scholarly journals Sodium Status and Its Association with Overweight and Obesity in Adults Living in Yazd, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Dashti- Rahmat Abadi ◽  
Hassan Mozaffari- Khosravi ◽  
Mahdieh Nemayandeh ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Soltani ◽  
Masoud Mirzaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Studies on the relationship of urinary sodium with overweight and obesity led to controversial results. Furthermore, no study has ever investigated the association between sodium status and obesity in Iranian adults. The present study examined the association of urinary sodium levels with overweight and obesity in adults living in Yazd, Iran. Methods: The present study recruited 240 adults randomly selected from adults, who participated in Yazd Health Study (YaHS). A 24-hour urine sample was collected from the participants. Participants' demographic information, history of chronic diseases, and smoking status were obtained. The height and weight of the participants were also assessed using standard methods. We compared the weight and body mass index (BMI) of the participants based on the urinary sodium excretion tertiles. The logistic regression model in crude and multivariable adjusted models was used to compare the odds of obesity between urinary sodium tertiles. Results: The findings showed that the mean urinary sodium was not significantly different among overweight, obese, and individuals with normal BMI (P > 0.05) using the crude and multivariable models. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the mean BMI according to urinary sodium excretion tertiles. In addition, the analyses showed that the sodium status was not significantly associated with odds of developing obesity in crude and in multivariable adjusted models. Conclusion: No significant relationship was seen between sodium status and overweight or obesity. Future prospective studies are highly recommended to confirm these results.

Abstract P403: Seasonal Variation in the Daily Urinary Sodium Excretion in Outpatients From the Northern Japan

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Northern Japan

Although the daily urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) is considered to provide the most reliable estimate of the daily sodium intake, it may be affected by salt loss due to sweating in summer. However, theseasonal variation in the daily UNaV associated with a normal lifestyle is unknown. This study was performed in 348 outpatients from the Morioka region during three seasons: summer(summer 1), winter, and the following summer (summer 2). The daily UNaV (g salt/day) was estimated by the second morning urine method three times during each season. Seasonal variation was defined as a significant trend across the three seasons together with a significant difference between winter and both summers. In women, the daily UNaV was higher in winter (11.8±3.0 g salt/day) than in summer 1 (11.2±2.9g salt/day) or summer 2 (11.0±2.9 g salt/day). In contrast, there was no marked seasonal variation in men. An analysis stratified by age (4 quartiles) identified seasonal variation in the older 2 quartiles of women (aged ≧68 years). In these women, the mean seasonal difference in the daily UNaV was 0.9 g of salt/day for both winter vs. summer 1 and winter vs. summer 2, while it was 0.1-0.8 g of salt/day in the other groups. Seasonal variation in the daily UNaV only occurred in older female patients and was relatively small. This is evidence for restricting salt intake throughout the year and should reassure patients who are anxious about salt loss due to sweating in summer.

PS 18-22 Relationship of nocturnal BP and dipping according to 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and nocturnal heart rate

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. e504
Author(s):  
Bae Keun Kim ◽  
Jinho Shin ◽  
Yonggu Lee ◽  
Sung Il Choi ◽  
Soon Gil Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Validation of 4 Estimating Methods to Evaluate 24-hour Urinary Sodium Excretion for Young Adults in China by Different Seasons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyi Gong ◽  
Zechen Zhang ◽  
Jufeng Liang ◽  
Jiguo Zhang ◽  
Yuxia Ma
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: 24-hour urine sample collection is regarded as the gold standard for sodium intake evaluation, but the implementation can be difficult. To validate and evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of estimating sodium intake by four methods of Kawasaki, INTERSALT, Tanaka and Sun’s equations. Methods: 274 healthy volunteers aged 18-25y were enrolled in this study. 24-hour urine samples as well as timed (morning, afternoon, evening and overnight) urine samples were randomly collected. The sodium intake were estimated by 4 published equations—Kawasaki, INTERSALT Tanaka and Sun’s. The consistencies between estimated sodium intake and real measured values of 24-hour urine sodium excretion were compared by Bland-Altman plots in each of the methods. Taking the variability of sodium excretion in different seasons into account, this study was conducted separately in summer (end of June 2017) and fall (end of November 2017). Results: The 24-h urinary sodium analysis result indicated an average daily sodium intake of 3043.0±1223.3mg in summer, and 3563.7±1370.0mg in the fall. Compared with autumn, the average daily reduction in sodium was about 520.7 mg. From the group level, the mean bias (estimated value - measured value) of the INTERSALT method with morning specimens (-39.7 mg ) was the smallest in summer. The mean bias of Tanaka method for prediction of morning specimens (-149.8 mg ) was the smallest in autumn. For the individual level, the correlation between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and Sun’s methods was low, with a correlation coefficient of 0.406 in summer and 0.476 in the fall. Correlation coefficients between Kawasaki, INTERSALT, Tanaka methods and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, respectively was in the range of 0.48-0.64. The correlation coefficient of Kawasaki method was the highest in summer (0.612) while that of Tanaka method with the afternoon specimens was the highest in the autumn (0.635). Conclusions: Estimation of sodium intakes among young adults using the 4 methods have varying degrees of bias and volatility in different times and seasons.

Atrial natriuretic peptide: Physiological release associated with natriuresis during water immersion in man

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Anderson ◽  
N. D. Millar ◽  
J. P. O'Hare ◽  
J. C. MacKenzie ◽  
R. J. M. Corrall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Natriuretic Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

1. Thermoneutral water immersion produces a physiological increase of thoracic blood volume, raises central venous pressure and increases urinary sodium excretion by a hitherto ill-understood mechanism. We have investigated whether this enhanced sodium excretion could be mediated by the recently discovered natriuretic factor, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). 2. During water immersion there was a highly significant (P < 0.001) twofold increase of the mean plasma ANP concentration and a doubling of the mean urinary sodium excretion. Both were unchanged during the control experiments. 3. These results are consistent with the hypotheses (a) that ANP is released into plasma in response to central blood volume expansion and (b) that it functions as a natriuretic hormone in normal man under physiological conditions.

Assessment of Sodium Intake by a Short Dietary Questionnaire

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pietinen ◽  
A. Tanskanen ◽  
J. Tuomilehto
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Salty Food ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the study was to develop a short questionnaire for classifying persons according to their use of salt in public health work. After pretesting the questionnaire it was modified to measure the saltiness of diet. It consisted of five questions concerning certain salting habits and self-rating of salt use, and the frequency of use of seven salty food items. The questionnaire was completed by 1471 persons aged 14 to 65 who also collected one 24-hour urine sample. A sum index of all the questions was formed and called the Salt Index (SI). The correlation between the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and SI was 0.18 in men and 0.20 in women (both significant at p<0.001). Men and women were classified into three groups according to their SI: low representing the lowest quintile, high representing the highest and medium containing all the other quintiles. The mean 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was lowest in the low SI-category and highest in the high SI-category in both men and women. The subjects were further divided into light and heavy workers on the basis of their occupation. In this analysis the effect of both energy intake and the saltiness of the diet indicated by SI were clearly distinguished. Women doing light work and having a low SI had the lowest sodium excretion value, 148 mmol/day, and men doing heavy work and having a high SI had the highest, 260 mmol/day.

scholarly journals Relationship of Cord Blood Immunoglobulin E and Maternal Immunoglobulin E with Birth Order and Maternal History of Allergy in Albanian Mother/Neonate Pairs

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-756
Author(s):  
Hatixhe Latifi-Pupovci ◽  
Violeta Lokaj-Berisha ◽  
Besa Lumezi
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND: Previous studies reported that familial factors such as birth order and mothers atopy might influence cord blood levels and development of allergies.AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship of cord blood IgE and maternal IgE with birth order and mothers history of allergy in Albanian mother/neonate pairs.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study population represented 291 mother-infant pairs. Mothers were interviewed with a questionnaire for personal history of allergy and pregnancy history whereas serum IgE levels were determined using sandwich IRMA assay.RESULTS: The mean level of cIgE in neonates with detectable levels was 1.59 (n = 78). No significant difference in means of cIgE was found between first born and later born neonates (p = 0.232) and between neonates of mothers with a negative and positive history of allergy (p = 0.125). Also, no significant difference was found between means of mIgE by birth order, whereas there was a significant difference of mIgE between mothers with and without a history of allergy (p = 0.01). In a group of neonates with detectable cIgE levels, maternal IgE levels were moderately correlated with cIgE levels.CONCLUSION: Cord blood IgE is not affected by birth order and mothers history of allergy, whereas mothers IgE are affected by the history of allergy but not by birth order.

scholarly journals Association between Salt Intake and Albuminuria in Normotensive and Hypertensive Individuals

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arsalan Khaledifar ◽  
Mojagn Gharipour ◽  
Ahmad Bahonar ◽  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan ◽  
Alireza Khosravi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Urine Albumin ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
The Mean

Background. There is a little published data regarding the association between salt intake and albuminuria as an important alarm for progression of cardiovascular and renal dysfunction. We aimed to assess this relationship to emphasize the major role of restricting salt intake to minimize albuminuria and prevent these life-threatening events.Methods. The study population comprised 820 individuals. Participants were assigned to groups as follows: normal albuminuria, slight albuminuria, and clinical albuminuria. Daily salt intake was assessed on the basis of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, since urinary sodium excretion largely equals sodium intake.Results. In normotensive participants, the mean level of urine albumin was higher in those who had higher amounts of salt intake with a significantly upward trend (the mean urinary albumin level in low-salt-diet group, in medium-salt-intake group, and in high-salt-intake group was42.70±36.42,46.89±38.91, and53.38±48.23, resp., (P=0.017)). There was a significant positive correlation between 24-hour urinary sodium secretion and the level of urine albumin (beta = 0.130,P<0.001). The amount of salt intake was significantly associated with urine albumin concentration (beta = 3.969, SE = 1.671,P=0.018).Conclusion. High salt intake was shown to be associated with higher level of microalbuminuria even adjusted for potential underlying risk factors.

A Method for Estimating 24-hour Urinary Sodium Excretion by Casual Urine Specimen in Chinese Hypertensive Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Sun ◽  
Hongyi Wang ◽  
Hao Liang ◽  
Yifang Yuan ◽  
Chang Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
D 12

Abstract Background High salt intake is a known risk factor of hypertension, which in turn increases the risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a method for predicting 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (UNa24h) using casual urine specimens in Chinese hypertensive patients. Methods A total of 966 patients with hypertension were included from eight provinces across China. A UNa24h prediction model (Sun_C method) was developed for males and females using linear regression based on age, weight, sodium concentration in the spot urine (UNaspot) and creatinine concentration in the spot urine (UCrspot). The data was split into the training (70%) and testing (30%) sets to respectively develop and evaluate the Sun_C method. Results Compared to the Kawasaki, INTERSALT and Tanaka methods, Sun_C method achieved a low and consistent mean bias (1.1 mmol/d) within the range from 106 mmol/d to 212 mmol/d of UNa24h (equivalent to NaCl intake of 6 g/d - 12 g/d). In addition, the Sun_C method showed no significant difference between the measured and estimated UNa24h in a paired t-test (P = 0.689). At individual level, Sun_C method had 79.8% of individuals at the cutoff under ± 30% level. Conclusion Sun_C method may prove a reasonable method to estimate the daily dietary sodium intakes (particularly in the range of 6 g/d - 12 g/d of NaCl) in Chinese hypertensive patients using spot urine measurements. As the amount of data increases in the future, the performance of our formulae will be further improved.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document