scholarly journals Inhibition of the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in the presence of different potassium sorbate concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Engel ◽  
Antônio Azeredo Coutinho Neto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Food Preservative ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
In Vitro Plant

One of the major problems of in vitro plant cultivation is caused by contaminations such asfungal, which represent great losses for plant cultivation laboratories. In view of the problem about contamination and gaps in efficient disinfection protocols, the present study aimed to evaluate the inhibition of the fungus Colletotrichum. lindemuthianum in the presence of the potassium sorbate food preservative at different concentrations (0 g L-1; 0.076 g. L-1; 0.15 g. L-1; 0.30 g. L-1; 0.45 g. L-1; 0.60 g. L-1 and 0.75 g. L-1). The analyses of the Percentage of Micelal Growth Inhibition (ICP) and the growth at 24 and 72 hours at different concentrations were quantified. It was observed that Potassium Sorbate was effective in the analysis of ICP at different concentrations in relation to control, with greater effectiveness for T4 to T7. The highest percentages of inhibition (T5 to T7) presenting an inhibition rate of mean mycelial growth of 17.5 % in relation to the control for the 72h period, indicating, therefore, that with further studies this preservative can be used to combat fungal microorganisms in vitro culture.

scholarly journals Use of Three Synthetic Fungicides to Reduce the Incidence of Ascochyta Blight (Ascochyta rabiei) in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): A Susceptible Cultivars Case

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim E. Benzohra ◽  
Boubekeur S. Bendahmane ◽  
M. Youcef Benkada ◽  
Mohamed Mégateli ◽  
Hakima Belaidi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Systemic Fungicide ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Inhibition Rate

This study examined the effect of three synthetic fungicide, maneb “Manebe80®” chlorothalonil “Bravo®” and azoxystrobin “Ortiva®” on the incidence of ascochyta blight (AB) of chickpea caused by Ascochyta rabiei using three chickpea germplasm (ILC482, ILC484 and Flip 1025). The results, statisticaly reliable (C.V. less than 20%), indicated the in vitro test of chemical control has significant effect at P0.01, on the mycelial growth of pathogen. All three fungicides caused important MGI% (Mycelial growth inhibition rate), which varied between 30 and 66%. There was a significant action induced by chlorothalonil fungicide (54 – 65%), followed closely by azoxystrobin (46 – 63%) and maneb (30 – 65%). In the in vivo test of chemical control for AB incidence by detached leaves showed a remarkable percentage of reduction in the severity of ascochyta blight varied between 20 and 80%. We noticed that the systemic fungicide like azoxystrobin can reduce the ascochyta blight severity (RDS%), with ranging between 71 and 80%, for other two contact fungicides (chlorothalonil and maneb), the mycelia growth inhibition rate was close to 50% (from 20 to 47%). These results indicated that the systemic fungicides, like azoxystrobin, have a significantly reduced the incidence and development of ascochyta blight disease in the susceptible cultivars (ILC1929, ILC263 and ILC484).

Management of collar rot disease in chickpea by Trichoderma species

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PREM PANDEY ◽  
G. C. SAGAR ◽  
SUNDARMAN SHRESTHA2 ◽  
HIRAKAJI MANANDHAR ◽  
RITESH K. YADAV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

Nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from different agro- ecological regions of Nepal viz; Jumla, Palpa, Chitwan, Tarahara, Banke, Illam and Salyan and screened against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Adreded soil borne phytopathogen causing collar rot of chickpea in chickpea; In-vitro efficacy of nine fungal antagonist (Trichoderma spp.) against Sclerotium rolfsii were screened. Pot experiment was done to find out the effective management of S. rolfsi through Tricoderma using different methods i.e. Seed treatment, soil drenching and soil application. All the tested isolates of Trichoderma spp. were found effective on mycelial growth inhibition and sclerotial parasitization of S. rolfsii. Trichoderma isolated from Palpa district showed maximum growth inhibition (%) of pathogen periodically after 48(93.78%), 72(96.00%), 96(97.96%) and 120(100.00%) hours of inoculation. Parasitized sclerotium showed minimum sclerotial germination on agar plates. Moreover, Trichoderma species isolated from Palpa districts showed second best percent mycelial growth inhibition periodically at 72(25.00%), 120(29.16%), 168(29.16%) and 216(29.16%).In pot experiment at 40 days after sowing, Seedling height was maximum in soil drenching with 30g per 100ml of water (22.27cm) and Mortality percentage of seedlings was least or highest disease control was observed in seed treated with 109cfu/ml (0.000%).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bioagents and Biopesticides against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and its Integrated Management in Common Bean

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad PADDER ◽  
Prem Nath SHARMA ◽  
Renu KAPIL ◽  
Anju PATHANIA ◽  
Om Prakash SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Gliocladium Virens ◽  
Foliar Treatment

Three bioagents (Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and Gliocladium virens) and five biopesticides (Achook, Neemgold, Wannis, Spictaf and Neemazal) were evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. All the three antagonistic fungi caused significant inhibition of mycelial growth, maximum being with T. viride (69.21%) followed by T. harzianum (64.20%). Among the biopesticides tested at four concentrations, Wanis applied @ 1000 ?l/ml caused maximum inhibition of 82.12 per cent followed by Spictaf (52.85%). T. viride and Wanis @ 1000 ?l/ml were most effective in reducing the seed borne infection. Integration of bioagents with Bavistin showed that disease can be effectively managed with seed dressing either with Bavistin or biopesticide followed by foliar treatment with fungicide or biopesticide.

scholarly journals Jacob’s ladder Polemonium caeruleum L. and black salsify Sсorzonera hispanica L. in vitro culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 216-221
Author(s):  
O. V. Bulko ◽  
L. G. Lioshina
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Root Culture ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Composition Modification ◽  
Jacob's Ladder ◽  
Optimal Medium

Aim. Micropropagation of Jacob’s ladder Polemonium caeruleum L. and black salsify Scorzonera hispanica L., obtaining root culture and regenerated plants. Methods. In vitro plant cultivation, medium composition modification for micropropagation, inoculation of explants with agrobacterial strains. Results. In vitro cultures of Jacob’s ladder and black salsify have been obtained, the optimal medium composition has been determined for the effective plants multiplication, rooting and growth, root cultures and regenerated plants of studied species have been obtained. Conclusions. Obtained technology of in vitro culture establishment of P. caeruleum and S. hispanica can be used for plants microclonal propagation so as root culture and regenerated plants acquiring due to the agrobacterial transformation – for further studies of secondary metabolism of these plants. Keywords: P. caeruleum L., S. hispanica L., micropropagation, phytohormones, root culture.

scholarly journals Suppression of Stem-End Rot on Avocado Fruit Using Trichoderma spp. in the Central Highlands of Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
E. K. Wanjiku ◽  
J. W. Waceke ◽  
J. N. Mbaka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae

Demand for organic avocado fruits, together with stringent food safety standards in the global market, has made producers to use alternative, safe, and consumer-friendly strategies of controlling the postharvest fungal disease of avocado fruits. This study assessed the in vitro efficacy of Trichoderma spp. (T. atroviride, T. virens, T. asperellum, and T. harzianum) against isolated avocado stem-end rot (SER) fungal pathogens (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Nectria pseudotrichia, and Fusarium solani) using a dual culture technique. The Trichoderma spp. were also evaluated singly on postharvest “Hass” avocado fruits. Spore suspension at 5 × 104 conidial/ml of the Trichoderma spp. was applied on the avocado fruits at three time points, twenty-four hours before the fungal pathogen (preinoculation), at the same time as the fungal pathogen (concurrent inoculation), and 24 hours after the fungal pathogen (postinoculation). In the in vitro study, T. atroviride showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. parvum (48%), N. pseudotrichia (55%), and F. solani (32.95%), while T. harzianum had the highest mycelial growth inhibition against L. theobromae. Trichoderma asperellum was the least effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all the pathogens. Similarly, T. virens showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. pseudotrichia at 45% inhibition. On postharvest “Hass” fruits, T. atroviride showed the highest efficacy against N. parvum, N. pseudotrichia, and F. solani in all the applications. Trichoderma virens and T. harzianum were most effective against all the pathogens during postinoculation, while Lasiodiplodia theobromae was best controlled by T. virens, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum during postinoculation. Both T. atroviride and T. harzianum present a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides against postharvest diseases of avocado fruits, and further tests under field conditions to be done to validate their efficacy. The possibility of using Trichoderma spp. in the management of SER on avocado fruits at a commercial level should also be explored.

scholarly journals In-vitro evaluation of six bio-product against coriander stem gall disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munish Leharwan ◽  
Meenu Gupta ◽  
Sanjeev Leharwan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Cent Concentration ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
Butter Milk ◽  
Poison Food Technique

Stem gall of coriander caused by Protomyces macrosporus Unger. is a highly devastating seed and soil borne pathogen in coriander and has emerged as one of the major disease causing substantial quantitative and qualitative losses. In the present studies, efficacy of six bio-products, namely, Neemazal, cow urine, butter milk, fresh milk, beejamrit and jeevamrit was screened against mycelial growth inhibition of P. macrosporus under in vitro conditions. Extracts of these bio-products were evaluated at three different concentrations (i.e 10, 20 and 30%) by poison food technique. Results revealed that that among the various bio-products evaluated against test pathogen, irrespective of concentration tested, all the bio-products resulted in significant inhibition in mycelial growth of test pathogen with neemazal giving the complete inhibition [100.00 % (90.00)] followed by fresh milk [30.66 % (28.44)] and butter milk [26.55 % (25.99)], though these treatments were statistically different from one another. Different concentrations (10 to 30 %) of bio-products, irrespective of the treatments showed that 30 per cent concentration of all bio-products was most efficacious in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the test pathogen giving 69.95 per cent (36.77) growth inhibition. This was followed 20 and 10 per cent concentration of bio-products resulting in 55.58 per cent (32.49) and 45.53 per cent (16.30) growth inhibition, respectively. The result regarding evaluation of bio-products under in vitro conditions against the P. macrosporus showed that Neemazal treatment was most effective at all concentrations and completely inhibited the test fungus followed by 30 per cent fresh milk resulting in the mycelial growth inhibition of 51.60 per cent.

scholarly journals Contribution of Hydrogen Cyanide to the Antagonistic Activity of Pseudomonas Strains Against Phytophthora infestans

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Abhishek Anand ◽  
Delphine Chinchilla ◽  
Christopher Tan ◽  
Laurent Mène-Saffrané ◽  
Floriane L’Haridon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Plants face many biotic and abiotic challenges in nature; one of them is attack by disease-causing microbes. Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight is one of the most prominent pathogens of the potato responsible for multi-billion-dollar losses every year. We have previously reported that potato-associated Pseudomonas strains inhibited P. infestans at various developmental stages. A comparative genomics approach identified several factors putatively involved in this anti-oomycete activity, among which was the production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Here, we report the relative contribution of HCN emission to the overall anti-Phytophthora activity of two cyanogenic Pseudomonas strains, P. putida R32 and P. chlororaphis R47. To quantify this contribution, we generated HCN-negative mutants (Δhcn) and compared their activities to those of their respective wild types in different experiments assessing P. infestans mycelial growth, zoospore germination, and infection of potato leaf disks. Using in vitro experiments allowing only volatile-mediated interactions, we observed that HCN accounted for most of the mycelial growth inhibition (57% in R47 and 80% in R32). However, when allowing both volatile and diffusible compound-mediated interactions, HCN only accounted for 1% (R47) and 18% (R32) of mycelial growth inhibition. Likewise, both mutants inhibited zoospore germination in a similar way as their respective wild types. More importantly, leaf disk experiments showed that both wild-type and Δhcn strains of R47 and R32 were able to limit P. infestans infection to a similar extent. Our results suggest that while HCN is a major contributor to the in vitro volatile-mediated restriction of P. infestans mycelial growth, it does not play a major role in the inhibition of other disease-related features such as zoospore germination or infection of plant tissues.

scholarly journals Effect of different salts on the development of Fusarium solani var. coeruleum, a causal agent of potato dry rot

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie R. Mecteau ◽  
Joseph Arul ◽  
Russell J. Tweddell
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Trisodium Phosphate ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Sodium Metabisulfite ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Potato Dry Rot

The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the effect of different salts on the in vitro development of Fusarium solani var. coeruleum, and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of the salts for reducing dry rot severity caused by the pathogen in potato tubers. The study showed that several salts significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of F. solani var. coeruleum. Aluminium acetate, aluminium chloride, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulfite, potassium sorbate and trisodium phosphate completely inhibited mycelial growth. Exposure of F. solani var. coeruleum conidia to aluminium acetate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulfite or trisodium phosphate at 0.2 M resulted in 100% mortality of the conidia after 1 h while aluminium chloride and aluminium lactate caused 100% mortality after an exposure of 24 h. In order to evaluate the effect of salts on potato dry rot development, F. solani var. coeruleum-inoculated tubers were treated with the different salts and disease severity was evaluated following an incubation period of 7 d. Among the test salts, only aluminium chloride caused a significant reduction in potato dry rot compared with the control. The study points out the possibility of using aluminium chloride to control potato dry rot.

scholarly journals Baseline Sensitivity of Fusarium virguliforme to Fluopyram Fungicide

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Carl A. Bradley ◽  
Olivia Stenzel ◽  
Dianne K. Pedersen ◽  
Ursula Reuter-Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Growth Inhibition Assay ◽  
Fusarium Virguliforme ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Conidia Germination

Fluopyram, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, was recently registered for use as a soybean seed treatment for management of sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme. Although registered and now used commercially, in vitro baseline fungicide sensitivity of F. virguliforme to fluopyram has not yet been established. In this study, the baseline sensitivity of F. virguliforme to fluopyram was determined using in vitro growth of mycelium and germination of conidia assays with two collections of F. virguliforme isolates. A total of 130 and 75 F. virguliforme isolates were tested using the mycelial growth and conidia germination assays, respectively, including a core set of isolates that were tested with both assays. In the mycelial growth inhibition assay, 113 out of 130 isolates (86.9%) were inhibited 50% by effective concentrations (EC50) less than 5 µg/ml with a mean EC50 of 3.35 µg/ml. For the conidia germination assay, 73 out of 75 isolates (97%) were determined to have an estimated EC50 of less than 5 µg/ml with a mean EC50 value of 2.28 µg/ml. In a subset of 20 common isolates that were phenotyped with both assays, conidia germination of F. virguliforme was determined to be more sensitive to fluopyram (mean EC50 = 2.28 µg/ml) than mycelial growth (mean EC50 = 3.35 µg/ml). Hormetic effects were observed in the mycelial growth inhibition assay as 22% of the isolates demonstrated more growth on medium amended with the lowest fluopyram concentration (1 µg/ml), as compared with the nonfluopyram amended control. It was not possible to determine EC50 values for nine out of 185 isolates (4.8%), as those isolates were not inhibited by 50% even at the highest fluopyram concentrations of 100 µg/ml for mycelial growth and 20 µg/ml for conidia germination inhibition assays. On the whole, the F. virguliforme population appears to be sensitive to fluopyram, and this study enables future monitoring of fungicide sensitivity.

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