Driving Behaviors in Iran: Comparison of Impulsivity, Attentional Bias, and Decision-Making Styles in Safe and High-Risk Drivers

Objective: Road traffic injuries are leading cause of death and economic losses, particularly in developing countries such as Iran. Thus, increased understanding of the causes of traffic accidents can help solve this problem. The primary goal of this study was to examine attentional bias, decision-making styles, and impulsiveness in drivers with safe or risky driving behaviors. The secondary purpose was to determine the variance of each variable among 2 groups of drivers. Method: This was a cross sectional design study, in which 120 male drivers aged 20-30 years (60 males with risky driving behaviors and 60 with safe driving behaviors) were recruited from Tehran using sampling technique. Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Decision-Making Style Scale (DMSQ), Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire (MDBQ), Self-Assessment Manikin Scale (SAM), and Dot Probe Task were used. The analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 22. Results: The mean age of participants was 26 years. Significant differences were found between impulsiveness (attentional, motor, and non planning impulsiveness) and decision-making styles (spontaneous and avoidant) between the 2 groups. Also, based on the results of discriminant function analysis (DFS), the subscales of impulsiveness and 2 decision-making styles explained 25% of the variance in the 2 groups of risky and safe drivers. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicated that impulsiveness and 2 decision-making styles were predominant factors. Therefore, not only is there a need for research to reduce traffic accidents, but studies can also be helpful in issuing driving licenses to individuals.

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The Role of Impulsivity, Attentional bias and Decision-Making Styles in Risky Driving Behaviors

international journal high risk behaviors & addiction ◽

10.5812/ijhrba.98001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Barati ◽

Abbas Pourshahbaz ◽

Masoud Nosratabadi ◽

Zahra Mohammadi

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Attentional Bias ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Driving Behavior ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Road Accidents ◽

Risky Driving ◽

Driving Behaviors ◽

Decision Making Styles ◽

Risky Driving Behaviors

Background: Road accidents are a major cause of deaths, injuries, and financial losses globally, especially in developing countries. Iran is one of the countries with a high rate of road accidents causing considerable damage in different domains. Therefore, in order to tackle this problem, we need to examine its causes. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the association of risky driving behavior with impulsiveness, attentional bias, and decision-making styles. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study. The sample included 117 male drivers, aged 20 - 34 years, attending car insurance agencies in Tehran. The participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. The data were gathered using the Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), the Decision-Making Style Scale (DMS), and the Dot Probe Task to assess attentional bias. All data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis, by using SPSS, version 22. Results: According to the results of the Pearson correlation coefficient, risky driving behavior was significantly correlated with impulsiveness subscales (P < 0.01) and attentional bias (P < 0.05). In addition, significant relationships were observed between risky driving behaviors and three decision-making styles, including rational (P < 0.05), spontaneous (P < 0.01), and avoidant (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Based on the study results, impulsivity, decision-making styles, and attentional bias as factors influencing drivers’ cognitive skills related to driving, could explain the increase in the frequency of risky driving behavior.

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Identifying and Labeling Potentially Risky Driving: A Multistage Process Using Real-World Driving Data

Journal of Advanced Transportation ◽

10.1155/2021/8819094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Charles Marks ◽

Arash Jahangiri ◽

Sahar Ghanipoor Machiani

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Network Models ◽

Multistage Process ◽

Neural Network Models ◽

Risky Driving ◽

Vehicle Accidents ◽

Driving Behaviors ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Risky Driving Behaviors

Every year, over 50 million people are injured and 1.35 million die in traffic accidents. Risky driving behaviors are responsible for over half of all fatal vehicle accidents. Identifying risky driving behaviors within real-world driving (RWD) datasets is a promising avenue to reduce the mortality burden associated with these unsafe behaviors, but numerous technical hurdles must be overcome to do so. Herein, we describe the implementation of a multistage process for classifying unlabeled RWD data as potentially risky or not. In the first stage, data are reformatted and reduced in preparation for classification. In the second stage, subsets of the reformatted data are labeled as potentially risky (or not) using the Iterative-DBSCAN method. In the third stage, the labeled subsets are then used to fit random forest (RF) classification models—RF models were chosen after they were found to be performing better than logistic regression and artificial neural network models. In the final stage, the RF models are used predictively to label the remaining RWD data as potentially risky (or not). The implementation of each stage is described and analyzed for the classification of RWD data from vehicles on public roads in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Overall, we identified 22.7 million observations of potentially risky driving out of 268.2 million observations. This study provides a novel approach for identifying potentially risky driving behaviors within RWD datasets. As such, this study represents an important step in the implementation of protocols designed to address and prevent the harms associated with risky driving.

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Understanding Traffic Accidents among Young Drivers in Qatar

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19010514 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 514

Author(s):

Faris Tarlochan ◽

Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim ◽

Batool Gaben

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Corrective Feedback ◽

Risky Behaviors ◽

Driving Behavior ◽

Self Report ◽

Measurement Scales ◽

Risky Driving ◽

Driving Behaviors ◽

Young Drivers ◽

Risky Driving Behaviors

Young drivers are generally associated with risky driving behaviors that can lead to crash involvement. Many self-report measurement scales are used to assess such risky behaviors. This study is aimed to understand the risky driving behaviors of young adults in Qatar and how such behaviors are associated with crash involvement. This was achieved through the usage of validated self-report measurement scales adopted for the Arabic context. A nationwide cross-sectional and exploratory study was conducted in Qatar from January to April 2021. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the survey was conducted online. Therefore, respondents were selected conveniently. Hence, the study adopted a non-probability sampling method in which convenience and snowball sampling were used. A total of 253 completed questionnaires were received, of which 57.3% were female, and 42.7% were male. Approximately 55.8% of these young drivers were involved in traffic accidents after obtaining their driving license. On average, most young drivers do have some risky driving behavior accompanied by a low tendency to violate traffic laws, and their driving style is not significantly controlled by their personality on the road. The older young drivers are more involved in traffic accidents than the younger drivers, i.e., around 1.5 times more likely. Moreover, a young male driver is 3.2 times less likely to be involved in traffic accidents than a female driver. In addition, males are only 0.309 times as likely as females to be involved in an accident and have approximately a 70% lower likelihood of having an accident versus females. The analysis is complemented with the association between young drivers’ demographic background and psychosocial-behavioral parameters (linking risky driving behavior, personality, and obligation effects on crash involvement). Some interventions are required to improve driving behavior, such as driving apps that are able to monitor and provide corrective feedback.

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Type A Behavior Pattern, Risky Driving Behaviors, and Serious Road Traffic Accidents: A Prospective Study of the GAZEL Cohort

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwi110 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 161 (9) ◽

pp. 864-870 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Hermann Nabi ◽

Silla M. Consoli ◽

Jean-François Chastang ◽

Mireille Chiron ◽

Sylviane Lafont ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Behavior Pattern ◽

Type A Behavior ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Risky Driving ◽

Type A Behavior Pattern ◽

Driving Behaviors ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Risky Driving Behaviors

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Association of Environmental Risk Factors and Personality Traits With Risky Driving Behaviors in a Sample of Young Adults From Saudi Arabia

International Quarterly of Community Health Education ◽

10.1177/0272684x211004953 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0272684X2110049

Author(s):

Kevin M. Beaver ◽

Mohammed Said Al-Ghamdi ◽

Ahmed Nezar Kobeisy

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Self Control ◽

Risky Driving ◽

Male And Female ◽

Driving Behaviors ◽

Saudi Arabians ◽

Risky Driving Behaviors

Road traffic accidents represent a serious problem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), with rates of such accidents far exceeding the rates in developed nations. Even so, there remains relatively little knowledge regarding the driving behaviors among Saudi Arabians. The current study sought to address this gap in the literature by examining the environmental and trait-based contributors to risky driving behaviors among male and female drivers in the KSA. To do so, a sample of college students from a large university in the KSA was analyzed. The results revealed that delinquent peers, low levels of self-control, and higher levels of driving anger were associated with involvement in risky driving behaviors for both male and female drivers. Understanding the interconnections among peers, self-control, anger, and risky driving behaviors may provide some insight into how to reduce risky driving behaviors. Focusing on ways to reduce exposure to risk factors for risky driving behaviors may be one strategy for reducing these types of driving behaviors.

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Using Real-Time and Post Hoc Feedback to Improve Driving Safety for Novice Drivers

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1541931213601441 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 1936-1940 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sheila G. Klauer ◽

Tina B. Sayer ◽

Peter Baynes ◽

Gayatri Ankem

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Driving Behavior ◽

Driving Safety ◽

Risky Driving ◽

Novice Drivers ◽

Safe Driving ◽

Driving Behaviors ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Risky Driving Behaviors

Introduction. Motor vehicle crashes remain the leading cause of fatalities among teens in the U.S. (National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 2013). Prior research suggests that real-time and post hoc feedback can improve teen driver behavior. The Driver Coach Study (DCS) aimed to improve teens’ safe driving habits by providing them real-time feedback and post hoc feedback to a broader range of risky driving behaviors that have never been used in previous studies. Exposure data were also collected so that rates of risky driving behaviors over time could be assessed. Post hoc feedback, which included an electronic report card of risky driving behavior as well as video clips, was provided to both teens and parents via email and secure website link. Method. Ninety-two teen/parent dyads were recruited in southwest Virginia to have a data acquisition system (DAS) installed in their vehicles within two weeks of receiving their learner’s permit. Data were collected through the nine-month (minimum) learner’s permit phase plus seven months of provisional licensure. Feedback was only provided for the first six months of post licensure, then turned off to assess whether teenagers returned to unsafe driving behavior. Trained data coders reviewed 15 seconds of video surrounding each risky driving maneuver, and recorded driver errors such as poor vehicle control, poor speed selection, drowsiness, etc., for each event. Results. In this paper, the relationship between driver coaching and driver errors will be examined across the six-month feedback phase and also compared to the seventh month when feedback was turned off. Conclusions. This study has implications for the design of future monitoring and feedback systems, as it is currently unknown whether these devices can improve novice drivers’ crash rates.

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Perceived Self-Efficacy and Risky Driving Behaviors

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000027 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 233-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nolwenn Morisset ◽

Florence Terrade ◽

Alain Somat

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Risky Driving ◽

Driving Behaviors ◽

Conduite Automobile ◽

Risky Driving Behaviors

Les recherches dans le domaine de la santé, et notamment en matière de conduite automobile, attestent que le jugement subjectif du risque (comparatif et absolu) et l’auto-efficacité perçue sont impliqués dans les comportements à risque. Cette étude avait pour objectif d’étudier l’influence de l’auto-efficacité perçue sur le jugement subjectif du risque, évalué au moyen d’une mesure indirecte, et de tester le rôle médiateur de ce facteur entre l’auto-efficacité perçue et les comportements auto-déclarés. Les participants, 90 hommes, lisaient deux scénarii décrivant les deux comportements les plus impliqués dans l’accidentologie: la vitesse et l’alcool au volant. Les résultats ne montrent pas de lien significatif entre l’auto-efficacité perçue et le score de jugement comparatif mais une relation significative avec les deux évaluations absolues du risque (autrui et soi). De plus, le jugement absolu du risque pour soi médiatise partiellement la relation entre auto-efficacité perçue et comportements auto-déclarés relatifs aux deux risques routiers étudiés.

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