Identifying barriers to accessing family planning contraceptives among women aged 15-49 years in Maprik District, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, 2014.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Flint ◽  
Margaret Morisause
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence

<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p><p>Family Planning is central to the empowerment of women and a key factor reducing poverty. However, millions of women around the world are not accessing safe and effective family planning methods. This study determined contraceptive prevalence and identified barriers to using modern contraception in the Maprik district of East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Methods</strong></p><p>Data from the National Health Information System (NHIS) and a survey of women presenting to outpatient clinics was used to estimate contraceptive prevalence. The in-person interviews, which also sought to understand barriers to using modern contraceptives, included women aged 15-49 years from three different health facility catchments. A population based awareness campaign promoting family planning was undertaken through mass media (local radio) and targeted information sessions.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Findings</strong></p><p>The retrospective review of NHIS data indicated a contraceptive prevalence of 38% while the survey indicated a prevalence of 30%. Of the women interviewed, 46% indicated having an unintended pregnancy and 16% had sought to end a pregnancy. Of those women who were not using modern contraceptives, 19% lacked knowledge on methods to avoid pregnancy and 13% were concerned about side effects from using modern contraceptives. A family planning awareness program resulted in a notable increase in the number of men having a vasectomy.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p>This study confirmed low contraceptive prevalence estimates in Maprik District and identified the key barriers to contraceptive use that can be effectively addressed. Continued awareness campaigns are necessary to address key knowledge gaps and alleviate fears about the side effects of contraceptive use.   </p>

scholarly journals A qualitative exploration of contraceptive use and discontinuation among women with an unmet need for modern contraception in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ontiri ◽  
Lilian Mutea ◽  
Violet Naanyu ◽  
Mark Kabue ◽  
Regien Biesma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Modern Contraception ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Family Planning Programs ◽  
Contraceptive Discontinuation

Abstract Background Addressing the unmet need for modern contraception underpins the goal of all family planning and contraception programs. Contraceptive discontinuation among those in need of a method hinders the attainment of the fertility desires of women, which may result in unintended pregnancies. This paper presents experiences of contraceptive use, reasons for discontinuation, and future intentions to use modern contraceptives. Methods Qualitative data were collected in two rural counties in Kenya in 2019 from women with unmet need for contraception who were former modern contraceptive users. Additional data was collected from male partners of some of the women interviewed. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions explored previous experience with contraceptive use, reasons for discontinuation, and future intentionality to use. Following data collection, digitally recorded data were transcribed verbatim, translated, and coded using thematic analysis through an inductive approach. Results Use of modern contraception to prevent pregnancy and plan for family size was a strong motivator for uptake of contraceptives. The contraceptive methods used were mainly sourced from public health facilities though adolescents got them from the private sector. Reasons for discontinued use included side effects, method failure, peer influence, gender-based violence due to covert use of contraceptives, and failure within the health system. Five reasons were provided for those not willing to use in the future: fear of side effects, cost of contraceptive services, family conflicts over the use of modern contraceptives, reduced need, and a shift to traditional methods. Conclusion This study expands the literature by examining reasons for contraceptive discontinuation and future intentionality to use among women in need of contraception. The results underscore the need for family planning interventions that incorporate quality of care in service provision to address contraceptive discontinuation. Engaging men and other social influencers in family planning programs and services will help garner support for contraception, rather than focusing exclusively on women. The results of this study can inform implementation of family planning programs in Kenya and beyond to ensure they address the concerns of former modern contraception users.

Family planning in Lae urban area of Papua New Guinea 1981

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
William K. A. Agyei
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Ideal Family Size ◽  
Ideal Family ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Ideal

SummaryA summary of 298 male and 358 female respondents in the Lae urban area of Papua New Guinea in 1981 revealed a relatively high level of contraceptive awareness, but the level of contraceptive use is low. However, the overall current usages of non-traditional methods for the wives of the male and for the female respondents are 34–2% and 37% respectively. The male and the female respondents have the same views on the ideal family size—approximately three children.

Assessing (in) equalities in contraceptives use and family planning demand satisfied with modern contraceptives in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gichangi ◽  
Alfred Agwanda ◽  
Mary Thiongo ◽  
Michael Waithaka ◽  
Amy Tsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Background: Family planning plays an important role in reducing high-risk and unwanted pregnancies and associated complications. Kenya has made progress increasing the use of modern contraceptives. We assessed inequalities in contraceptive use and family planning demand satisfied.Methods: We used data from seven rounds of Performance, Monitoring and Accountability 2020 cross-sectional surveys, 2014-2018. Women aged 15-49 years were interviewed after informed consent was obtained. Contraceptive prevalence and demand for family planning satisfied standard definitions were used. Data were stratified by type of contraception (long-acting/permanent, short-acting, or traditional); wealth, residence, education, age, and wealth. Data were analysed using Stata v14.Results: Modern contraceptive prevalence has increased from 58.7% in 2014 to 64.2% in 2018 among sexually active married women. Total demand for family planning satisfied (DFPS) has increased from 70.5% in 2014 to 79.0% in 2018. There was a significant increase in long acting/permanent methods from 27.1% in 2014 to 42.9% in 2018 and a decrease in short acting methods from 71.6% in 2014 to 54.0% in 2018. The odds of contraception use among older women was 1.48 times higher than among adolescents (aOR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.81); among married women 0.74 times compared to the unmarried women (aOR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.86). The odds of contraception use increased with increasing education (secondary or higher education: aOR 3.78; 95% CI: 2.90, 4.92) and wealth quintiles (highest wealth quintile: aOR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.65). There were significant differences in DFPS by modern methods: older women vs adolescents (aOR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.96, 2.93); married vs unmarried women (aOR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.32, 1.78); secondary or higher education vs no education: aOR 2.39 (95% CI: 1.95, 2.94); and highest vs lowest wealth quintile: aOR = 1.53 (95% CI: 1.24, 1.89).Conclusion: Contraceptive use and specifically long-acting reversible contraceptives are on the rise in Kenya. However, persistent inequities need to be addressed if no women are going to be left behind to access and use family planning/contraceptives. Current achievements should be maintained while targeting women who are poor, uneducated/illiterate, young, and living in rural areas.

scholarly journals Modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among married and cohabiting women in Papua New Guinea: a population-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Ebenezer Agbaglo ◽  
Louis Kobina Dadzie ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Contraceptive Usage ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use

Abstract Background Universal access to family planning has been emphasized by the international development agenda, as evident in the Sustainable Development Goal 3.7. This notwithstanding, the use of modern contraceptives has been minimal in low- and middle-income countries, especially in Papua New Guinea. In view of this, we investigated the factors associated with the use of modern contraceptives and the associated factors among married and cohabiting women in Papua New Guinea. Methods The study utilised the Demographic and Health Survey data of 2345 women in sexual unions in Papua New Guinea. We employed a descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses. We presented the results as crude Odds Ratios (COR) and adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI) signifying level of precision. Level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results We found that 74.4% of the women were using modern contraceptives ranging from injectables (44.5%) to other modern methods (0.23%). Women aged 15–19 [AOR = 7.425, 95% CI = 2.853, 19.32], residents of the Highland region [AOR = 1.521, 95% CI =1.086, 2.131], self-employed women in the agricultural sector [AOR = 1.710, 95% CI = 1.218, 2.400], and women who listened to radio at least once a week [AOR = 1.409, 95% CI = 1.048, 1.895] had higher odds of modern contraceptive usage. However, women in the Islands region [AOR = 0.291, 95% CI = 0.224, 0.377], women whose husbands had higher education [AOR = 0.531,95%CI = 0.318,0.886], women in professional/technical/managerial work [AOR = 0.643, 95% CI = 0.420, 0.986], and those with no child [AOR = 0.213, CI = 0.0498,0.911] had lower odds of modern contraceptive use. Conclusion Out of the 2345 participants, we found that majority of them were using modern contraceptives and the commonly used modern contraceptive was injectables. Age, region of residence, partner's education, employment, partner's desire for children, and frequency of listening to radio are associated with modern contraceptive usage. Tailored reproductive healthcare should be developed for women who are disadvantaged when it comes to the usage of modern contraceptives in order to boost modern contraceptive use among them. Further investigation is needed to unravel the motivation for the high usage of injectables among married and cohabiting women in Papua New Guinea.

Factors That Influence Contraceptive Use Among Women Aged 35 - 49 Years and Their Male Partners in Gomoa West District, Ghana: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Takyi ◽  
Miho Sato ◽  
Michael Adjabeng ◽  
Chris Smith
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Modern Contraceptives

Abstract BackgroundThe use of contraception among women aged 35 to 49 years is imperative due to the risk of unplanned pregnancy and poor obstetric outcomes. However, the use of contraceptives in this age group has been reported to be low. In Ghana, studies are limited that determine factors influencing contraception among women in this age group, in particular the influence of husbands. This study aims to ascertain factors that influence contraception among women aged 35 to 49 years and their male partners. ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to describe factors that influence contraceptive use among women aged 35 to 49 years and their male partners in Gomoa West District of Ghana.MethodsA total of 44 informants participated in the study. In-depth interviews were conducted remotely for 22 women, 15 male partners of women interviewed, and seven family planning service providers. 21 informants participated in four focus group discussions organized. A simple thematic analysis was undertaken. ResultsFactors that influenced the use of contraceptives were achieved desired family size, counselling by health professionals, experience and/or fear of side effects, health reasons and influence of male partner. Barriers to using modern contraceptives included religious or socio-cultural reasons, experience or fear of side effects, rumors or misconceptions, and the belief that contraceptive use is a matter for women. ConclusionsThis study described factors that influence contraception among women 35 to 49 years and their male partners. All informants used some form of contraception. Strengthening male involvement in family planning activities and health educational activities could alleviate fear and reduce misconceptions about using modern contraceptives.

scholarly journals The role of empowerment in the use of modern contraceptives among women in need of family planning in Burkina Faso: A multilevel analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Y. M. SOME ◽  
Christy Pu ◽  
Song-Lih Huang
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use

Abstract Background In Burkina Faso, women still have difficulty satisfying their family planning demand because of the patriarchal and gender-unequal society. Despite evidence that women’s empowerment can help, few studies have measured its impact at both community and household levels. Taking into account these two parameters, we looked into the association between women’s empowerment and modern contraception use among Married Women of Reproductive Age (MWRA) with no desire for having children in Burkina Faso. Methods Using the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), we analyzed data from 4714 MWRA with family planning needs from 573 communities. Indicators of gender equality at the community level were composed of aggregated variables for each primary sampling unit, and domains of women’s agency in households matters were derived with principal component analysis. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to gauge the effects of empowerment on modern contraceptives use adjusted for household socioeconomic status and demographics of women. Results Among MWRA, 30.8% satisfied their demand for family planning using modern methods. At the community level, higher women’s assets ownership (aOR 1.26, CI 1.04 - 1.54), secondary education (aOR 1.45, OR 1.08 - 1.64), and exposure to family planning messages (aOR 1.33, CI 1.08 - 1.64) were associated with more modern contraceptive use; higher ideal number of children was negatively associated (aOR 0.76, CI 0.61 - 0.95). Unexpectedly, higher community prevalence of female genital mutilation was positively associated with contraceptive use (aOR 1.25, CI 1.03-1.52). Women’s agency in household matters, including opposing domestic violence, involved with decisions and enjoying freedom in seeking healthcare were positively associated with use, but only the last domain remained significant in multilevel analysis (aOR 1.29, CI 1.08 - 1.54). Living in richer household, being older, and having secondary education level were also positively associated with modern contraceptive use. Conclusion Gender equality at the community level and women’s situation in the household constitute the context in which women’s demand for family planning is determined. Therefore, promoting gender equality and ensuring women’s entitlement to make life choices have the potential to increase modern contraceptive coverage along with improved life conditions.

Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Papua New Guinea: a nationwide survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Lee ◽  
Fabrizio D'Esposito ◽  
Jambi Garap ◽  
Geoffrey Wabulembo ◽  
Samuel Peter Koim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Capital ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and main causes of blindness and vision impairment in people aged 50 years and older in Papua New Guinea (PNG).DesignNational cross-sectional population-based survey in National Capital District (NCD), Highlands, Coastal and Islands regions.MethodsAdults aged 50 years and above were recruited from 100 randomly selected clusters. Each participant underwent monocular presenting and pinhole visual acuity (VA) assessment and lens examination. Those with pinhole VA<6/12 in either eye had a dilated fundus examination to determine the primary cause of reduced vision. Those with obvious lens opacity were interviewed on barriers to cataract surgery.ResultsA total of 4818 adults were examined. The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted prevalence of blindness (VA <3/60), severe vision impairment (SVI, VA <6/60 but ≥3/60), moderate vision impairment (MVI, VA <6/18 but ≥6/60) and early vision impairment (EVI, VA <6/12 but ≥6/18) was 5.6% (95% CI 4.9% to 6.3%), 2.9% (95% CI 2.5% to 3.4%), 10.9% (95% CI 9.9% to 11.9%) and 7.3% (95% CI 6.6% to 8.0%), respectively. The main cause of blindness, SVI and MVI was cataract, while uncorrected refractive error was the main cause of EVI. A significantly higher prevalence of blindness, SVI and MVI occurred in the Highlands compared with NCD. Across all regions, women had lower cataract surgical coverage and spectacle coverage than men.ConclusionsPNG has one of the highest reported prevalence of blindness globally. Cataract and uncorrected refractive error are the main causes, suggesting a need for increased accessible services with improved resources and advocacy for enhancing eye health literacy.

scholarly journals Family planning counseling and its associations with modern contraceptive use, initiation, and continuation in rural Uttar Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabamallika Dehingia ◽  
Anvita Dixit ◽  
Sarah Averbach ◽  
Vikas Choudhry ◽  
Arnab Dey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use ◽  
Continued Use

Abstract Background We examine the association between the quality of family planning (FP) counseling received in past 24 months, and current modern contraceptive use, initiation, and continuation, among a sample of women in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods This study included data from a longitudinal study with two rounds of representative household survey (2014 and 2016), with currently married women of age 15–49 years; the analysis excluded women who were already using a permanent method of contraceptive during the first round of survey and who reported discontinuation because they wanted to be pregnant (N = 1398). We measured quality of FP counseling using four items on whether women were informed of advantages and disadvantages of different methods, were told of method(s) that are appropriate for them, whether their questions were answered, and whether they perceived the counseling to be helpful. Positive responses to every item was categorized as higher quality counseling, vs lower quality counseling for positive response to less than four items. Outcome variables included modern contraceptive use during the second round of survey, and a variable categorizing women based on their contraceptive use behavior during the two rounds: continued-users, new-users, discontinued-users, and non-users. Results Around 22% had received any FP counseling; only 4% received higher-quality counseling. Those who received lower-quality FP counseling had 2.42x the odds of reporting current use of any modern contraceptive method (95% CI: 1.56–3.76), and those who received higher quality FP counseling at 4.14x the odds of reporting modern contraceptive use (95% CI: 1.72–9.99), as compared to women reporting no FP counseling. Women receiving higher-quality counseling also had higher likelihood of continued use (ARRR 5.93; 95% CI: 1.97–17.83), as well as new use or initiation (ARRR: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.44–12.35) of modern contraceptives. Receipt of lower-quality counseling also showed statistically significant associations with continued and new use of modern contraceptives, but the effect sizes were smaller than those for higher-quality counseling. Conclusions Findings suggest the value of FP counseling. With a patient-centered approach to counseling, continued use of modern contraceptives can be supported among married women of reproductive age. Unfortunately, FP counseling, particularly higher-quality FP counseling remains rare.

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