scholarly journals Wage Flexibility in Russia: Empirical Evidence from Microdata Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-119 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Wage ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
Wage Dynamics ◽  
Wage Elasticity ◽  
The Real ◽  
Wage Flexibility ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The City

The paper discusses the real wage elasticity to unemployment and GDP in Russia. An approach based on panel microdata about earnings of individuals has been applied. This methodology helps to avoid a number of difficulties that are created when aggregated analytical data on the average wage dynamics are used. The study has indicated some conclusions. Firstly, a review of estimations from other countries based on the same methodology is provided. The results confirm the conclusion about higher wage elasticity to unemployment in Russia than in many developed countries. However, the real wage elasticity to GDP in Russia is comparable with the same elasticity in other countries. Secondly, the use of microdata facilitates the evaluation of real wage flexibility for particular groups of workers and for different types of jobs: in other words, the heterogeneity of wage flexibility. As shown by calculations, wage flexibility is higher for young men living in the city and working in the private or informal sector of the economy. Moreover, it was found that wage flexibility of workers who have changed jobs during the year is higher than that of those who have remained with the same employer. Thus, interfirm mobility contributes to high wage flexibility in Russia: during economic growth employees, on average, newly start better paid jobs, whereas during crises they switch to low-paid jobs.

scholarly journals El empobrecimiento de los trabajadores como fuente de excedente en economías con débil dinámica productiva: Argentina desde mediados del siglo XX

2010 ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damián Kennedy ◽  
Juan M. Graña
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Real Wage ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Real ◽  
Economic Process ◽  
Functional Distribution ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Este trabajo se propone analizar el desempeño de la economía argentina desde mediados del siglo XX, recurriendo al análisis de la distribución funcional del ingreso y sus componentes –salario real y la productividad–, tanto para la economía agregada como para el sector industrial.<br />A partir de la comparación con un conjunto de países desarrollados (Estados Unidos, Francia, Italia, Japón y España), encontramos que dichas variables presentan desde mediados de la década del setenta una evolución particularmente llamativa: la productividad crece a un ritmo inferior –incluso con momentos de caída o estancamiento– y el salario real retrocede marcadamente.<br />En este marco, discutimos la explicación según la cual el empobrecimiento de los trabajadores argentinos es el resultado del proceso de desindustrialización sufrido –aunque sus indicadores se verifican con similar intensidad en aquellos países–, cambiando el eje hacia el débil desempeño de la productividad -y la consecuente ampliación de su brecha relativa–, que implica mayores costos para las empresas, que deben ser compensados con fuentes extraordinarias de ganancia. Una de ellas es, claro está, el salario real, de modo que el empobrecimiento de los trabajadores en Argentina resulta una pieza necesaria en el marco de la forma que adopta el proceso económico.<br /><br />This paper analyses the performance of the Argentine economy since the 1950s, through the analysis of the functional distribution of income and its components –real wage and productivity– for the economy and especially the manufacturing sector.<br />Through comparisons with a group of developed countries (France, Italy, Japan and Spain, USA), we find that those variables have a striking evolution: the productivity grows at an inferior rate –including periods of stagnation– and the real wage falls dramatically.<br />We then challenge the existing explanation of the impoverishment of the Argentine working class: the decline of our manufacturing sector. Since Argentinean indicators are no different than those of other countries, we emphasize the weak performance of the productivity –and the growth of the relative gap- that means higher costs for the firms, that must be compensated with extraordinary sources of profit. One of them is the real wage, and therefore the impoverishment of Argentine workers is a necessary piece of the economic process.<br />

Global Financial Crisis and Its Impact on Russia

2009 ◽  
pp. 9-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kudrin
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The Real

The article examines the causes of origin and manifestation of the current global financial crisis and the policies adopted in developed countries in 2007—2008 to deal with it. It considers the effects of the financial crisis on Russia’s economy and monetary policy of the Central Bank in the current conditions as well as the main guidelines for the fiscal policy under different energy prices. The measures for fighting the crisis that the Russian government and the Central Bank use to support the real economy are described.

Isolation and Diagnosis of Fungi from Samples of Spices in the City of Nasiriya

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-9
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The City ◽  
Isolated Species

Examination of (35) samples of spices obtained from local markets for the purposes of isolating and diagnosing fungi growing on them. Anine isolates belonging to 13 different types of fungi were diagnosed by the standard dilution method with three replications, and it has been observed that the most samples from which the fungi were isolated is ginger. It was found that the most isolated species of fungi are Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Rizupes spp. A rare colony of fungi was observed, which indicates contamination of the spices under study with the fungus. The present study aims to identify the potential risks of the presence of fungi in spices and what may result from mycotoxins that may be the cause of many chronic diseases as a result of using these spices in large quantities. The study recommends limiting the use of contaminated spices, especially ginger, in preparing food and its uses, in addition to other types such as cloves, black and white pepper, and other types of spices found in the local markets, especially the expired ones.

Reducing the Risks of the Financial Sector to Ensure Sustainable Growth of the Russian Еconomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
T. I. Minina ◽  
V. V. Skalkin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Impact

Russia’s entry into the top five economies of the world depends, among other things, on the development of the financial sector, being a necessary condition for the economic growth of a developed macroeconomic and macro-financial system. The financial sector represents a system of relationships for the effective collection and distribution of economic resources, their deployment according to public demand, reducing the risk of overproduction and overheating of the economy.Therefore, the subject of the research is the financial sector of the Russian economy.The purpose of the research was to formulate an approach to alleviating the risks of increasing financial costs in the real sector of the economy by reducing the impact of endogenous risks expressed as financial asset “bubbles” using the experience of developed countries in the monetary policy.The paper analyzes a macroeconomic model applied to the financial sector. It is established that the economic growth is determined by the growth and, more important, the qualitative development of the financial sector, which leads to two phenomena: overproduction in the real sector and an increase in asset prices in the financial sector, with a debt load in both the real and financial sectors. This results in decreasing the interest rate of the mega-regulator to near-zero values. In this case, since the mechanisms of the conventional monetary policy do not work, the unconventional monetary policy is used when the mega-regulator buys out derivative financial instruments from systemically important institutions. As a conclusion, given deflationally low rates, it is proposed that the megaregulator should issue its own derivative financial instruments and place them in the financial market.

Levels of Radon in Different Types of Juices Are Different In Origin Consumed and Effective on Human Health in the City of Hilla-Babel-Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
LAKEN H.A. ◽  
AHMED. Y. ALI ◽  
INAAM H. KADHIM ◽  
MOHAMMED R. KAHLIL ◽  
NASIR HUSSAIN
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The City

Empresas familiares en zonas marginales. Estrategias de subsistencia y financiación pública en la localidad de ciudad bolívar de Bogotá

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Jenny Paola Cervera Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Family Business ◽  
City Government ◽  
The Real ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Institutional Action ◽  
The City

Esta investigación muestra las características y estrategias socioeconómicas identificadas en un grupo de famiempresas de confección en Ciudad Bolívar, localidad de Bogotá, con las cuales logran la permanencia de sus negocios y así la reproducción de la vida y la subsistencia de sus familias. Este primer elemento se contrasta con las políticas de consecución de ingresos desarrolladas por los gobiernos distritales en el período 2000-2013, con el fin de encontrar los elementos comunes y el real aporte con el que las políticas sociales y económicas del Distrito benefician la economía popular de la ciudad, teniendo como referencia el grupo de famiempresas con el que se trabajó. Después de obtener un paralelo entre las políticas socioeconómicas del Distrito y las necesidades reales de las famiempresas, se desarrolla un ejercicio práctico aplicando la metodología de Vester como base para la formulación de recomendaciones dirigidas hacia los gobiernos distritales, en las que se manifiestan las prioridades que esta población objetivo espera de la acción institucional para mejorar el desempeño de sus famiempresas y, por ende, el de su consecución de ingresos para mejor su calidad de vida y la de sus familias.ABSTRACTThis research examines the socio-economic characteristics and strategies pertaining to a group of family business in the apparel sector in Ciudad Bolivar (Bogota), which ensures some stability in the business itself and in their families´ livelihood. This first element is contrasted with the policies of resource allocation pursued by Bogota local administrations in the period 2000-2013, in order to identify the real governmental contributions to thelocal economy. Next, a practical exercise is conducted by applying the methodology of Vester as a basis for the formulation of recommendations addressed to the city government; those recommendations depict the priorities that the targeted population expects from the institutional action to improve the performance of their business and to enhance their income to better their quality of life and that of their families. Fecha de recepción: 23 agosto 2016Fecha de aprobación: 15 noviembre de 2016Fecha de publicación: 6 de enero de 2017

Narratives of Queer Migration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gray ◽  
Mike Baynham
Keyword(s):  
The European Union ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Class Politics ◽  
Depth Migration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Global North ◽  
Economic Necessity ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

This chapter considers the phenomenon of queer migration from a linguistic perspective, paying particular attention to the constitutive role of spatial mobility in narrative and its role in the construction of queer migrant identities. The chapter begins by looking at the way in which queer migration has been discussed in the literature and then moves on to address three different types of queer migration in greater depth: migration within national borders from the village/countryside to the city; migration between cities in member states within the context of the European Union; and finally, asylum-seeking within the context of migration from the Global South to the Global North. The chapter concludes by suggesting that queer migration is a complex phenomenon in which the intersection of sexuality, gender identity, desire, affect, abjection, economic necessity, class, politics, and fear for one’s life combine in ways that are unique in the lives of individual migrants.

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