scholarly journals Positive psychological counseling: Theoretical bases and methodological foundations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-439
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Frolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Psychological Counseling ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Psychological Transformation ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Methodological Principles

The paper gives grounds for designing a new creative model of positive psychological counseling that focuses on developmental and preventive objectives rather than on correctional ones. These developmental and preventive objectives include actualization and transformation of personality resources, optimization of productivity and full personality potential, and tackling them helps overcome normative difficulties, achieve important life goals, implement inmost values and increase subjective well-being. Post-modern paradigm beliefs in complementarity of scientific psychological knowledge and constructivism in the process of its production, ideas of positive approach in psychotherapy, findings in the field of positive psychology, provisions of system and subject approaches to the understanding of personality development, theory of psychological relationships of personality, conceptual ideas of meaningful feelings, regulatory function of secondary images, aspiration of a person to seek and accomplish their purpose in life, types of life orientations were used as theoretical bases and methodological foundations for designing the model of positive psychological counseling. The author describes the goals, objectives and methodological principles of positive psychological counseling: psychological positivity (as a subject’s ability to select and create the best of the real opportunities throughout their self-actualization and realization of the meaning of life), psychological transformation and psychosynthesis, eco-sensitivity and self-transcendence, development and creativity, purposefulness and resourcefulness, personal and phenomenological uniqueness, psychotechnical variability and plasticity, positive interaction.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of a WeChat-based life review programme for patients with cancer: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e020239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Huimin Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Review ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionPatients with cancer often suffer from considerable distress. Life review is a process of recalling, evaluating and integrating life experiences to alleviate a sense of despair and achieve self-integrity. Empirical data have supported the fact that life review is an effective psychological intervention, but it is not always accessible to patients with cancer. There is little evidence of internet-based life review programmes tailored to patients with cancer. This study aims to develop a WeChat-based life review programme and evaluate its effectiveness on the psycho-spiritual well-being of patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods and analysisA single-centre randomised parallel group superiority design will be used. Patients with cancer will be randomised, to either a control group, or to an experimental group receiving a 6-week WeChat-based life review programme. The programme, which was mainly developed based on Erikson’s psycho-social development theory and Reed’s self-transcendence theory, provides synchronous and asynchronous communication modes for patients to review their life. The former is real-time communication, providing an e-life review interview guided by a facilitator online. The latter is not simultaneously dialogic and is used to interact with patients before and after a life review interview through Memory Prompts, Review Extraction, Mind Space and E-legacy products. The primary outcomes include anxiety, depression and self-transcendence, and the secondary outcomes are meaning in life and hope. These will be measured at baseline, and immediately, at 3 months, and at 6 months after the programme’s conclusion.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the Biological and Medical Research Ethics Committee of the corresponding author’s university (IRB Ref No: 2016/00020). The trial results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR-IOR-17011998.

scholarly journals Personality traits mediate the association between perceived parental bonding and well-being in adult volunteers from the community

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Murakoshi ◽  
Nobuyuki Mitsui ◽  
Jiro Masuya ◽  
Yota Fujimura ◽  
Shinji Higashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Reward Dependence ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Abstract Background Previous studies reported that subjective well-being in adulthood correlates with perceived parental bonding in childhood as well as personality traits. However, whether personality traits mediate the effect of perceived parental bonding on well-being or not has not been reported to date. In this study, we hypothesized that ‘parental care and overprotection’ in childhood affect ‘well-being’ in adulthood through various ‘personality traits’, and analyzed this using structural equation modeling. Methods A total of 402 adult volunteers from the community provided responses to the following questionnaires: 1) Parental Bonding Instrument, 2) Temperament and Character Inventory, and 3) The Subjective Well-being Inventory. Two structural equation models were designed and the maximum likelihood estimation method was used for covariance structure analysis. Results Parental care in childhood directly increased well-being in adulthood and indirectly increased it through personality traits (harm avoidance, reward dependence, and self-directedness). Parental overprotection in childhood had no direct effect on well-being in adulthood but decreased well-being in adulthood indirectly through personality traits (harm avoidance, reward dependence, and self-directedness) and increased it through one personality trait (self-transcendence). Conclusions This study showed that the influences of perceived parental bonding on well-being in adulthood are mediated by self-directedness, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and self-transcendence among the seven personality dimensions evaluated by the Temperament and Character Inventory.

scholarly journals Values that Underlie and Undermine Well–Being: Variability across Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia M. Sortheix ◽  
Shalom H. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Conservation Values ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Context Shapes ◽  
Self Protection

We examined relations of 10 personal values to life satisfaction (LS) and depressive affect (DEP) in representative samples from 32/25 countries ( N = 121 495). We tested hypotheses both for direct relations and cross–level moderation of relations by Cultural Egalitarianism. We based hypotheses on the growth versus self–protection orientation and person–focus versus social–focus motivations that underlie values. As predicted, openness to change values (growth/person) correlated positively with subjective well–being (SWB: higher LS, lower DEP) and conservation values (self–protection/social) correlated negatively with SWB. The combination of underlying motivations also explained more complex direct relations of self–transcendence and self–enhancement values with SWB. We combined an analysis of the environmental context in societies low versus high in Cultural Egalitarianism with the implications of pursuing person–focused versus social–focused values to predict how Cultural Egalitarianism moderates value–SWB relations. As predicted, under low versus high Cultural Egalitarianism, (i) openness to change values related more positively to SWB, (ii) conservation values more negatively, (iii) self–enhancement values less negatively and (iv) self–transcendence values less positively. Culture moderated value–SWB relations more weakly for DEP than for LS. Culture moderated value–LS relations more strongly than the socio–economic context did. This study demonstrates how the cultural context shapes individual–level associations between values and SWB. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Extending Blatt’s two-polarity model of personality development to dissociative identity disorder: a theory-building case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shana Cornelis ◽  
Mattias Desmet ◽  
Reitske Meganck ◽  
Van Nieuwenhove Kimberly ◽  
Jochem Willemsen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Development ◽  
Dissociative Identity Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Consensual Qualitative Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Interpersonal Relatedness ◽  
Subjective Meanings

In this theory-building case study, we investigate Blatt’s two-polarity model of personality development according to which psychopathology is a consequence of an unbalance between the two developmental lines of interpersonal relatedness and self-definition. Anaclitic psychopathology, such as schizophrenia, histrionic, dependent, and borderline personality disorders, is associated with an excessive and rigid emphasis on interpersonal relatedness. In this theory-building case study, we examine whether this model can be extended to dissociative identity disorder (DID). The patient is a 23-year old Caucasian man who suffers from periodic episodes of dissociation. Consensual qualitative research for case studies is used to quantitatively and qualitatively describe the interplay between symptomatic and interpersonal evolutions throughout 41 sessions of supportive-expressive psychoanalytic psychotherapy. In line with the two-polarity model of personality development, close associations between symptoms of dissociation and dependent interpersonal dynamics were observed. Psychoanalytic interventions focusing on elaboration of the subjective meanings of (past and anticipated) dissociations, and on working through core interpersonal conflicts, are followed by transformations in the patient’s interpersonal stances and subjective well-being. No new dissociative episodes were reported during the follow-up assessment three and a half years after the completion of treatment. This case study demonstrates that DID is a form of anaclitic psychopathology as it is associated with a predominant tendency to interpersonal relatedness.

scholarly journals To the Question of Psychological Resources in the Context of Professional Growth of Health Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
V. V. Semikin ◽  
◽  
A. I. Anisimov ◽  
K. М. Krupina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Key Resources ◽  
Further Development

Based on the theoretical analysis the authors have come to the conclusion that professional growth of health workers in strenuous conditions when performing work activities is related with the degree of psychological resources of health. Proactiveness and basic personal capabilities (self-transcendence and self-distancing) being primary components of selfdetermination and key resources of personality health characterize maturity of its agency. The way a subject actualizes personal psychological resources in stress inducing conditions at work has an impact not only on his or her health status, but also the degree of professional growth. The empirical evidence has shown that health workers who scored high on personality resources rank meaningfulness of their life, subjective well-being, and job satisfaction very high. Health works focused on professional growth demonstrated a higher rate of psychological health resources and willingness to incorporate them into their daily living activities. The assessment of the degree of these resources allows getting a complete idea of professional personality growth and prognosticate its further development.

Twenty-First-Century Magnanimity

2019 ◽  
pp. 266-291
Author(s):  
Kristján Kristjánsson
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
First Century ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
The Relationship

Aristotelianism is all the rage in contemporary virtue ethics. Yet given how anachronistic Aristotle’s account of the meta-virtue of megalopsychia seems to be, there is a tendency to pass over it in silence. This chapter argues against such a move and maintain that Aristotle’s ideal can help illuminate a number of contemporary debates. In moral psychology, megalopsychia helps mediate between realist and anti-realist conceptions of selfhood. In moral education, megalopsychia casts light on the levels of moral development to which we can aspire through the cultivation of character, as well as the necessary individualization of education in virtue. In moral philosophy, megalopsychia helps crystallize debates about role moralities and the demands of noblesse oblige; the relationship between objective and subjective well-being; and to what extent contemplation and self-transcendence enter into well-being. This chapter provides a whistle-stop tour of those topics and explains the lessons Aristotle’s account of megalopsychia can teach us about them.

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