Probable Mode of Action of Sita kasmaryadi Herbal Decoction in Placental Compliance – A Review

The occurrence of IUGR (Intra uterine growth retardation) is estimated to be approximately 5% in the population and it is considered as the third leading cause for perinatal mortality in India. Despite plentiful management options, none is effectively proved in improving placental circulation and foetal weight gain. Indian medicine practices a herbal decoction with Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn., Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex. Smith and sugar. The pharmacological potentials of this decoction was attempted to explore here in this review based on available researches. Thorough internet search was performed to derive the data. Recent researches on detailed chemical composition and its possible pharmacological action also had been detailed. It is an effective formulation in improving placental and umbilical cord circulation, aids in improving foetoplacental circulation to a greater extent with negligible side effects.

Download Full-text

Intra-Uterine Growth Retardation in the Pig. I. Organ Size and Cellular Development at Birth and after Growth to Maturity

Neonatology ◽

10.1159/000240427 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 19 (4-6) ◽

pp. 329-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

E.M. Widdowson

Keyword(s):

Growth Retardation ◽

Organ Size ◽

Uterine Growth ◽

Cellular Development ◽

Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

Download Full-text

Effects of prenatal glucocorticoid exposure on cardiac calreticulin and calsequestrin protein expression during early development and in adulthood

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj20021771 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 371 (1) ◽

pp. 61-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Maria L. LANGDOWN ◽

Mark J. HOLNESS ◽

Mary C. SUGDEN

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Function ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Premature Death ◽

Fetal Life ◽

Dexamethasone Treatment ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Uterine Growth ◽

Intra Uterine Growth Retardation ◽

Glucocorticoid Action

Overexpression of the conserved Ca2+-binding proteins calreticulin and calsequestrin impairs cardiac function, leading to premature death. Calreticulin is vital for embryonic development, but also impairs glucocorticoid action. Glucocorticoid overexposure during late fetal life causes intra-uterine growth retardation and programmed hypertension in adulthood. To determine whether intra-uterine growth retardation or programmed hypertension was associated with altered calreticulin or calsequestrin expression, effects of prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure (maternal dexamethasone treatment on days 15—21 of pregnancy) were examined during fetal life and postnatal development until adulthood (24 weeks). Dexamethasone (100 or 200μg/kg of maternal body weight) was administered via osmotic pump. Calreticulin was detected as a 55kDa band and calsequestrin as 55 and 63kDa bands in 21 day fetal hearts. Only the 55kDa calsequestrin band was detected postnatally. Prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure at the higher dose decreased calreticulin protein expression (26%; P<0.05) but increased calsequestrin protein expression, both 55 and 63kDa bands, by 87% (P<0.01) and 78% (P<0.01); only the 55kDa calsequestrin band was increased at the lower dose (66%; P<0.05). Offspring of dams treated at the lower dexamethasone dose were studied further. In control offspring, cardiac calreticulin protein expression declined between 2 and 3 weeks of age, and remained suppressed until adulthood. Cardiac calsequestrin protein expression increased 2-fold between fetal day 21 and postnatal day 1 and continued to increase until adulthood, at which time it was 3.4-fold higher (P<0.001). Prenatal dexamethasone exposure minimally affected postnatal calsequestrin protein expression, but the postnatal decline in calreticulin protein expression was abrogated and calreticulin protein expression in adulthood was 2.2-fold increased (P<0.001) compared with adult controls. In view of the known associations between cardiac calreticulin overexpression and impaired cardiac function, targeted up-regulation of calreticulin may contribute to the increased risk of adult heart disease introduced as a result of prenatal overexposure to glucocorticoids.

Download Full-text

Association of increased maternal ferritin levels with gestational diabetes and intra-uterine growth retardation

Diabetes & Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.diabet.2009.06.010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 58-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

V. Soubasi ◽

S. Petridou ◽

K. Sarafidis ◽

Ch. Tsantali ◽

E. Diamanti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Uterine Growth ◽

Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

Download Full-text

Tyrosine α ketoglutarate transaminase in the liver of rats with intra-uterine growth retardation

Life Sciences ◽

10.1016/0024-3205(71)90263-3 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 1115-1123

Author(s):

C. Degremont ◽

J.M. Roux ◽

E. Swierczewski ◽

C. Tordet-Caridroit

Keyword(s):

Growth Retardation ◽

Uterine Growth ◽

Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

Download Full-text

Physiological and pathological regulation of feto/placento/maternal leptin expression

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0290086 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 86-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

K. Linnemann ◽

A. Malek ◽

H. Schneider ◽

C. Fusch

Keyword(s):

Maternal Plasma ◽

Fetal Plasma ◽

Energy Stores ◽

Uterine Growth ◽

Alternative Function ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Physiological Impact ◽

Intra Uterine Growth Retardation ◽

Plasma Leptin

There is clear evidence of placental leptin production, as shown recently in trophoblast cultures and by dual in vitro placenta perfusion (median production of 225 pg/min per g of tissue; 98.4% released into the maternal and 1.6% into the fetal circulation). However, the physiological impact for the mother and the fetus is unclear. The classical role of leptin is to provide information about energy stores to the central nervous system, and to reduce appetite if the energy stores are full. In pregnancy, maternal plasma leptin concentrations are elevated, and lack the well established correlation with body fat energy stores that is observed in non-pregnant women, indicating an alternative function for leptin during pregnancy and fetal development. Maternal and fetal plasma leptin levels are dysregulated in pathological conditions such as gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine growth retardation, representing an effect or a cause of disturbances in the feto/placento/maternal unit.

Download Full-text

"Small for Dates" Infants have Lower Average Serum Bilirubin Concentrations than Normal Low Birth Weight Infants of Similar Weight

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.40.6.1062 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 1062-1062

Author(s):

JEROLD F. LUCEY ◽

JEAN HEWITT ◽

MARIO FERREIRO

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Serum Bilirubin ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Uterine Growth ◽

Similar Weight ◽

Intra Uterine Growth Retardation ◽

Average Serum ◽

The University ◽

University Of Vermont

Many factors are known to influence physiologic jaundice in premature infants. However no studies have been reported of the effect intra-uterine growth retardation or malnutrition has upon the average serum bilirubin concentrations in "small for dates" infants. It has been a policy in the nurseries of the University of Vermont Hospitals to do serum bilirubins on all low birth weight infants (2,500 gm or less) on the fourth to sixth day of life. Any infant with a positive Coomb's test or clinical evidence of A.B.O. incompatibility was excluded from this review.

Download Full-text

Glucagon-like peptid-1 in obese and diabetic patients after bariatric interventions

Vestnik of Russian military medical Academy ◽

10.17816/brmma57488 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 89-94

Author(s):

Anna R. Volkova ◽

Galina V. Semikova ◽

Valentina S. Mozgunova ◽

Margarita N. Maltseva ◽

Vladimir L. Bondarenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Weight Retention ◽

Plateau Phase ◽

The Third ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1

The relationship between the level of glucagon-like peptide-1 and repeated weight gain was evaluated in 31 patients suffering from grade IIIII obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus after bariatric interventions for 3 years. It was found that the level of stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 significantly increased by the third day after sleeve gastroplasty and gastroschunt compared to the initial parameters (p = 0.001 for obese patients; p = 0.000 for obese patients and diabetes mellitus). In the plateau phase (body weight retention) after bariatric intervention, the level of stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 in obese patients and patients suffering from obesity in combination with diabetes mellitus did not significantly differ from the indicators of healthy individuals. There was no association between the level of glucagon-like peptide-1 and repeated weight gain. This may be due to the limited contribution of glucagon-like peptide-1 to body weight dynamics after bariatric interventions and the predominance of patient compliance. Thus, the level of stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 at baseline, on the third day and in the plateau phase after bariatric intervention was not associated with the value of repeated weight gain.

Download Full-text

EFFECTS OF MATERNAL NUTRITION ON THE HUMAN FETUS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.52.4.494 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 494-503

Author(s):

Richard L. Naeye ◽

William Blanc ◽

Cheryl Paul

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Maternal Nutrition ◽

Cellular Growth ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Organ Growth ◽

Maternal Undernutrition ◽

The Third ◽

Body Organ

In a study of 467 gestations maternal stature had little correlation with fetal growth but mother's pregravid body weight as well as weight gain and low-calorie diets during pregnancy did have such a correlation. Maternal undernutrition before the third trimester had little or no influence on fetal body, organ, and cellular growth while such effects were pronounced in late gestation. Fetal body and organ growth improved with successive pregnancies except in the most poorly nourished mothers, whose successive neonates became more growth retarded.

Download Full-text