Biotype Composition of Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomiidae) Populations from Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, North Carolina and Virginia

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger H. Ratcliffe ◽  
Herbert W. Ohm ◽  
Fred L. Patterson ◽  
Sue E. Cambron
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Georgia Population ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Gravid Females

Fourteen populations of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), from Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, North Carolina, and Virginia were evaluated for biotype composition, and two Arkansas populations were tested for response to Hessian fly resistance genes or gene combinations H3, H5, H6, H7H8, and H9 to H19 in wheat. The biotype composition of Hessian fly populations was estimated by confining individual gravid females on the four wheat differential cultivars ‘Monon’ (H3), ‘Magnum’ (H5), ‘Caldwell’ (H6), and ‘Seneca’ (H7H8). The response of Arkansas fly populations to resistance genes was evaluated in replicated tests with wheat germplasm lines or cultivars homozygous for these genes. Hessian fly populations from Arkansas were predominately biotype L, with low levels of biotypes F, G, J, M, and O, depending upon population. Biotype L was predominant in the Illinois, North Carolina, and Virginia populations, although biotype D was present in populations from extreme southwestern Illinois and Virginia and North Carolina. Biotypes G, J, L, M, and O were identified from the west-central Georgia population collected at Griffin, while only biotypes M and O were identified from the southwestern Georgia population, collected at Plains. All fly populations were virulent to resistance genes H3, H5, and H6, while the southwestern Georgia population was avirulent to H7H8. Plants with single resistance genes H9 to H19 varied significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in their resistance to the two Arkansas populations. Plants with single resistance genes H9, H10, H13, H14, and H16 to H19 conditioned resistance (88 to 100%) to both populations, while plants with single genes Hll, H12, or H15 were susceptible to one or both populations. Wheat germplasm lines developed in the Purdue/USDA program that carry single gene resistances H9, H13, H14, and H16 to H19 should provide useful sources of resistance for developing improved wheat cultivars adapted to the mid-south and southeastern United States.

Resistance to Hessian Fly from North African Durum Wheat Germplasm

Crop Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Amri ◽  
J. H. Hatchett ◽  
T. S. Cox ◽  
M. El Bouhssini ◽  
R. G. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
North African ◽  
Wheat Germplasm

Registration of Hamlet, A Hessian Fly Resistant Red Winter Wheat Germplasm

Crop Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Sears ◽  
J. H. Hatchett ◽  
T. S. Cox ◽  
B. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

scholarly journals Seedling Stage Resistance of Iranian Bread Wheat Germplasm to Race Ug99 of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohammadi ◽  
Davoud Torkamaneh ◽  
Mehran Patpour
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Following emergence of Ug99, the new virulent race of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Africa, a global effort for identification and utilization of new sources of Ug99-resistant germplasm has been undertaken. In this study, we conducted replicated experiments to evaluate the resistance of Iranian wheat germplasm to the TTKSK lineage of the Ug99 race of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. We also evaluated for presence of stem rust resistance genes (i.e., Sr2, Sr24, Sr26, Sr38, Sr39, Sr31, and Sr1RSAmigo) in wheat cultivars and breeding lines widely cultivated in Iran. Our phenotyping data revealed high levels of susceptibility to Ug99 in Iranian bread wheat germplasm. Our genotyping data revealed that Iranian cultivars do not carry Sr24, Sr26, or Sr1RSAmigo. Only a few salt-tolerant cultivars and breeding lines tested positively for Sr2, Sr31, Sr38, or Sr39 markers. In conclusion, the genetic basis for resistance to Ug99 in Iranian wheat cultivars was found to be vulnerable. Acquiring knowledge about existing resistance genes and haplotypes in wheat cultivars and breeding lines will help breeders, cereal pathologists, and policy makers to select and pyramid effective stem rust resistance genes.

scholarly journals Identification of Phaeoisariopsis griseola pathotypes from five States in Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALOISIO SARTORATO
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Angular Leaf Spot ◽  
Phaeoisariopsis Griseola ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Due to the increased importance of angular leaf spot of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Brazil, monitoring the pathogenic variability of its causal agent (Phaeoisariopsis griseola) is the best strategy for a breeding program aimed at developing resistant genotypes. Fifty one isolates of P. griseola collected in five Brazilian States were tested on a set of 12 international differential cultivars in the greenhouse. When inoculated plants showed symptoms but no sporulation was observed, they were transferred to a moist chamber for approximately 20-24 h. After this period of time, if no sporulation was observed, the plants were considered resistant; otherwise, they were considered susceptible. From the fifty-one tested isolates, seven different pathotypes were identified. No Andean pathotypes were identified; consequently, all isolates were classified as Middle American pathotypes. Pathotype 63-31 was the most widespread. Pathotype 63-63 overcame resistance genes present in all differential cultivars and also the resistance gene(s) present in the cultivar AND 277. This fact has important implications for breeding angular leaf spot resistance in beans, and suggests that searching for new resistance genes to angular leaf spot must be pursued.

scholarly journals Sources of resistance to Crinipellis perniciosa in progenies of cacao accessions collected in the Brazilian Amazon

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 572-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Rodrigues Lavigne de Mello Paim ◽  
Edna Dora Martins Newman Luz ◽  
José Luís Pires ◽  
Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva ◽  
Jorge Teodoro de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Crinipellis Perniciosa ◽  
Broom Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Different Sources

The witches' broom disease caused by the fungus Crinipellis perniciosa is the main phytossanitary constraint for cacao production in Brazil. The integrated management of the disease involves resistance as one of the components. The breeding program conducted by the Brazilian Institution, CEPLAC is directed toward the pyramidation of resistance genes from different sources to achieve a more durable resistance. This study aimed to identify sources of resistance in progenies of cacao accessions collected in the basins of ten Amazonian rivers and compared to progenies from the Peruvian clones 'Scavina 6' and 'Sacavina 12'. Progenies from 40 Amazonian accessions and 'Scavina' were evaluated in the field for six years for witches' broom resistance through multivariate and repeated measurement analyses evaluating the effect of progeny, area, block, year, and their interactions. There were differences in the mean number of vegetative brooms on some Amazonian progenies and 'Scavina' descendants. There was an increase in the number of vegetative brooms in the last year for 'Scavina' progenies, but that was not observed for the Amazonian progenies 64, 66, 156, 194, 195, 269 and 274. There were different gene/alleles for resistance in the Amazonian progenies in comparison to the traditional 'Scavina' accessions. These new sources of resistance will be important for pyramiding resistance genes and consequently increasing the stability and durability of the resistance to witches' broom.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Variation of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causing Anthracnose of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Uganda

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Moses J. Kiryowa ◽  
Aston Ebinu ◽  
Vincent Kyaligonza ◽  
Stanley T. Nkalubo ◽  
Pamela Paparu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Differential Cultivar ◽  
Bean Anthracnose ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a highly variable pathogen of common beans that easily overcomes resistance in cultivars bred with single-gene resistance. To determine pathogenic variability of the pathogen in Uganda, samples of common bean tissues with anthracnose symptoms were collected in eight districts of Uganda, namely Kabarole, Sironko, Mbale, Oyam, Lira, Kapchorwa, Maracha and Kisoro. 51 isolates sporulated successfully on Potato Dextrose Agar and Mathur’s media and were used to inoculate 12 differential cultivars under controlled conditions. Five plants per cultivar were inoculated with each isolate and then evaluated for their reaction using the 1 – 9 severity scale. Races were classified using the binary nomenclature system proposed by Pastor Corrales (1991). Variation due to cultivar and isolate effects was significant (P≤0.001) for severity. The 51 isolates from eight districts grouped into 27 different races. Sironko district had the highest number of races followed by Mbale and Kabarole. Races 2047 and 4095 were the most frequently found, each with 10 isolates grouped under them. Race 4095 was the most virulent since it caused a susceptible (S) reaction on all 12 differential cultivars and the susceptible check. This was followed by races 2479, 2047 and 2045 respectively. Two races, 4094 and 2479, caused a susceptible reaction on the differential cultivar G2333, which nevertheless, showed the most broad spectrum resistance followed by cultivars Cornell 49-242, TU, and AB136 respectively. These cultivars are recommended for use in breeding programs aiming at breeding for broad spectrum resistance to bean anthracnose in Uganda.

scholarly journals Race structure of cowpea witchweed (Striga gesnerioides) in West Africa and its implications for Striga resistance breeding of cowpea

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik W. Ohlson ◽  
Michael P. Timko
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Striga Gesnerioides

AbstractCowpea witchweed [Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke] is a primary constraint of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] production in West Africa. Previously, seven S. gesnerioides races were classified based upon host specificity and genotypic profiling. Because race number and distribution are dynamic systems influenced by gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection, a thorough investigation of S. gesnerioides diversity and the effectiveness of known sources of resistance in cowpea is needed to develop varieties with durable and broad-spectrum Striga resistance. In this study, we screened seven cowpea lines against 58 unique S. gesnerioides populations collected from across nine West African countries. Individuals from 10 S. gesnerioides populations were genotyped with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We identified six races of S. gesnerioides based on their parasitism of the seven cowpea lines with known differential resistance genotypes. No cowpea line was resistant to all 58 Striga populations and none of the Striga populations were able to overcome the resistance of all seven lines. A novel race, SG6, of the parasite collected from Kudu, Nigeria, was found to overcome more cowpea resistance genes than any previously reported race. SSR analysis indicates that Striga populations are highly differentiated and genetic relatedness generally corresponds with geographic proximity rather than their host compatibility. Due to the dearth of broad-spectrum resistance found among Striga-resistant cowpea lines, there exists a need to stack multiple Striga resistance genes in order to confer broad-spectrum and durable resistance.

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