scholarly journals Optimizing the allocation of technological resources of an air transport system in the presence of a schedule and fuzzy input data

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-170
Author(s):  
V. A. Romanenko

The problem of optimal allocation of technological resources (operators) of a technical or organizational-technical system, designed to serve certain objects (operands) according to a given schedule, is considered. We take into account the necessity of incorporating, together with the main, preparatory and final operations, the possibility to select one or several operators for operand service into the service process, as well as the dependence of the operations duration on the factors characterized by uncertainty. Due to the supposed absence of statistics, expert-assigned indefinite values in the form of triangular fuzzy numbers are used. The optimization problem is formulated as a mathematical programming problem with a fuzzy criterion and clear-cut constraints, consisting in finding such a distribution of a given number of operators to serve each operand from a given set which minimizes the target function that takes into account deviations from the schedule (delay) with the service termination. Typical examples of systems for which the problem is relevant are the production complexes of air transport enterprises operating in conditions of uncertainty when it is necessary to ensure the regularity and safety of air transportation. A model example of solving the problem of allocating mobile refueling facilities at a hub airport, taking into account the peculiarities of its schedule, is presented. It is shown that the capabilities of standard personal computer software are sufficient for the solution.

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus L.E. Kaiser ◽  
John C. Dearden ◽  
Werner Klein ◽  
T. Wayne Schultz

Abstract ECOSAR (1998), a personal computer software program available from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and affiliated vendors, is used to estimate the toxicity of chemicals to aquatic organisms, particularly fish, daphnid and algae species. It relies on approximately 150 equations, each for a chemical class of substances (Clements et al. 1996), which are linear correlations (SARs) of measured toxicity values of class-representative compounds with their octanol/water partition coefficients, with the latter taken from a database or computed by a companion program.


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
Lev S. Mazelis ◽  
◽  
Andrey A. Krasko ◽  
Elena V. Krasova ◽  
◽  
...  

Introduction. The study has been conducted within the framework of the urgent scientific and practical task of accumulation and development of human capital of Russian regions. Under the conditions of risks and limited resources, the regional management faces the task of optimal distribution of financial resources invested in the development of human capital and improvement of the quality of life. The study aims to build and test the dynamic optimization model of financial resources distribution by areas of investment in human capital through the example of the Primorye Territory (Russian Federation). Materials and methods. The multi-period economic and mathematical model describes the influence of the volumes and structure of public and private investments on the regional human capital in the form of recurrent dependencies. The target function of the model is an integrated index of achieving the objectives for the development of human capital in the region. The model is a mathematical programming problem, the optimization variables are the shares of investment resources distributed by investment areas and years. Results. In a practical sense, the proposed model is a management tool for searching the optimal structure of investments in human capital by areas of investment and periods. Based on the annual results of modeling and numerical calculations through the example of the Primorye Territory (Russian Federation), the structure of the investments that allow advancing in the achievement of target values of strategic indicators in the field of human capital development is offered. Conclusion. In the long term, the achievement of target indicators will be facilitated by a more even structure of investments in the following areas: along with education and health care, it is advisable to increase investments in other areas, first of all, in the issues of national importance, national security, public order, and social policy.


Author(s):  
Michael Kramer ◽  
Martin Horauer

Embedded Systems software reliability is increasingly important, therefore methods to harden existing software are needed. In general, hardening software against various failures is a necessity in modern computer systems. A lot of work has been published regarding many possible ways to achieve this non-functional requirement. Relevant topics include, e.g., test procedures, recommended development flows, and hardware measures like watchdog timers. One of these methods seems very promising to be software implemented in modern embedded systems: Control Flow Checking by signatures. Various authors have shown the effectiveness and feasibility of Control Flow Checking (CFC) by signatures for personal computer software. For instance it has been shown for standard computer-systems, that CFC is capable of reducing undetected control flow errors by at least one magnitude. This survey will focus on the applicability of such software hardening methods to embedded systems, while adhering mainly to software based approaches. Published methods will be summarized and compared. Furthermore methods to simplify derived control-flow graphs to essential states will be emphasized. Finally the possibility to apply run-time verification to the Control-flow Checking Software is considered.


1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Grafton ◽  
Anne Permaloff

An impressive number of reasonably priced personal computer software packages of interest to political scientists are now on the market. Owners of computers such as the TRS-80 Model III and the Apple II can purchase software for word processing and statistical analysis which can substantially increase their productivity. Scholars trying to meet publication deadlines need no longer be delayed by harried secretaries trying single-handedly to meet the needs of an entire department. A computer/word processor used by a typist of average ability is nearly the equal of a good professional secretary. And those with even fairly large statistical analysis requirements may no longer be tied to the university's hectic “computer center” where they must wait in line for terminals, try to think amid constant movement and never-ending conversation, or suffer errors produced by noise injected between their terminal and the main frame along telephone lines.This is an analysis of statistical packages sold by four companies for use on a variety of low, moderate, and high priced personal computers. Our focus on these packages reflects our statistical needs for research and teaching. We were looking for programs capable of handling relatively large data bases and with the capacity to perform multiple regression and time series analyses. We needed a program that could be used to analyze data generated from small survey samples. This required both frequency distribution and contingency table development and analysis. Finally, we needed a program or programs in an affordable price range.


2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2067-2085
Author(s):  
Nissim Ben David ◽  
Aviad Tur-Sinai

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extract the optimal time allocation of weekly hours among work, sleep, sports, and internet use for 16 different demographic groups. Design/methodology/approach The agent wishes to minimize the gap between his or her actual and optimal allocation for each activity. His or her actual allocation of time for each activity is affected by his or her allocations for other activities and by exogenous variables. A system of simultaneous equations is constructed, with the four levels of time allocation as the endogenous variables. Using a cross-section database of 928 Israel residents, the authors estimate the system and predict the actual allocation of time. Inserting the forecast equations into the agents’ target function and differentiating by each actual time allocation, the authors extract the optimal time allocation for 16 different demographic groups. Findings The results make it clear that the optimal desired level of sleep hours is highest among married Jews and non-Jews of both genders, whereas the desired level of work hours is highest among female non-Jews whose children have a computer and among married males, Jewish and non-Jewish alike. Female Jews and non-Jews wish to allocate the most hours to internet use, while married males of both nationalities wish to allocate the fewest. The desired level of sports hours is highest among married and non-married Jews. Examining the effect of age on time allocation, the main findings show a very significant cutback in allocation of hours for sleep among agents at age 20.8 and an increase of about 2.5 hours of sleep among agents aged 60.8, both relative to those aged 40.8. Originality/value The original model presented here brings a non-traditional approach to the analysis of time allocation. The authors believe that each agent wishes that he or she could allocate his or her time for personal benefit on the basis of a theoretical apportionment determined on the basis of experience and tendencies. Even though an agent’s actual time allocation may be affected by many factors, he or she still has a sense of disutility when the actual allocation deviates from selected optimum.


1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 895-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel W. Gingery ◽  
Ayla Sen Embil ◽  
J. Daniel Robinson ◽  
James A. Jernigan ◽  
Luz M. Labrada ◽  
...  

The ability of a personal computer software system to predict actual serum phenobarbital concentrations (SPC) in outpatients taking phenobarbital chronically was assessed by comparing actual with predicted SPC for accuracy, bias, and precision. Data for a four-year period were collected on patients at an outpatient clinic's pharmacokinetic consultation service. The study group included 50 adults and children with at least one SPC taken at a known time after dose administration. Input variables were weight, sex, height, age, concomitant drugs and diseases, phenobarbital dosage regimen, and the time and reported value of all SPC. Initially, SIMKIN (SIMulated KINetics) simulated dosing regimens on the basis of literature estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters; SPC were then estimated for these regimens and compared with actual values. One or two additional SPC were added to the input data and analyzed, and the predicted SPC compared with actual values. Although SIMKIN's accuracy and bias as measured by regression analysis and mean prediction error, respectively, were within clinically acceptable limits, the precision was not. However, these results are limited by the population studied. Patient compliance, concomitant Phenytoin therapy, changes in phenobarbital pharmacokinetic parameters with chronic dosing, and disease interactions may significantly affect predictive ability. The clinical effects of these factors need to be evaluated to further improve predictions. Extracto Se evaluó la habilidad de un programa de computadora (SIMKIN = SIMulated KINetics) para predecir la concentration sérica de fenobarbital en pacientes bajo tratamiento crónico con la droga. Se compararon las concentraciones séricas reaies con las calculadas por el programa para determinar la exactitud, predisposición y precisión del mismo. Se recopiló data de pacientes que fueron atendidos en una clínica de consultoría farmacocinética por un período de cuatro años. El grupo de estudio consistió de 50 adultos y niños de los cuales se obtuvo al menos un valor de concentración sérica de fenobarbital a un tiempo dado luego de administrarsele la dosis. Las variables incluidas fueron el peso, sexo, altura, edad, otras drogas y los valores de todas las concentraciones séricas obtenidas. Se estimaron las concentraciones séricas con el programa, y se compararon con los valores reales. Aunque luego del análisis estadistico de la data, la exactitud y predisposición del programa de computadora se encontraron dentro de los límites clínicos aceptables, la precisión no lo fué. El cumplimiento con la terapia de parte del paciente, cambios en los parámetros farmacocinéticos de fenobarbital, y la presencia de otras enfermedades entre otros factores pueden haber afectado significativamente la habilidad predictiva del programa. Resume SIMKIN (SIMulated KINetics) est un programme informatisé utilisé pour simuler la pharmacocinétique de plusieurs médicaments. Dans cette étude, on a voulu évaluer la capacité de SIMKIN à prédire les concentrations sériques de phénobarbital (CSP) chez des patients externes prenant cette médication de façon chronique; on a donc comparé les valeurs réelles des CSP avec celles prédites, du point de vue exactitude, déviation et précision. Les données ont été recueillies dans les dossiers de 50 adultes ou enfants fréquentant un service externe de consultation pharmacocinétique depuis quatre ans. Au moins une CSP déterminée à un moment connu après l'administration du phénobarbital (P) était disponible pour chaque patient. Les variables considérées étaient le poids, le sexe, la grandeur, l'âge, les médicaments et pathologies concomitantes, la posologie du P, les CSP et les heures de prélèvements. Initialement, SIMKIN utilisait des paramètres pharmacocinétiques estimés à partir de la littérature pour prédire les CSP; il comparait ainsi les valeurs prédites avec les valeurs réelles. Par la suite, une ou deux valeurs de CSP réelles étaient entrées dans le programme; SIMKIN analysait ces CSP, réaljustait les paramètres pharmacocinétiques en fonction de celles-ci puis comparait les valeurs prédites avec celles obtenues. Bien que l'exactitude et la déviation de SIMKIN, tel que mesurés respectivement par une analyse de régression et l'erreur moyen de prédiction, étaient acceptables cliniquement, la précision ne l'était pas. Cependant, ces résultats sont limités par la population étudiée. Les prédictions peuvent être influencées de façon significative par la compliance des patients, l'utilisation concomitante de phénytoïne, des changements dans les paramètres pharmacocinétiques du phénobarbital lors d'une utilisation chronique et les interactions médicamenteuses. Les effets cliniques de ces facteurs devront être évalués pour améliorer les prédictions.


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