scholarly journals Emotional reactions to dynamic morphed facial expressions: A new method to induce emotional contagion

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Wróbel ◽  
Michał Olszanowski
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
New Method ◽  
Emotional States

In the current study, we tested the utility of a new method developed to study emotional contagion (i.e., the transfer of emotional states between people). Inspired by studies on emotional mimicry – a process that has been postulated as one of the main mechanisms leading to emotional contagion, we created a set of videos showing morphed facial expressions of happiness, sadness, and anger. Following exposure to each video, participants rated their emotions. Our findings demonstrated that the videos evoked congruent emotions in viewers, thereby supporting the notion that dynamic morphed facial expressions may be effective “emotionally contagious” stimuli. Additionally, in line with the previous studies and classic theories of emotional contagion, the displays of anger evoked a complementary reaction of fear.

scholarly journals Facial Behaviors and Emotional Reactions in Consumer Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Matsumoto ◽  
Hyi Sung Hwang ◽  
Nick Harrington ◽  
Robb Olsen ◽  
Missy King
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Consumer Research ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion ◽  
Typical Consumer

Gauging emotional reactions is a cornerstone of consumer research. The most common way emotions are assessed is self-report. But self-report is notoriously unreliable, and affected by many factors that confound their interpretation. Facial expressions are objective markers of emotional states, and are well grounded in decades of research. Yet, the research documenting the potential utility of facial expressions of emotion as a biometric marker in consumer research is limited. This study addresses this gap, presenting descriptive analyses of the facial expressions of emotion produced in typical consumer research. Surprisingly, the most prevalent expressions produced were disgust and social smiles; smile of true enjoyment were relatively rare. Additionally, expressions were generally of low intensity and very short durations. These findings demonstrate the potential utility for using facial expressions of emotion as markers in consumer research, and suggest that the emotional landscapes of consumers may be different than what is commonly thought

scholarly journals Perceiving Positive Facial Expression Can Relieve Depressive Moods: The Effect of Emotional Contagion on Mood in People With Subthreshold Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Yamashita ◽  
Tetsuya Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Subthreshold Depression ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mood Score ◽  
Happy Mood ◽  
Sad Mood

Emotional contagion is a phenomenon by which an individual’s emotions directly trigger similar emotions in others. We explored the possibility that perceiving others’ emotional facial expressions affect mood in people with subthreshold depression (sD). Around 49 participants were divided into the following four groups: participants with no depression (ND) presented with happy faces; ND participants presented with sad faces; sD participants presented with happy faces; and sD participants presented with sad faces. Participants were asked to answer an inventory about their emotional states before and after viewing the emotional faces to investigate the influence of emotional contagion on their mood. Regardless of depressive tendency, the groups presented with happy faces exhibited a slight increase in the happy mood score and a decrease in the sad mood score. The groups presented with sad faces exhibited an increased sad mood score and a decreased happy mood score. These results demonstrate that emotional contagion affects the mood in people with sD, as well as in individuals with ND. These results indicate that emotional contagion could relieve depressive moods in people with sD. It demonstrates the importance of the emotional facial expressions of those around people with sD such as family and friends from the viewpoint of emotional contagion.

scholarly journals Watching others in a positive state does not induce optimism bias in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), but leads to behaviour indicative of competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. C. Adriaense ◽  
V. Šlipogor ◽  
S. Hintze ◽  
L. Marshall ◽  
C. Lamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Optimism Bias ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Group Life ◽  
Judgement Bias ◽  
Negative Condition ◽  
Positive State

AbstractEmotional contagion is suggested to facilitate group life by enhancing synchronized responses to the environment. Cooperative breeders are an example of a social system that requires such intricate coordination between individuals. Therefore, we studied emotional contagion in common marmosets by means of a judgement bias test. Demonstrators were exposed to an emotion manipulation (i.e., positive, negative, control), and observers perceived only the demonstrator’s behaviour. We predicted that the positive or negative states of the demonstrator would induce matching states in the observer, indicating emotional contagion. All subjects’ emotional states were assessed through behaviour and cognition, the latter by means of a judgement bias test. Behavioural results showed a successful emotion manipulation of demonstrators, with manipulation-congruent expressions (i.e., positive calls in the positive condition, and negative calls and pilo-erect tail in the negative condition). Observers showed no manipulation-congruent expressions, but showed more scratching and arousal after the positive manipulation. Concerning the judgement bias test, we predicted that subjects in a positive state should increase their response to ambiguous cues (i.e., optimism bias), and subjects in a negative state should decrease their response (i.e., pessimism bias). This prediction was not supported as neither demonstrators nor observers showed such bias in either manipulation. Yet, demonstrators showed an increased response to the near-positive cue, and additional analyses showed unexpected responses to the reference cues, as well as a researcher identity effect. We discuss all results combined, including recently raised validation concerns of the judgement bias test, and inherent challenges to empirically studying emotional contagion.

Same music, different emotions: assessing emotions and EEG correlates of music perception in children with ASD and typically developing peers

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Portnova ◽  
Alexandra Maslennikova ◽  
Anton Varlamov
Keyword(s):  
Music Perception ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Self Reports

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess emotional response to music and its EEG correlates in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Design/methodology/approach Six musical fragments eliciting emotional states of calmness/serenity, sadness and anxiety/fear were presented to children with ASD (n=21, aged 5–9) and typically developing (TD) peers (n=21), while 19-channel EEG was recorded. Emotion self-reports were assessed using visual analogous scales. Findings Children with ASD assessed most music fragments similarly to their TD peers, with likelihood of EEG oscillatory patterns closely corresponding to emotion self-reports. Somewhat contrary to the expectations, a major difference was observed for one fragment only, which was identified as sad by TD children and adult neurotypical raters, but found “angry and frightening” by children with ASD, with EEG oscillatory response confirming greater cortical activation, particularly for the right hemisphere. Research limitations/implications The data suggest that children with ASD may have emotional reactions to music either similar or highly aberrant compared to TD peers, rather than having general difficulties in assessing emotions. The data should be confirmed by further studies, ideally involving high functioning adult autists. Practical implications The findings may increase the understanding of autists’ difficulties in perceiving prosodic nuances and reading emotional cues. The results can be taken into consideration when developing music-based interventions. Originality/value The findings show that music may be perceived by children with ASD in a unique way, which may be difficult to predict by neurotypical raters.

Automatic Facial Expression Recognition by Facial Parts Location with Boosted-LBP

2013 ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Yi Ji ◽  
Khalid Idrissi
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Polynomial Kernel ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Small Set

This paper proposes an automatic facial expression recognition system, which uses new methods in both face detection and feature extraction. In this system, considering that facial expressions are related to a small set of muscles and limited ranges of motions, the facial expressions are recognized by these changes in video sequences. First, the differences between neutral and emotional states are detected. Faces can be automatically located from changing facial organs. Then, LBP features are applied and AdaBoost is used to find the most important features for each expression on essential facial parts. At last, SVM with polynomial kernel is used to classify expressions. The method is evaluated on JAFFE and MMI databases. The performances are better than other automatic or manual annotated systems.

scholarly journals Distance to the Neutral Face Predicts Arousal Ratings of Dynamic Facial Expressions in Individuals With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan N. Schneider ◽  
Timothy R. Brick ◽  
Isabel Dziobek
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Static Information ◽  
Neutral Face

Arousal is one of the dimensions of core affect and frequently used to describe experienced or observed emotional states. While arousal ratings of facial expressions are collected in many studies it is not well understood how arousal is displayed in or interpreted from facial expressions. In the context of socioemotional disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, this poses the question of a differential use of facial information for arousal perception. In this study, we demonstrate how automated face-tracking tools can be used to extract predictors of arousal judgments. We find moderate to strong correlations among all measures of static information on one hand and all measures of dynamic information on the other. Based on these results, we tested two measures, average distance to the neutral face and average facial movement speed, within and between neurotypical individuals (N = 401) and individuals with autism (N = 19). Distance to the neutral face was predictive of arousal in both groups. Lower mean arousal ratings were found for the autistic group, but no difference in correlation of the measures and arousal ratings could be found between groups. Results were replicated in an high autistic traits group. The findings suggest a qualitatively similar perception of arousal for individuals with and without autism. No correlations between valence ratings and any of the measures could be found, emphasizing the specificity of our tested measures. Distance and speed predictors share variability and thus speed should not be discarded as a predictor of arousal ratings.

Face-Processing Impairments and the Capgras Delusion

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Young ◽  
Ian Reid ◽  
Simon Wright ◽  
Deborah J. Hellawell
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Capgras Delusion ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

Investigations of two cases of the Capgras delusion found that both patients showed face-processing impairments encompassing identification of familiar faces, recognition of emotional facial expressions, and matching of unfamiliar faces. In neither case was there any impairment of recognition memory for words. These findings are consistent with the idea that the basis of the Capgras delusion lies in damage to neuro-anatomical pathways responsible for appropriate emotional reactions to familiar visual stimuli. The delusion would then represent the patient's attempt to make sense of the fact that these visual stimuli no longer have appropriate affective significance.

The Study of Discrete Emotions in Politics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cigdem V. Sirin ◽  
José D. Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Discrete Emotions ◽  
Intergroup Emotions ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Intelligence Theory ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Numerous empirical works document that discrete emotions have substantive and differential effects on politically motivated processes and outcomes. Scholars have increasingly adopted a discrete-emotions approach across various political contexts. There are different theoretical paths for studying discrete emotions. Appraisal theories contend that cognition precedes emotion, where distinct cognitive appraisal tendencies elicit discrete emotional reactions associated with specific coping mechanisms. Affective Intelligence Theory, another dominant paradigm in the study of discrete emotions in politics, argues for affective primacy. Others are more concerned with the level of analysis issue than the emotion-cognition sequence. For instance, Intergroup Emotions Theory calls for differentiating between individual-level and group-based discrete emotions, asserting that the latter form is a stronger predictor of collective political actions. Scholars also need to consider which methodological strategies they should employ to deal with a range of issues that the study of discrete emotions brings about. For instance, one issue is how to effectively induce a specific emotional state such as hope without also triggering other related yet discrete emotions such as enthusiasm in an experimental setting. Beyond these theoretical and methodological choices, there are various opportunities to diversify the field of study. Above all, the field needs more cross-national replications and extensions of U.S.-based findings to help resolve the debate over the universality versus contextuality of discrete emotions. The field would also benefit from the study of a wider array of emotional states by expanding beyond its main focus on negative discrete emotions. Contemporary developments—such as the increasing use of social media by the public and political actors—further offer novel platforms for investigating the role of discrete emotions.

scholarly journals Effects of Differential Strategies of Emotion Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Boehme ◽  
Stefanie C. Biehl ◽  
Andreas Mühlberger
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
And Training

Patients suffering from mental disorders, especially anxiety disorders, are often impaired by inadequate emotional reactions. Specific aspects are the insufficient perception of their own emotional states and the use of dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies. Both aspects are interdependent. Thus, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) comprises the development and training of adequate emotion regulation strategies. Traditionally, reappraisal is the most common strategy, but strategies of acceptance are becoming more important in the course of advancing CBT. Indeed, there is evidence that emotion regulation strategies differ in self-reported effectiveness, psychophysiological reactions, and underlying neural correlates. However, comprehensive comparisons of different emotion regulation strategies are sparse. The present study, therefore, compared the effect of three common emotion regulation strategies (reappraisal, acceptance, and suppression) on self-reported effectiveness, recollection, and psychophysiological as well as electroencephalographic dimensions. Twenty-nine healthy participants were instructed to either reappraise, accept, suppress, or passively observe their upcoming emotional reactions while anxiety- and sadness-inducing pictures were presented. Results showed a compelling effect of reappraisal on emotional experience, skin conductance response, and P300 amplitude. Acceptance was almost as effective as reappraisal, but led to increased emotional experience. Combining all results, suppression was shown to be the least effective but significantly decreased emotional experience when thoughts and feelings had to be suppressed. Moreover, results show that greater propensity for rumination differentially impairs strategies of emotion regulation.

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