaps expect to find further psalms after the ninth and twelfth readings, since the series extends to thirteen readings in modern service books and to twelve in the early Middle Ages; yet no such psalms appear now or seem ever to have been sung at this point. And similarly, on Holy Saturday, when according to the ancient Jerusalem cursus twelve readings were given, to be extended in Constantinople to fifteen, no equivalents seem to have been performed at any point.

ARCHITECTURE AND CHURCH POWER IN LATE ANTIQUITY: CANOSA AND SAN GIUSTO (APULIA)

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-168
Author(s):  
Giuliano Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

Two Early Christian complexes will be presented here: one urban (San Pietro in Canosa), and one rural (San Giusto in the territory of Lucera). Both cases represent clear evidence of the Christianising policy promoted by the Church in the cities and countryside, especially during the 5th and 6th centuries A.D., which led to a new definition of urban and rural landscapes. The Early Christian complex of San Pietro in Canosa—the most important city in Apulia et Calabria in Late Antiquity—and the Early Christian complex of San Giusto, most likely the seat of a rural diocese, are notable expressions of ecclesiastical power in the city and the countryside during the transitional period between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages.

scholarly journals АЛЬ-ФАРАБИ И МУЗЫКА (AL-FARABI AND MUSIC)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aigul Kosanova
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
City State ◽  
The City

Іn this article, the author examines the scientific heritage of the great thinker and philosopher of the East, Abu Nasir al Farabi. The contribution of the word is analysed. Abu Nasr Muhammad Ibn Tarkhan Ibn Uzlag al-Farabi (870-950) was born in the city of Farab (Otrar) on the territory of the modern South Kazakhstan region. In the early middle ages, Otrar was called Farab. The city of Otrar was the second major cultural, commercial, political and scientific center, the center of the ancient culture of Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The most famous of his scientific works is" treatise on the views of good citizens "("views of good citizens"). "The scientist divides the city leaders into "benevolent and ignorant". At that time, there was a city-state. When will its inhabitants be happy? According to the scientist, this depends on the mayors of the cities. If the mayor is educated, fair, and clean-minded, all citizens will be happy. And if the mayor of the city is ignorant and lies, then the people of the city will be unhappy. Al-Farabi says that in order to achieve true happiness, a person must constantly seek. Human behavior should also be good," Zhakypbek Altayevich says in the documentary "Al - Farabi-philosopher of civilization". In addition, Al-Farabi's work "the great treatise on music" has been translated into many languages of the world.

scholarly journals From the Light and into the Dark: the Transformation to the Early Middle Ages

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arrush Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Rural Life ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
Decentralized Governance ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages

From a historic perspective, the period of Roman rule and the following Middle Ages are polar opposites. For most, the city of Rome and the Western Roman Empire represent a time of advancement for the Mediterranean world while the Middle Ages are viewed as a regression of sorts for Europe. The reasons explaining the underlying cause of this transition from the Western Roman Empire to the Middle Ages are numerous but this paper will specifically focus on the practices started by the Romans themselves and how they contributed to the rise of the Early Middle Ages on the Italian Peninsula. More specifically, economic turmoil and urbanization following the 3rd century crisis in the city of Rome laid the groundwork for social, legislative, and political changes that thread the path to the fundamental characteristics of the Middle Ages. Changing views of the city and the countryside, the construction of latifundia and villas, and the passing of legislation that restricted the rights of laborers, in addition to other transformations in late Rome, all contributed to the decentralized governance, rural life, and serfdom that are characteristic of the Middle Ages. Ultimately, the goal of this paper is to illustrate that despite the major differences that exist between the Roman period and the Middle Ages, the practices of the late Western Roman Empire were often directly carried over into the Middle Ages and, as a result, for one to truly understand the origins of the Middle Ages, it is essential to comprehend the traditions started by the late Romans.

scholarly journals Revival and Reality: The Carolingian Renaissance in Rome and the basilica of S. Prassede

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 163-192
Author(s):  
Caroline Goodson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Urban Church ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Papal Authority ◽  
The City

The monumental architecture of the early middle ages in Rome has long been explained as a revival of ancient architecture, specifically Constantinian basilicas, a theory first advanced by Richard Krautheimer in two seminal articles in 1942. This article seeks to explore other ways in which early medieval buildings were significant, taking as its focus the basilica of S. Prassede, built by Paschal I (817-24). Paschal’s church incorporated a very significant collection of martyrs’ relics, translated from the catacombs outside the city into the urban church. Paschal’s church was a saints’ shrine, a mausoleum for his mother, and a locus of a new kind of papal authority. These aspects of the significance of the building were generated more in function than in form.

Nascent Judaism

2018 ◽  
pp. 341-356
Author(s):  
Jon L. Berquist
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Persian Empire ◽  
The Third ◽  
Israelite Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Pluralistic World

The third and final section of the Hebrew Bible, known as the Writings, is a crucial part of the biblical canon and a key turning point in the history of Israelite religion. The Writings were written and shaped during the time of Persian imperial rule as well as Hellenistic influence, perhaps 450–300 bce. The city of Jerusalem and the province of Yehud existed as a part of the continent-spanning Persian Empire, in which increased scribalism and communications supported the long-term purposes of imperial order, but which also accepted a higher level of pluralism than earlier empires and monarchies. The Writings of this time, expressed in diverse genres and with great variations of affect and theology, formed nascent Judaism in ways that would maximize its relevance to a new imperial, multicultural, and pluralistic world situation as well as enhance the opportunities for Judaism to survive and thrive in future centuries.

The diaconiae of Early Medieval Rome: From “Greek” to “Roman”, from “Private” to “Papal”?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-132
Author(s):  
Philipp Winterhager
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Roman History ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Charitable Foundations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Secular State

Abstract Traditionally, scholarship has seen the history of the diaconiae, charitable foundations in the city of Rome, in line with the alleged general trends in Roman history in the early Middle Ages, i.e. the gradual “Romanization” of formerly “Greek” elements of Byzantine origin, and the “papalization” of secular (state and private) initiatives, both taking place primarily in the mid-8th century. Although the diaconiae had come under papal control as late as the 9th and eventually the 10th centuries, this paper argues that this development took place not as an abandonment of private forms of endowments prominent in Byzantine Rome, but namely through the appropriation of “post-Byzantine” aristocratic endowment practice by the popes around the turn of the 9th century.

Rituali di corte. Il Triclinio dei XIX Letti del Grande Palazzo di Costantinopoli

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-110
Author(s):  
Isabella Baldini
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Great Banquet

Abstract The present contribution aims at reviewing the available data on the Triclinium of the Nineteen couches. It is divided into three parts: the first is intended to overview the information that Byzantine authors have handed down to us about this great banquet hall; the second aims at proposing reconstructive hypotheses about its dimensions and architecture, as well as to investigate the material aspects related to the organisation of the banquet in late antiquity; the third part deals with the ceremonial functions that were performed in it. Contrary to what is usually assumed, the Triclinium was probably not a huge hall with nine apses on each side, but a rectangular hall with a final apse and akkoubita arranged along the perimeter walls. In terms of ritual, the Triclinium must have continued to be in use throughout the early Middle Ages, with a particular revival in the 10th century.

Religion, Empire, and Law among Nations in The City of God

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Keys
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
City Of God ◽  
The Third ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
Francisco De Vitoria ◽  
The City

This chapter analyses the early Salamanca theologian-jurists’ turn to Augustine of Hippo’s analysis of religion, empire, and laws amongst nations in his magnum opus The City of God (De civitate dei). The first section surveys the import of and access to Augustine’s City of God in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. The second section interprets and assesses Augustine’s place in the early Salamanca School, according special attention to the writings of Francisco de Vitoria, Melchior Cano, and Domingo de Soto. The third section continues Soto’s fruitful project of relectio, rereading The City of God afresh with a focus on Augustine’s commentaries on right (ius) and law (lex) among nations under Rome’s imperial sway. The chapter’s conclusion argues that rereading The City of God in this way deepens our awareness of Augustine’s alliance with the Salamanca School, even as it highlights a certain tension between Augustine’s legal thought and Vitoria’s.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document