RHD Genotyping of Rh-Negative and Weak D Phenotype among Blood Donors in Southeast Iran

International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research ◽

10.18502/ijhoscr.v15i4.7476 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Younes Sadeghi-Bojd ◽

Naser Amirizadeh ◽

Arezoo Oodi

Keyword(s):

Blood Donors ◽

Gene Deletion ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Two Samples ◽

Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction ◽

D Antigen ◽

Negative Phenotype ◽

Sistan And Baluchestan

Background: The D antigen is a subset of Rh blood group antigens involved in the hemolytic disease of the newborn [HDFN] and hemolytic transfusion reaction [HTR]. The hybrid Rhesus box that was created after RH gene deletion, was known as a mechanism of the Rh-negative phenotype. Hybrid marker identification is used to confirm the deletion of the RHD gene and to determine zygosity. This study aims to detect this marker in Rh-negative and weak D phenotype blood donors of the southeast of Iran. Materials and Methods: The molecular analysis of the hybrid Rhesus box was performed on the 200 Rh-negative blood donors in Sistan and Baluchestan province, southeast Iran. The presence of alleles responsible for the D variants was assessed by DNA sequencing in 26 weak D phenotype donors. Results: Of the 200 Rh-negative blood samples, 198 samples were homozygous (99%), and two samples were heterozygous (1%). Heterozygous samples had RHD*01N.73 allele and the RHD*01N.18 allele. Of the 26 samples with weak D phenotype, 16 partial DLO (61%), 4 partial DBT1 (15.3%), 2 partial DV type 2 (7.7%), 1 weak D type 1, 1 weak D type 4.2.3, 1weak D type 105 and 1 RHD (S103P) (4%) were determined. Conclusion: Since RHD gene deletion is the main mechanism of the Rh-negativity in Sistan and Baluchestan provinces, a hybrid Rhesus box marker can be used in resolving RhD typing discrepancies by RHD genotyping methods.

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Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis have components that are immunochemically similar to precursors of human blood group antigens. Carbohydrate sequence specificity of the mouse monoclonal antibodies that recognize crossreacting antigens on LOS and human erythrocytes.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.168.1.107 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 168 (1) ◽

pp. 107-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 140

Author(s):

R E Mandrell ◽

J M Griffiss ◽

B A Macher

Keyword(s):

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Human Erythrocytes ◽

Human Infant ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Sequence Specificity ◽

Adult Humans ◽

Branched Chain

We have used mouse mAbs, 3F11 and 06B4, that are specific for highly conserved epitopes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharides (LOS) to identify immunochemically similar structures on human erythrocytes. mAb 3F11 agglutinated erythrocytes from all randomly selected adult humans, while mAb 06B4 agglutinated only 80% of the same specimens. The antibodies had an activity with erythrocytes similar to human cold agglutinins in that agglutination occurred at 4 degrees C and decreased with increasing incubation temperature. Human infant erythrocytes were agglutinated less well, but enzymatic treatment of either infant or adult cells resulted in an increase in expression of the 3F11- and 06B4-defined epitopes. Both antibodies bound to a series of neutral glycosphingolipids from human erythrocytes and neutrophils that have a type 2 (Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc) or N-acetyllactosamine structure. Neither antibody bound to glycosphingolipids from human meconium, which have a type 1 (Gal beta 1----3GlcNAc) structure. The antibodies were unable to bind to N-acetyl-lactosamine glycosphingolipids with a nonreducing terminal sialic acid or a Gala1----3Gal disaccharide. Antibody binding also was blocked by the presence of fucose linked to the penultimate glucosamine residue of N-acetyllactosamine glycosphingolipids. Although both antibodies bound to linear and branched-chain N-acetyllactosamine glycosphingolipids, 3F11 had a higher affinity for branched structures than did 06B4. The activity of 3F11 with human adult and infant treated and untreated erythrocytes with N-acetyllactosamine glycosphingolipids, and with LOS was very similar, if not identical, in specificity to 1B2, an mAb prepared from mice inoculated with a linear N-acetyllactosamine glycosphingolipid.

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Seroprevalence of HTLV-type-1 and type-2 among Blood Donors in Some Iraqi Provinces

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ◽

10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11874 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Blood Donors

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Simultaneous Expression of Type 1 and Type 2 Lewis Blood Group Antigens byHelicobacter pyloriLipopolysaccharides

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.273.19.11533 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 273 (19) ◽

pp. 11533-11543 ◽

Cited By ~ 122

Author(s):

Mario A. Monteiro ◽

Kenneth H. N. Chan ◽

David A. Rasko ◽

Diane E. Taylor ◽

P. Y. Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Lewis Blood Group ◽

Simultaneous Expression

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Metamorphic differentiation; a mechanism indicated by zoned kyanite crystals in some rocks from the Lukmanier region, Switzerland

Mineralogical Magazine ◽

10.1180/minmag.1985.049.350.07 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 49 (350) ◽

pp. 59-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. G. Bramwell

Keyword(s):

Crystal Size ◽

Rock Type ◽

Core Values ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

Homogeneous Distribution ◽

Growth Sequence ◽

Crenulation Cleavage ◽

Two Samples

AbstractTwo samples of garnet-kyanite-staurolite schist from Lukmanier, Switzerland, each contain two chemical varieties of kyanite which occur in texturally distinct areas of the rock. Type 1 form large idiomorphic crystals within an open crenulation cleavage S3. They exhibit a systematic zonation of F2O3, with core values of 0.8% decreasing to 0.3% at the crystal margin. Type 2 form small, much less abundant crystals in areas between S3 cleavage zones, and have a homogeneous distribution of 0.3% Fe2O3 throughout the crystal.It is suggested that the first-nucleated crystals contain the highest core concentration of Fe2O3 and are the largest. A positive correlation between core Fe2O3 values and crystal size is interpreted as a nucleation and growth sequence. This indicates that the first crystals formed preferentially in S3 (Type 1), with Type 2 crystals growing later outside the S3 zones.Concentration of kyanite in S3 zones produces a distinct mineral banding in the rock. A mechanism for the development of metamorphic differentiation by preferred nucleation of kyanite in S3 is proposed.

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Rhesus monkey gastric mucins: oligomeric structure, glycoforms and Helicobacter pylori binding1

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj20031557 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 379 (3) ◽

pp. 765-775 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Sara LINDÉN ◽

Thomas BORÉN ◽

André DUBOIS ◽

Ingemar CARLSTEDT

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Rhesus Monkey ◽

Blood Group ◽

T Antigen ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Human Beings ◽

Sialyl Lex ◽

H Pylori

Mucins isolated from the stomach of Rhesus monkey are oligomeric glycoproteins with a similar mass, density, glycoform profile and tissue localization as human MUC5AC and MUC6. Antibodies raised against the human mucins recognize those from monkey, which thus appear to be orthologous to those from human beings. Rhesus monkey muc5ac and muc6 are produced by the gastric-surface epithelium and glands respectively, and occur as three distinct glycoforms. The mucins are substituted with the histo blood-group antigens B, Lea (Lewis a), Leb, Lex, Ley, H-type-2, the Tn-antigen, the T-antigen, the sialyl-Lex and sialyl-Lea structures, and the expression of these determinants varies between individuals. At neutral pH, Helicobacter pylori strains expressing BabA (blood-group antigen-binding adhesin) bind Rhesus monkey gastric mucins via the Leb or H-type-1 structures, apparently on muc5ac, as well as on a smaller putative mucin, and binding is inhibited by Leb or H-type-1 conjugates. A SabA (sialic acid-binding adhesin)-positive H. pylori mutant binds to sialyl-Lex-positive mucins to a smaller extent compared with the BabA-positive strains. At acidic pH, the microbe binds to mucins substituted by sialylated structures such as sialyl-Lex and sialylated type-2 core, and this binding is inhibited by DNA and dextran sulphate. Thus mucin–H. pylori binding occurs via at least three different mechanisms: (1) BabA-dependent binding to Leb and related structures, (2) SabA-dependent binding to sialyl-Lex and (3) binding through a charge-mediated mechanism to sialylated structures at low pH values.

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Phenotyping of Rh, Kell, Duffy and Kidd blood group antigens among non-tribal and tribal population of South Gujarat and its implication in preventing alloimmunisations in multitransfused patients.

Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases ◽

10.4084/mjhid.2018.070 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. e2018070

Author(s):

Avani Shah ◽

Kanjaksha Ghosh ◽

Preeti Sharma ◽

Kanchan Mishra

Keyword(s):

Blood Donors ◽

Thalassemia Major ◽

Beta Thalassemia ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Tribal Population ◽

Population Total ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Antigen Frequency ◽

D Antigen ◽

K Antigen

Background:Sickle cell anaemia is common amongst Tribal population of south Gujrat. Alloimmunisation in multitransfused sickle cell anaemia patient is 10 times commoner in these patients than beta Thalassemia major patients from regular blood donor communities. Study design & methodology: Red cell antigen typing of Rh (D,C,E,c,e ), Kell (K, k), Duffy (Fya, Fyb) and Kidd (Jka, Jkb) were carried out in 222 regular voluntary blood donors who belonged to non-tribal population and in 113 samples of tribal population using conventional antisera. Results: Rh D antigen frequency was 96.6% in non-tribal and 96.5% in tribal population. 2.4% of K antigen was found in non-tribal population whereas the antigen was absent in tribal population .Amongst Rh antigens, e was the most common (100%) followed by D, C (91.0%, 85.8%), c (50.5%, 44.2%) and E (16.5%, 17.0%) with DCe/DCe (R1R1, 48.0%, 55.8%) being the most common phenotype in both the groups. In Kell antigens k antigen was 100% ,Kidd and Duffy antigens Jk (a+b-) (39.2%, 46.9%) and Fy (a+b-) (64.2%, 52.2%) were the most common phenotypes in non-tribal and tribal population respectively. Conclusion: There is significant difference in Duffy , Kidd and Kell (k) antigen distribution between non tribal and tribal population . Total absence of Kell antigen in tribalsalong with. E antigen in a significant portion of blood donors and its absence in large number of tribals also increase the risk of alloimmunisation.

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Three unrelated Rh D gene polymorphisms identified among blood donors with Rhesus CCee (r'r') phenotypes

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v84.1.321.321 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 321-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

CA Hyland ◽

LC Wolter ◽

A Saul

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Partial Deletion ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Human Red Blood Cells ◽

Gene Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

D Antigen ◽

Negative Phenotype

Abstract Human red blood cells are traditionally typed as Rhesus (Rh)-positive or -negative depending on the presence or absence of the Rh D antigen. A recent report demonstrated that the Rh D gene is completely absent in Rh D-negative individuals. In this study, Rh D-negative blood donors with ccee (n = 25) and CCee (n = 3) phenotypes were examined for the presence of absence of the D gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) probes that hybridize to the 5' and 3' regions of the Rh CcEe gene and the closely related D gene were used in a Southern analysis. The D gene was absent in all ccee phenotypes examined. The CCee phenotypes showed three Rh D polymorphisms: one donor lacked the D gene, one donor had a partial deletion on one D gene at the 3' region, and the remaining donor appeared to have one normal D gene within the intron/exon regions examined. We conclude that, while the D gene may be absent in the majority of Rh D-negative phenotypes, rarer polymorphisms also occur that prevent expression of the D antigen resulting in the Rh D-negative phenotype.

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Three unrelated Rh D gene polymorphisms identified among blood donors with Rhesus CCee (r'r') phenotypes

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v84.1.321.bloodjournal841321 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 321-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

CA Hyland ◽

LC Wolter ◽

A Saul

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Partial Deletion ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Human Red Blood Cells ◽

Gene Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

D Antigen ◽

Negative Phenotype

Human red blood cells are traditionally typed as Rhesus (Rh)-positive or -negative depending on the presence or absence of the Rh D antigen. A recent report demonstrated that the Rh D gene is completely absent in Rh D-negative individuals. In this study, Rh D-negative blood donors with ccee (n = 25) and CCee (n = 3) phenotypes were examined for the presence of absence of the D gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) probes that hybridize to the 5' and 3' regions of the Rh CcEe gene and the closely related D gene were used in a Southern analysis. The D gene was absent in all ccee phenotypes examined. The CCee phenotypes showed three Rh D polymorphisms: one donor lacked the D gene, one donor had a partial deletion on one D gene at the 3' region, and the remaining donor appeared to have one normal D gene within the intron/exon regions examined. We conclude that, while the D gene may be absent in the majority of Rh D-negative phenotypes, rarer polymorphisms also occur that prevent expression of the D antigen resulting in the Rh D-negative phenotype.

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Noroviruses Distinguish between Type 1 and Type 2 Histo-Blood Group Antigens for Binding

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00802-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 82 (21) ◽

pp. 10756-10767 ◽

Cited By ~ 130

Author(s):

Haruko Shirato ◽

Satoko Ogawa ◽

Hiromi Ito ◽

Takashi Sato ◽

Akihiko Kameyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Tissue Specificity ◽

Prototype Strain ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Norwalk Virus ◽

Global Epidemic

ABSTRACT Norovirus (NoV) is a causative agent of acute gastroenteritis. NoV binds to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), namely, ABH antigens and Lewis (Le) antigens, in which type 1 and type 2 carbohydrate core structures constitute antigenically distinct variants. Norwalk virus, the prototype strain of norovirus, binds to the gastroduodenal junction, and this binding is correlated with the presence of H type 1 antigen but not with that of H type 2 antigen (S. Marionneau, N. Ruvoen, B. Le Moullac-Vaidye, M. Clement, A. Cailleau-Thomas, G. Ruiz-Palacois, P. Huang, X. Jiang, and J. Le Pendu, Gastroenterology 122:1967-1977, 2002). It has been unknown whether NoV distinguishes between the type 1 and type 2 chains of A and B antigens. In this study, we synthesized A type 1, A type 2, B type 1, and B type 2 pentasaccharides in vitro and examined the function of the core structures in the binding between NoV virus-like particles (VLPs) and HBGAs. The attachment of five genogroup I (GI) VLPs from 5 genotypes and 11 GII VLPs from 8 genotypes, GI/1, GI/2, GI/3, GI/4, GI/8, GII/1, GII/3, GII/4, GII/5, GII/6, GII/7, GII/12, and GII/14, to ABH and Le HBGAs was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based binding assays and Biacore analyses. GI/1, GI/2, GI/3, GI/4, GI/8, and GII/4 VLPs were more efficiently bound to A type 2 than A type 1, and GI/8 and GII/4 VLPs were more efficiently bound to B type 2 than B type 1, indicating that NoV VLPs distinguish between type 1 and type 2 carbohydrates. The dissociation of GII/4 VLPs from B type 1 was slower than that from B type 2 in the Biacore experiments; moreover, the binding to B type 1 was stronger than that to B type 2 in the ELISA experiments. These results indicated that the type 1 carbohydrates bind more tightly to NoV VLPs than the type 2 carbohydrates. This property may afford NoV tissue specificity. GII/4 is known to be a global epidemic genotype and binds to more HBGAs than other genotypes. This characteristic may be linked with the worldwide transmission of GII/4 strains. GI/2, GI/3, GI/4, GI/8, GII/4, and GII/7 VLPs bound to Lea expressed by nonsecretors, suggesting that NoV can infect individuals regardless of secretor phenotype. Overall, our results indicated that HBGAs are important factors in determining tissue specificity and the risk of transmission.

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