scholarly journals Detection of Aneuploidies in Products of Conception and Neonatal Deaths in Iranian Patients Using the Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Khorami Sarvestani ◽  
Maryam Rafati ◽  
Haleh Soltanghoraee ◽  
Azadeh Hoseini ◽  
Azadeh Soltani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Trisomy 13 ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Products Of Conception ◽  
Chromosomal Aneuploidies ◽  
Dependent Probe

Background: Around 70% of all pregnancies (Including 15% of clinically-recognized ones) are lost due to various fetal or maternal disorders. Chromosomal aneuploidies are among the most common causes of pregnancy loss. Standard chromosome analysis using G-banding technique (Karyotype) is the technique of choice in studying such abnormalities; however, this technique is time-consuming and  sensitive, and limited by vulnerabilities such as cell culture failure. The use of molecular cytogenetic techniques, including array-based techniques and Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA), has been proposed to overcome the limitations of this method to study the products of conception. This study has been designed to investigate the feasibility of using MLPA technique as a standalone genetic testing, with histopathologic examinations and genetic counseling to detect aneuploidies in products of conception and neonatal deaths.   Methods: Forty-two verified fetal and neonatal samples were studies and genetic counseling was scheduled for all parents. Histopathologic examinations were carried out on the products of conception, and appropriate fetal tissues were separated for genetic studies. Following DNA extraction and purification, MLPA was carried out to investigate chromosomal aneuploidies.   Results: Nine samples (21.42%) were diagnosed to be affected with aneuploidy. Detected aneuploidies were trisomy 22 (n=3), trisomy 21(n=1), trisomy 18 (n=2), trisomy 16 (n=1), trisomy 13 (n=1), and monosomy of chromosome X (n=1). The MLPA analysis results were conclusive for all of the fetal samples (Success rate: 100%).   Conclusion: These results suggest that MLPA, as a standalone genetic testing, is an accurate, rapid, and reliable method in overcoming the limitations of standard cytogenetic techniques in genetic investigation of products of conception.

scholarly journals A framework for the evaluation of patients with congenital facial weakness

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryn D. Webb ◽  
Irini Manoli ◽  
Elizabeth C. Engle ◽  
Ethylin W. Jabs
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Facial Weakness ◽  
The Core ◽  
Follow Up Studies

AbstractThere is a broad differential for patients presenting with congenital facial weakness, and initial misdiagnosis unfortunately is common for this phenotypic presentation. Here we present a framework to guide evaluation of patients with congenital facial weakness disorders to enable accurate diagnosis. The core categories of causes of congenital facial weakness include: neurogenic, neuromuscular junction, myopathic, and other. This diagnostic algorithm is presented, and physical exam considerations, additional follow-up studies and/or consultations, and appropriate genetic testing are discussed in detail. This framework should enable clinical geneticists, neurologists, and other rare disease specialists to feel prepared when encountering this patient population and guide diagnosis, genetic counseling, and clinical care.

Identification and management of familial breast cancer in Austria

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian F. Singer ◽  
Yen Y. Tan ◽  
Christine Rappaport
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Familial Breast Cancer ◽  
Prophylactic Surgery ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Legal Implications

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to review the legal implications, the technology, the indications and the management of women with a familial background of breast and/or ovarian cancer.MethodsWe have reviewed the literature and national Austrian guidelines to describe the uptake of genetic counseling and the management options offered in Austria.ResultsGenetic testing for theConclusionWhile readily available country-wide counseling has led to an increase in counseling and testing, Austrian legislation mandates “non-directional counseling” resulting in a comparatively low uptake of prophylactic surgery.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Interventions Utilized in Genetic Counseling

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeyae Choi ◽  
Hyeoneui Kim
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Single Intervention

Background. Advances in genetic science and biotechnology accumulated huge knowledge of genes and various genetic tests and diagnostic tools for healthcare providers including nurses. Genetic counseling became important to assist patients making decisions about obtaining genetic testing or preventive measures. Method. This review was conducted to describe the counseling topics, various interventions adopted in genetic counseling, and their effectiveness. Experimental studies (N=39) published between 1999 and 2012 were synthesized. Results. The most frequently covered topic was benefits and limitations of genetic testing on breast cancer ovarian and colorectal cancers. Most of researchers focused on evaluating cognitive aspect and psychological well-being. Conclusion. No single intervention was consistently reported to be effective. Decision aids enhanced with information technologies have potential to improve the outcomes of genetic counseling by providing tailored information and facilitating active engagement of patients in information uptake. Clinical Implication. When nurses are familiar with topics and interventions of genetic counseling, they are well positioned to provide genetic/genomic information to the patient and families.

Uptake of genetic counseling and testing in a clinic based population of women with breast cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10524-10524
Author(s):  
Alexandra Wehbe ◽  
Mark A. Manning ◽  
Hadeel Assad ◽  
Kristen Purrington ◽  
Michael S. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
White Women ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility Genes ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Stage Iv Disease

10524 Background: Carriers of pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes have an elevated risk of developing breast, ovarian, and other cancers.We conducted a medical record review to determine the uptake of genetic counseling and testing in a clinic-based population of women with breast cancer. Methods: Medical records of 150 women with breast cancer seen at the Karmanos Cancer Institute between January-December 2018 were reviewed to determine the proportion eligible for genetic testing according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. We also assessed genetics referral rates, appointment completion and results of genetic testing. Using chi-square and ANOVA tests, we analyzed the association of demographic and clinical factors with eligibility and referral to genetic counseling. Results: The average age of diagnosis was 57.1 years old, with 68.7% of women diagnosed with stage I-III disease, and 31.3% diagnosed with stage IV disease. There were 91 (60.7%) women who met NCCN criteria for genetic testing, of which 46.2% ultimately underwent genetic testing. Eligible women were more likely to be younger (52.6 vs. 64.0 years old), White (75.0% vs. 54.5%), and have Medicaid (75.0%) or private insurance (72.9%) vs. Medicare (44.8%). Women who met NCCN criteria were 3.5 times more likely to be referred for genetic counseling than those that did not meet eligibility criteria. Women were also more likely to be referred if they had early-stage disease compared to stage IV (67.8% vs. 48.3%), and Medicaid or private insurance compared to Medicare (71.4%, 72.0% and 40.0%, respectively). Of eligible women, 59.3% had a genetic counseling appointment scheduled, and of those, 78.0% attended their appointment. There were no apparent differences in appointment completion based on race with similar percentages of Black and White women completing their appointments (74.0% and 77.0% respectively). Women with stage IV disease were more likely to complete their appointments (83.0%) compared to women with stages I-III (74.0%) and fewer women with Medicare completed their genetic counseling appointment (56.0%) compared to women with Medicaid (83.0%) and women with private insurance (83.0%). Among women who attended their appointment, 95.9% underwent genetic testing. Of women who had genetic testing, 8.5% had a pathogenic variant and 30.4% had a variant of unknown significance. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that lack of genetic counseling referrals contribute to a gap between the need for and completion of genetic testing. By understanding barriers to genetic counseling and testing, future clinical initiatives could effectively improve accessibility to genetic counseling services.

scholarly journals Chromosomal abnormalities in recurrent miscarriages by conventional karyotyping analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Bernadete Trovó de Marqui
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormality ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Virtual Library ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriages ◽  
Monosomy X ◽  
Products Of Conception

Abstract Objectives: to describe the prevalence and types of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with recurrent miscarriage and products of conception. Methods: electronic searches were performed in the PubMed/Medline database and in the Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde/BVS (Regional Website of the Virtual Library in Health/BVS) using the descriptors “chromosomal abnormalities and abortions and prevalence”. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criterias, 17 studies were selected. Results: 11 studies were conducted in couples with recurrent miscarriage and six in products of conception. The main results of the couples with recurrent miscarriage were: the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities which varied from 1.23% to 12% and there was a predominance alteration of the chromosomal structures (reciprocal translocations, followed by Robertsonian). In products of conception, the results observed were: the frequency of chromosomal abnormality was above 50% in approximately 70% of the studies; there was a predominance alteration of the numerical chromosomal (trisomy - chromosomes 16, 18, 21 and 22, followed by polyploidy and monosomy X). Conclusions: in summary, cytogenetic alterations represent an importante cause of pregnancy loss and its detection can help couples with genetic counseling. Therefore, the value of knowledge on the prevalence of cytogenetic abnormalities in miscarriage samples is unquestionable, once it is permitted a proper genetic counseling for the couple.

scholarly journals Confined placental mosaicism in short term culture

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-961
Author(s):  
Bojana Petrovic ◽  
Jelena Dukanac-Stamenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Chromosomal Mosaicism ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Additional Chromosome ◽  
Placental Mosaicism ◽  
Short Term Culture

Finding of fetal chromosomal mosaicism complicates genetic counseling, as well as pregnancy management. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of confined placental mosaicism in short term culture of chorionic villous samples. We conducted a retrospective review of karyotype analysis results obtained after chorionic villous sampling (CVS) in two years period. A 420 samples of chorionic villi were taken transabdominally and obtained by a semidirect method (overnight incubating culture). All fetuses with CVS mosaicism were under the intensive perinatal care. In all cases of chromosome mosaicism the additional karyotyping was performed from fetal blood samples after 22nd gestational week in order to exclude true fetal mosaicism. After delivery newborns were examined by experienced pediatrician. From 420 analyzed samples in 11 (2,6%) cases we found placental mosaicism. No anomalies were seen in genetic sonogram of this fetuses and mosaicism was confirmed only in one case. Confined placental mosaicism (CPM) was found in 2,1% (9/420) of all analyzed cases, and it made 90% of all placental mosaicism. In 60% (6/10) of placental mosaicism cases we found mosaicism with single aberrant cell. Trisomy 21 mosaicism was the most frequent aberration found in 30% of cases. Finding of mosaicism in chorionic villi sample is at special importance for genetic counseling, because every case has to be reveled individually regarding the type and level of mosaicism. Anyway, in every case of placental mosaicism intensive antenatal monitoring is necessary, with additional chromosome analysis from different tissue in consideration of previous findings.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude toward genetic diseases and genetic tests among pre-marriage individuals: A cross-sectional study in northern Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bagher Hashemi-Soteh ◽  
Ali Vali Nejad ◽  
Golamreza Ataei ◽  
Dariush Ghasemi ◽  
Rita Siamy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Genetic Tests ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hereditary Disorders ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Genetic testing has been widely introduced for many hereditary disorders. While the attitudes towards these facilities have been evaluated in many countries, there are only a few reports on the knowledge of and the orientation among Iranians. Objective: The current study assesses the attitudes and knowledge of pre-marriage individuals toward the availability and use of genetic tests. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive questionnaire was distributed among 408 marrying individuals. The questions addressed the demographic characteristics along the registration of participant’s knowledge, education, and attitude toward genetic testing. The individuals were divided into three groups based on their knowledge: 1) Scored above 80 to 100 were defined as “good” 2) 60 to 80 as “average” 3) less than 60 as “poor” knowledge. Result: Most participants (86%) believed consanguineous marriages increase the risk of genetic diseases; 82.3% knew that thalassemia is a type of genetic disease, only 33.3% could distinguish prenatal diagnosis (PND) from other laboratory tests. The relationship between the participants’ knowledge and their level of education was significant (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), age (r =–0.16, p < 0.01), and urbanity (p < 0.01). A prominent relationship was observed between the knowledge (r = 0.64, p < 0.001) or education (r = 0.62, p < 0.001) and people’s desire to use the genetic tests before the wedding ceremony. No significant correlations were found between the participant’s attitude and their ages/urbanity. Most of the individuals agreed to arrange a genetic counseling before marriage (0.94%). Conclusion: This study revealed that most individuals were interested in using genetic counseling services and genetic tests before marriage.

Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Zayhowski
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Chorionic Villus ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Chorionic Villus Sampling ◽  
Genetic Tests ◽  
Genetic Technologies ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Despite recent advances in genetic technologies that are making invasive prenatal diagnosis less common, amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) remain an integral part of prenatal care. A multitude of tests, including a variety of genetic tests, can be performed using samples collected from either procedure. Although invasive testing has limitations, many genetic conditions can only be diagnosed through invasive techniques during pregnancy. Invasive testing continues to assist patients and providers in making informed decisions regarding the care of pregnancies. This review details amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling with a focus on genetic testing, describing why the tests are performed, the way in which they are performed, and the associated limitations and complications of the procedures.  This review 5 figures, 3 tables, and 26 references. Keywords: prenatal diagnosis, amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, genetic testing, genetic counseling, invasive prenatal testing, pregnancy, aneuploidy

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