scholarly journals Contemporary ecological state of waters of the Caspian Sea during development of oil and gas deposits

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
A. F. Sokolskiy ◽  
A. Sh. Kanbetov ◽  
N. N. Popov ◽  
B. A. Mutashev ◽  
N. I. Rabazanov
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
The Impact

Aim. This study was an attempt by the authors to identify the impact of oil production in the Caspian Sea on the quality of waters surrounding oil and gas-production platforms.Material and Methods. In 2018, by order of the Committee for Forestry and Wildlife of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazekoproekt carried out comprehensive marine research to assess the state of biological resources in the eastern part of the Caspian Sea. All studies were carried out according to standard methods accepted in international practice. Samples were collected in summer (July-August) 2018 and autumn (September) 2018.Results. An analysis of the materials of environmental studies carried out in the water area of the eastern part of the Caspian Sea in 2018 established the absence of biogenic concentrations in sea water in excess of the standard indicators. It was found that in the waters surrounding several stations in summer and autumn, concentrations of oil products were exceeded. The concentrations of pesticides in the waters of the northern Caspian Sea recorded in 2018 were not detected.Conclusion. It was found that in the eastern part of the Caspian Sea in 2018 there was no concentration of biogenic elements in sea water above the standard indicators. Of the heavy metals, an excess of maximum permissible concentrations was found only at one station - of copper in the summer over 159 sq. m and in the autumn over 121 sq. m. Of particular concern is the fact that at several stations in summer and autumn excessive concentrations of petroleum products were recorded. The concentrations of pesticides in the waters of the northern Caspian Sea recorded in 2018 were not detected.

New Stage in the Geopolitical Struggle around the Caspian Sea after 1991

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Stanislav Aleksandrovich Pritchin
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Complete Work ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The Military

For almost three centuries, starting with the campaign of Peter the Great in 1721-1722, Russia has traditionally played a key role in the Caspian Sea. The situation changed dramatically with the collapse of the USSR in 1991 and the emergence of three new regional players-Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. For Russia, this meant a significant reduction in influence in the region and the loss of control over most of the water area and the sea and its resources. In the historiography devoted to the region, the emphasis is placed on assessing the new round of geopolitical struggle, the position and interests of Western and regional powers. The author of this article provides a critical analysis of changes in Russian policy towards the Caspian Sea over the past 30 years and assesses the effectiveness of these changes. The difficult transition from the role of a dominant player in a region closed to external competitors to an open geopolitical confrontation over resources, their transportation routes, and political influence at the first stage was not in favor of Russia. Russia could not defend the principle of a condominium for joint development of hydrocarbon resources of the sea. With the active assistance of Western competitors, Russia lost its status as a monopoly transit country for oil and gas from the region. At the same time, thanks to diplomatic efforts and increased political dialogue with its neighbors in the region, Russia managed to resolve all territorial issues at sea by 2003, maintain the closed status of the sea for the military forces of third countries, and by 2018 complete work on the Convention on the international legal status of the sea, which established the principles of cooperation in the region that are important for the Russian Federation. Thus, official Moscow managed to achieve the strategic goals adapted after the collapse of the USSR by using the traditional strengths of its foreign policy and consolidate its status as the most influential player in the region.

HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESERVOIR WATERS OF THE CASPIAN SEA DEPOSITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
NABIEVA VICTORIA V. ◽  
◽  
SEREBRYAKOV ANDREY O. ◽  
SEREBRYAKOV OLEG I. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Salt Composition ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Recovery Coefficient ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics

Hydrogeological conditions of reservoir waters of oil and gas fields in the northern water area of the Caspian Sea characterize the geological features of the structure of the Northern Caspian shelf, as well as the thermodynamic parameters of the exploitation of productive deposits, production and transportation of oil and gas. Reservoir waters contain water-soluble gases. According to the size of mineralization, the ratio of the main components of the salt composition, as well as the presence of iodine and bromine, reservoir waters can be attributed to a relatively "young" genetic age, subject to secondary geochemical processes of changing the salt composition in interaction with "secondary" migrated hydrocarbons. The physical and chemical properties of reservoir waters are determined by PVT analysis technologies. Hydrogeological and geochemical studies of compatibility with reservoir waters of marine waters injected to maintain reservoir pressures (PPD) during the development of offshore fields in order to increase the oil recovery coefficient (KIN) indicate the absence of colmating secondary sedimentation in mixtures of natural and man-made waters.

scholarly journals Technogenic risks of building and operation of oil and gas complexes in offshore area of the Caspian Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Николай Панасенко ◽  
Nikolay Panasenko ◽  
Алексей Синельщиков ◽  
Aleksey Sinel'schikov ◽  
Павел Яковлев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Offshore Oil

The article touches upon the problem of technogenic risks arising in the course of building and operating oil and gas complexes in the Caspian Sea taking into account the adoption of the Con-vention on the legal status of the Caspian Sea and regulation of the territorial division of the Caspian Sea. Technological risks are presented from the position of safety of industrial facilities in the offshore area and in the coastal zone, the impact of these facilities on the ecology of the Caspian is considered. The risk analysis was carried out taking into account world experience, as well as incidents that occurred at the offshore oil and gas production facilities in the Caspian Sea. There has been presented the layout of oil and gas fields at the bottom of the Caspian Sea and the division of the bottom based on adopting the Convention. A general description of the Caspian Sea has been given; unique features of the Caspian and the most unexplored seismic effects have been stated. It has been recommended to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the state of the seabed according to seismological, mud, volcanic and engineering-geological conditions; to develop measures for preventing and reducing the damage from hazardous natural processes and exploitation of oil and gas fields; to forecast the fluctuations of the Caspian Sea level, taking into account today’s economic activity; to study the natural and technogenic factors determining the environmental safety of the Caspian Sea; to monitor seismic phenomena, crustal movement in zones of tectonic faults at the sea bottom, etc. The speed and direction of wind currents in the Caspian Sea have been analyzed. The maps of mud volcanoes location in the Caspian basin (located on land, hidden and identified by seismic, geological, geophysical and geochemical methods, etc.) are illustrated. Conclusions are made about the high risks for developing hydrocarbon deposits in the Caspian Sea basin. There is the need to take into account environmental requirements and standards, to use modern technologies, to prevent incidents at offshore oil and gas production facilities.

scholarly journals Technogenic risks of Caspian offshore area development

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Mikhail Nikolaevich Pokusaev ◽  
Nikolay Nikitovich Panasenko ◽  
Alexey Vladimirovich Sinelshchikov ◽  
Pavel Victorovich Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Offshore Area

The article presents a detailed analysis of the technogenic risks in building and operating oil and gas complexes in the offshore area of the Caspian Sea and actualizes the problem of the Caspian environmental crisis, the possible measures for preventing and minimizing the negative consequences from the extensive offshore oil and gas production for the ecosystem being considered. The geothermal regime of the ground of the Caspian Sea has been analyzed in respect of the deep-earth processes. The bottom of the Caspian Sea is rather varied, hence, the risks for constructing facilities in the area under development are possible. The surface, underwater and island mud volcanoes formed by the large longitudinal and transverse tectonic disturbances pose a threat to oil production and transportation facilities. The tectonic processes of the bottom of the Caspian Sea are studied in detail. It has been stated that the global geodynamic processes are taking place in the earth's crust of the region affecting the natural environment of the Caspian Sea, which will inevitably affect the industrial objects on the shelf. The Caspian Sea ground is divided into two parts in terms of seismic activity: the seismically inactive northern part (the Scythian-Turanian platform and the East European platform) and the southern part (alpine orogenic-folded belt) that is currently seismically active. The diagrams of possible earthquakes and seismic activity in the bottom area of the Caspian Sea are presented. Since the mechanism of the developing seismic activity caused by volcanoes is not fully examined, there has been substantiated the need to prognose precisely the location of hazardous zones and joints in connection with the development of the oil and gas industry. The tectonic and geological frame of the Caspian region has been illustrated; the regional fractures that influence the formation of biosphere zones and the largest tectonic joints that affect natural and man-made processes are noted. Particular attention is paid to the risks of the hydrogen sulfide pollution of the Caspian Sea. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects for the development of the Caspian, which is rich in oil and gas reserves; on the need to ensure safety and reduce losses in the ecological system of the Caspian Sea.

Psychological Adaptation Peculiarities of the Offshore Ice-Resistant Oil and Gas Production Platform Workers in the Caspian Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Korneeva ◽  
Natalia Simonova
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Production Platform

Abstract The fly-in-fly-out personnel on the oil platform are exposed to extreme climatic and geographic and production factors, and also remain in group isolation conditions, which makes demands on the body of the fly-in-fly-out worker that often exceed its reserves. This excludes the possibility of full psychological adaptation to these conditions and causes the emergence of specialist's unfavorable functional states, which lead to a decrease in the mental health level, productivity and professional performance. The worker's labor tasks of various professions differ in physical and physiological stress, as well as in the degree of harmful production factors action. The goal is to identify the psychological adaptability of the offshore ice-resistant oil and gas production platform fly-in-fly-out employees in the Caspian Sea. The study was conducted on the offshore ice-resistant platform in the Caspian Sea (April 2019), 50 employees took part in it (fly-in duration - 14 days \ fly-out period – 14 days). Research methods are questionnaire, psychological and psychophysiological testing. By psychological adaptation we understand a personality traits system necessary for the productive performance of our leading activities. Due to the fact that fly-in-fly-out oil and gas workers are affected by climate, production and socio-psychological factors, we will study psychological adaptability through subjective criteria: indicators of regulatory processes, subjective control, socio-psychological adaptation, as well as personal characteristics, and objective criteria: functional state level (working capacity, job stress and other). The psychological adaptability peculiarities were revealed among employees with an optimal and reduced level of functional reserves and working capacity. The oil and gas production platform employees are distinguished by a high level of self-regulation, which is expressed in the ability to form a self-regulation style that allows them to compensate for the personal influence, characterological characteristics that impede the goal achievement. Among the regulatory processes, a high expression level is observed in planning and modeling. The employees have a need for conscious planning of activities, the plans in this case are realistic, detailed, hierarchical, effective and stable, the goals of the activity are put forward independently. They are able to identify significant conditions for achieving goals both in the current situation and in the long-term future, which is manifested in the adequacy of the action programs to the action plans, the results correspondence obtained to the adopted goals. Programming, evaluation of results, independence and flexibility are developed among employees at an average level. The workers are characterized by an average subjective control level. They believe that most of the important events in their life are the result of their own actions, that they can control them, and feel their own responsibility for these events and for the way their life in general develops. It should be noted that there is a negative relationship between the subjective control level and the functional reserves level of employees. With an increase in the subjective control level, the internal reserves decrease level. This can be explained by the fact that taking responsibility for life events requires more inclusion and resources. A high level of subjective control can lead to overexertion of employees. This is confirmed by the results of our previous studies.

scholarly journals BIODIVERSITY OF OBJECTS OF AQUATIC BIORESOURCES OF THE VOLGA-CASPIAN FISHERY AREA

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Arsen Vyacheslavovich Mirzoyan ◽  
Raisa Pavlovna Khodorevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
The North ◽  
Caspian Seal

In the course of the study there has been carried out the analysis of the data (both first-hand research and literature data), which characterize different species of fish, Caspian seal, river and crayfish and lobsters of the Volga-Caspian fishery basin. There have been listed families and species composition of the water biological resources on the water area of the Volga-Caspian fishery basin - 125 species and subspecies of fish (only 35 species are used in commercial fishing), belonging to 21 families. They have been divided into ecological groups according to spawning zones, preferred habitats and types of nutrition. Main features of ecological changes happened in the Caspian Sea for the last 65-70 years and resulted in drastic drop of fish catch volumes including sturgeons have been considered. In the populations of all sturgeon species there is a marked trend to dominating the young fishes - up to 80%. Increase in the number and improved biological characteristics was registered only in anadromous herring ( Alosa kessleri kessleri ) sires. Caspian seal retains the number of population on the level of the average annual figures, which is related to the favorable conditions for fattening and absence of critical epizootic situations. Materials on the long-term changes in the level of the Caspian Sea have been analyzed. The correspondence of sea level fluctuations and the size of commercial catches has been studied. The recommended measures for maintaining and development of the fishery complex in the Russian area of the Caspian basin (the Russian region) have been listed. The preservation of natural populations of all fish species, especially sea fish, anadromous fish of the Caspian Sea seems to be possible only if there are coordinated actions of all littoral states for preventing sea water pollution in the process of exploration and extraction of raw hydrocarbons, providing international inspections over preventive measures and creating the preserve zone in the North of the Caspian Sea (Russia, Kazakhstan).

scholarly journals Justification of integrated environmental and economic assessment of the impact actions in the field of oil and gas extraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Matsenko ◽  
Olga Gramma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the welfare state, in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine is to ensure conditions for the growth of welfare of citizens. One of the major components in the well-being of civilized societies is to ensure that citizens and businesses the necessary energy. Energy development is the basis for enhancing the social and economic living standards of the population and competitiveness. The key to this goal should be a reliable, economically viable and environmentally sound needs of the population and the economy of energy products. It is important to identify the critical factors is a threat to the energy security of the national economy. The state of the energy sector of Ukraine is negatively affected by continued dependence on imports of Russian natural gas, petroleum products and fuel for power plants. Today such dependence on primary energy, including coal, has become a leverage to Ukraine on the part of the neighboring state. The loss of the fuel and energy complex, and areas for future development of hydrocarbon resources as a result of the annexation of the Crimea and the military operations in the east of the country, as well as the destruction of the oil and gas infrastructure in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, yielded additional new factors which significantly weakened the energy security of the country. Given the instability of strategic task for Ukraine, it is vital to achieve the highest possible level to ensure the economy’s own oil and gas resources, which, to a certain extent, will contribute to energy independence and savings of foreign exchange reserves of the country, as well as infrastructure development in the industry, tax revenues, creation of additional jobs.

scholarly journals Assessment of TPHs and PAHs in the Marine Sediment Relating to Oil and Gas Extraction activity on the western coastline of Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Abdulali Abdulla
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are priority pollutants which are known to be associated with petroleum products. They are released into the marine environment via accidental spillage, exploration and transportation. The present study aims to assess the impact of petroleum and gas extraction activities on the pollution of coastal marine sediment of the western coastline of Qatar. Sixty-six surface sediment samples were collected along the western coastal area. The concentration of organic hydrocarbons (TPHs and PAHs) were determined using GC-FID and GC-MS, respectively. Sediment characteristics including pH, temperature, TOC and particle size were also measured. The results indicated low concentrations of TPH (<0.001-0.246 μg/g dry weight sediment) and PAHs (<0.001-0.044 μg/g dry weight sediment). The concentrations for both organic pollutants were lower compared to the previous studies done within Qatar and in the Arabian Gulf and also indicated below the available permissible limit set by the Ministry of Municipality and Environment of Qatar and other sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) used worldwide (NOAA).

scholarly journals MICROALGAE FROM THE COASTAL WATERS OF TYULENY ISLAND IN THE CASPIAN SEA

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-131
Author(s):  
R. M. Barkhalov ◽  
A. A. Abdurakhmanova ◽  
F. Sh. Amaeva
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Water Surface Layer ◽  
Rich Flora ◽  
Positive Effect

Aim. In this work, we set out to study the composition of a phytoplankton community in an important fishery area, the coastal water area of Tyuleny Island in the Caspian Sea.Methods. We present the results of seasonal observations (2016) on the state of phytoplankton in the coastal waters of Tyuleny Island in the Caspian Sea. In total, 120 phytoplankton samples were collected at four stations from the water surface layer (May–October) using the Nansen bottle and subsequent fixation by Lugolʹs solution. Sedimentation and concentration were carried out using standard procedures. The samples were processed in the Nageotte chamber with a volume of 0.1 ml under a light microscope.Results. According to the research results (2016), 103 species and varieties of microalgae were found in the phytoplankton samples collected from the water area of Tyuleny Island. The microalgae were represented by four divisions: Bacillariophyta – 49 species, Cyano‐ phyta – 24 species, Chlorophyta – 23 species and Pyrrophyta – 7 species. The greatest species diversity of phytoplankton in the studied water area was noted during the autumn period (61 spe‐ cies). In general, phytoplankton was found to be distributed homogeneously throughout the coastal area of the island, with the biomass concentration not reaching 1 g/m3.Conclusion. In 2016, favorable hydrological and hydrochemical conditions for the development of microalgae were observed. The desalinated water around Tyuleny Island, which is well warmed in the summer and does not freeze in the winter, contributed to the development of rich flora. Although bi‐ omass values were not high due to the prevalence of small‐celled microalgae in phytoplankton, in general, it should have a positive effect on the development of subsequent links in a trophic chain, as well as promote an increase in the productivity of waters of the Northern Caspian Sea. 

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