scholarly journals Evaluation of the gold nanoparticles prepared by ‎green ‎chemistry in ‎the ‎‏treatment of cutaneous candidiasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Ayad Kareem ◽  
Hayder Mahmood Samaka ◽  
Wasna’a Mohamed Abdulridha
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Cutaneous Candidiasis ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Background and Objectives: Mineral nanoparticle synthesis via green chemistry is ‎considered a novel ‏procedure ‎that ‎has been introduced into some ‏‎‎industries and medical fields. This ‎paper aimed to focus on ‏synthesized gold ‎nanoparticles ‎‎‎‎(‎AuNPs‎) prepared via green chemistry and ‎their usage in the ‏treatment of cutaneous ‎candidiasis.‎‎ Materials and Methods: This study was performed on the green synthesis of AuNPs using olive leaf extract as a reducing ‎agent‎. The ‎UV‎ visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy techniques ‎were used to detect ‏the concentration of the prepared AuNPs‎. ‎The agar gel diffusion method was used to test ‏the ‎antifungal activity of the ‎‎prepared AuNPs in vitro. ‏Antifungal efficacy of the AuNPs in vivo ‎was tested by the ‎induction of‎‎ cutaneous ‎candidiasis in mice‎. ‎This research was conducted on four groups of mice‎. Groups 1 and 2 were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the AuNPs suspension ‎and ‏Nystatin ointment in the treatment ‎of clinical infection, respectively. Groups 3 ‎and ‎4 were the infected ‎and the non-infected control groups, respectively.‎ Results: Based on the findings, the AuNP synthesis using olive leaves was ‎a suitable and ‎secure method. Moreover, it was found that the AuNP concentration of 40.77 ng‏\‏ml represented the minimum ‎inhibitory concentration for the ‎inhibition of the Candida albicans. The prepared AuNPs were more effective than Nystatin ‎in the ‏treatment ‎of cutaneous candidiasis.‎‎ Conclusion: Preparation of AuNPs via green chemistry using olive leaves as a reducing ‎agent is a ‏safe ‎and easy procedure that can be performed to produce AuNPs. In this study, the AuNPs ‎displayed antifungal ‏activity ‏both in vitro and in vivo.

Oleic Acid Vesicles as a new Approach for Transdermal Delivery of Econazole Nitrate: Development, Characterization, and In-vivo Evaluation in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Verma ◽  
Puneet Utreja
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Cutaneous Candidiasis ◽  
Econazole Nitrate

Background:: Cutaneous candidiasis is a deep-seated skin fungal infection that is most commonly observed in immunocompromised patients. This fungal infection is conventionally treated with various formulations like gels and creams which are having different side effects and least therapeutic efficacy. Hence, it becomes necessary to develop a novel carrier system for the treatment of this deep-seated skin fungal infection. Econazole nitrate is the most widely used antifungal for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis, therefore, in present research work we developed and evaluated econazole nitrate loaded oleic acid vesicles for treatment of cutaneous candidiasis through transdermal route. Methods:: Econazole nitrate loaded oleic acid vesicles were prepared by thin-film hydration and characterized for drug entrapment, vesicle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), Fourier Transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Furthermore, the oleic acid vesicular gel was evaluated for ex-vivo skin permeation/retention and in-vitro and in-vivo antifungal activity in Wistar rats. Results:: Econazole nitrate loaded oleic acid vesicles showed high encapsulation of drug (74.76 ± 3.0%), acceptable size (373.4 ± 2.9 nm), and colloidal characteristics (PDI = 0.231 ± 0.078, zeta potential = -13.27 ± 0.80 mV). The oleic acid vesicular gel showed high skin permeation (Transdermal flux = 61.98 ± 2.45 μg/cm2/h), skin retention (35.90 ± 2.06%), in-vitro, and in-vivo antifungal activity compared to marketed cream (EcodermR) of econazole nitrate for a prolonged period of time (4 days). Conclusion:: Developed econazole nitrate loaded oleic acid vesicles could be used effectively in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis with minimization of side effects of econazole nitrate with increased therapeutic efficacy.

New gold-198 nanoparticle synthesis to be used in cancer treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Daruich de Souza ◽  
Carla Daruich de Souza ◽  
Carlos Alberto Zeituni ◽  
Wilmmer Alexander Arcos Rosero ◽  
Beatriz Ribeiro Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chloroauric Acid ◽  
Repeated Heating

Gold nanoparticles (NPs) have been intriguing scientists for over 100 years. Recently, they have been studied for new applications such as cancer treatment. Although the synthesis of gold nanoparticles is extensively reported, in the majority of cases the methodology is confused and/or not clear. We describe a new synthesis methodology for radioactive gold‐198 NPs. Gold-198 was activated in IPEN IEA-01 nuclear reactor. After that, chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) was formed by dissolving the radioactive gold with aqua regia and performing repeated heating cycles. 0.1 mM HAuCl4 containing 100 μL of 1 M NaOH was prepared in a flask equipped with a reflux condenser. The solution was brought to boil and stirred with a PTFE‐coated magnetic stir‐bar. Then 5 mL of sodium citrate was rapidly added. The reaction turns from light yellow to clear, black, dark purple until the solution attained a wine‐red color (2–3 min). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirmed 8 nm particles. The presence of gold‐198 (197.968 g/mol; half‐life: 2.69517; decay mode: β‐; average energy: 1.3723 MeV) was confirmed by an ORTEC HPGe detector. DLS was performed after complete decay confirming the 8 nm diameter maintenance. We were able to achieve radioactive gold‐198 NPs and are performing further studies such as: coating reactions, in‐vitro and in‐vivo studies.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SYNTHETIC FLAVONOIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Prabhulingayya S Bhixavatimath ◽  
Yasmeen Maniyar ◽  
Akram Naikawadi ◽  
Vijayakumar D
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Oxidative Cyclization ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Introduction: In recent times, most of the currently available antimicrobial agents have developed resistance. Extensive pharmacological activities including bactericidal and bacteriostatic nature of flavonoids, made them as priority agents in this aspect of research study. Synthetic flavonoids such as hydroxy thiophen derivatives were considered to evaluate for antimicrobial activity in this study.   Objective: The present study involves the analysis for antimicrobial activity of thiophen substituted synthetic flavonoids. Methods: Claisen-Schmidt method of condensation fallowed by oxidative cyclization reactions from substituted hydroxyacetophenone with aromatic aldehydes were used to synthesize the various analogues of flavonoid compounds. Then these compounds after their FTIR, 1H NMR, MS spectral characterization and elemental analysis, were screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity by using disc diffusion method followed by determining their respective zone of inhibitions. Results: All the synthesized test flavonoid compounds exhibited the good antibacterial and antifungal  spectrum activity over B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeurugenosa bacteria and Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger fungal microbes. However compounds such as F1, F2 and F4 showed moderately significant antibacterial activity against P. aerugenosa organism than the other test compounds and the same F1 and F2 test compounds exhibited significant antifungal activity at100µg concentration. Conclusion:  The present study demonstrated that the novel thiophen substituted flavonoids (F1, F2, F3 and F4 ) found to have promising antimicrobial and antifungal activity which needs to be confirmed by in vivo studies.

Dosimetry and Radioenhancement Comparison of Gold Nanoparticles in Kilovoltage and Megavoltage Radiotherapy using MAGAT Polymer Gel Dosimeter

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2Apr) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Farahani ◽  
N Riyahi Alam ◽  
S Haghgoo ◽  
M Khoobi ◽  
Gh Geraily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
External Radiotherapy ◽  
Dose Enhancement ◽  
Internal Radiotherapy ◽  
Boost Radiotherapy

Background: Numerous unique characteristics of the nanosized gold, including high atomic number, low toxicity, and high biocompatibility make it one of the most appropriate nanostructures to boost radiotherapy efficacy. Many in-vivo and in-vitro investigations have indicated that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can significantly increase tumor injuries in low kilovoltage radiotherapy. While deep-lying tumors require much higher energy levels with greater penetration power, and investigations carried out in megavoltage energy range show contradictory results.Objective: In this study, we quantitatively assess and compare dose enhancement factors (DEFs) obtained through AuNPs under radiation of Cobalt-60 source (1.25MeV) versus Iridium-192 source (0.380 KeV) using MAGAT gel dosimeter.Material and Methods: MAGAT polymer gel in both pure and combined with 0.2 mM AuNPs was synthesized. In order to quantify the effect of energy on DEF, irradiation was carried out by Co-60 external radiotherapy and Ir-192 internal radiotherapy. Finally, readings of irradiated and non-irradiated gels were performed by MR imaging.Result: The radiation-induced R2 (1/T2) changes of the gel tubes doped with AuNPs compared to control samples, upon irradiation of beams released by Ir-192 source showed a significant dose enhancement (15.31% ±0.30) relative to the Co-60 external radiotherapy (5.85% ±0.14).Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests the feasibility of using AuNPs in radiation therapy (RT), especially in low-energy sources of brachytherapy. In addition, MAGAT polymer gel, as a powerful dosimeter, could be used for 3D visualization of radiation dose distribution of AuNPs in radiotherapy.

scholarly journals A Peptide Found in Human Serum, Derived from the C-Terminus of Albumin, Shows Antifungal Activity In Vitro and In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1627
Author(s):  
Tecla Ciociola ◽  
Pier Paolo Zanello ◽  
Tiziana D’Adda ◽  
Serena Galati ◽  
Stefania Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Different Sources

The growing problem of antimicrobial resistance highlights the need for alternative strategies to combat infections. From this perspective, there is a considerable interest in natural molecules obtained from different sources, which are shown to be active against microorganisms, either alone or in association with conventional drugs. In this paper, peptides with the same sequence of fragments, found in human serum, derived from physiological proteins, were evaluated for their antifungal activity. A 13-residue peptide, representing the 597–609 fragment within the albumin C-terminus, was proved to exert a fungicidal activity in vitro against pathogenic yeasts and a therapeutic effect in vivo in the experimental model of candidal infection in Galleria mellonella. Studies by confocal microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the peptide penetrates and accumulates in Candida albicans cells, causing gross morphological alterations in cellular structure. These findings add albumin to the group of proteins, which already includes hemoglobin and antibodies, that could give rise to cryptic antimicrobial fragments, and could suggest their role in anti-infective homeostasis. The study of bioactive fragments from serum proteins could open interesting perspectives for the development of new antimicrobial molecules derived by natural sources.

scholarly journals Radiosensitization of Prostate Cancers In Vitro and In Vivo to Erbium-filtered Orthovoltage X-rays Using Actively Targeted Gold Nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M. Khoo ◽  
Sang Hyun Cho ◽  
Francisco J. Reynoso ◽  
Maureen Aliru ◽  
Kathryn Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Prostate Cancers

Biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles: In-vitro and In-vivo study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 3041-3045
Author(s):  
Rua J. Kadhim ◽  
Esraa H. Karsh ◽  
Zainab J. Taqi ◽  
Majid S. Jabir
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vivo Study

scholarly journals Bacillus megaterium-Mediated Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Antifungal Activity against Rhizoctonia solani in Faba Bean Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Amr H. Hashem ◽  
Amer M. Abdelaziz ◽  
Ahmed A. Askar ◽  
Hossam M. Fouda ◽  
Ahmed M. A. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Rhizoctonia root-rot disease causes severe economic losses in a wide range of crops, including Vicia faba worldwide. Currently, biosynthesized nanoparticles have become super-growth promoters as well as antifungal agents. In this study, biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have been examined as growth promoters as well as antifungal agents against Rhizoctonia solani RCMB 031001 in vitro and in vivo. Se-NPs were synthesized biologically by Bacillus megaterium ATCC 55000 and characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. TEM and DLS images showed that Se-NPs are mono-dispersed spheres with a mean diameter of 41.2 nm. Se-NPs improved healthy Vicia faba cv. Giza 716 seed germination, morphological, metabolic indicators, and yield. Furthermore, Se-NPs exhibited influential antifungal activity against R. solani in vitro as well as in vivo. Results revealed that minimum inhibition and minimum fungicidal concentrations of Se-NPs were 0.0625 and 1 mM, respectively. Moreover, Se-NPs were able to decrease the pre-and post-emergence of R. solani damping-off and minimize the severity of root rot disease. The most effective treatment method is found when soaking and spraying were used with each other followed by spraying and then soaking individually. Likewise, Se-NPs improve morphological and metabolic indicators and yield significantly compared with infected control. In conclusion, biosynthesized Se-NPs by B. megaterium ATCC 55000 are a promising and effective agent against R. solani damping-off and root rot diseases in Vicia faba as well as plant growth inducer.

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