Evaluation of Coronary Artery Calcification and Gremlin-1 Serum Level Correlation in Patients with Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease

Background: Available evidences have shown that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), particularly BMP 2 and BMP 4, are involved in vascular calcification. Gremlin 1 is one of the important endogenous inhibitors of BMPs. This extracellular antagonist of bone morphogenic proteins has a very complex and cysteine-rich chain and establishes non-colonial transmissions to the members of the family with varying degrees of dependence and prevents them from binding to the receptor, thereby inhibit their function. The main objective of this study was clinical evaluation of the correlation between Gremlin-1 serum concentration and Coronary Artery Calcification. Methods: Eighty-four patients with coronary artery disease from cardiology ward of Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, who completed the inclusion criteria, entered in the study between November 2015 and March 2016. CT-Angiography was performed to define coronary artery calcium score and Gremlin-1 serum concentrations were measured by an ELISA kit. Results: Eighty-one patients, with mean age of 57.19±10.18 years were included to the study. The mean serum level of Gremlin-1 was 10.92±8.46 pg/mL. There was a reverse significant correlation between Gremlin-1 serum concentration and Coronary Artery Calcification of Right coronary artery(RCA) (P<0.05), in contrast to total Coronary Artery Calcification score, left artery Descending (LAD), Left Main (LM) and Circumflex (CX). However, there was no evidence that age and sex risk factor, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, positive family history, current smoking and high BMI to be associated with serum level of Gremlin-1. Conclusion: Based on the results, Gremlin-1 serum concentration may be a suitable biomarker for predication coronary artery calcification severity. However, more researches on larger population are necessary for its validation.

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Correlation between Osteoprotegerin Serum Level and Coronary Calcification Using Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Patient with Moderate–Severe Cardiovascular Risk Factor

International Journal of Angiology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1607050 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (04) ◽

pp. 234-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Widorini Widorini ◽

J. Nugroho

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Serum Level ◽

Coronary Artery Calcium ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Calcium Score ◽

Coronary Calcification ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

AbstractCoronary artery calcification is a part of atherosclerosis process associated with coronary heart disease. Recently, coronary artery calcification assessment using computed tomography (CT) is still the best noninvasive imaging with high sensitivity and specificity. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is one of vascular calcification marker that through its role to bind receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand and inhibit osteoclastogenesis is suspected of playing a role for coronary calcification in atherosclerosis process. The objective of this study was to prove a positive correlation between OPG serum level and coronary calcification using coronary artery calcium (CAC) score in patient with moderate–severe cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. This is a cross-sectional study with purposive sampling technique. Thirty-three subjects participate in this research and each subject underwent a multislice computed tomography (MSCT) examination to assess coronary calcification and their blood samples were collected for OPG measurement. This study is analyzed with Spearman's correlation test. The mean of OPG serum level in this study was 5.89 ± 2.1 pmol/L for moderate-risk Framingham risk score (FRS) and the mean of OPG serum level for high-risk FRS was 7.27 ± 3.4. There was a positive, moderate, and significant correlation between OPG serum level and coronary calcification using CAC score in patient with moderate–severe CV risk factor (r = 0.694; p < 0.001).

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Evaluation of RANKL/OPG Serum Concentration Ratio as a New Biomarker for Coronary Artery Calcification: A Pilot Study

Thrombosis ◽

10.1155/2012/306263 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour ◽

Jamal Shamsara ◽

Saeed Nazemi ◽

Samira Ghadirzadeh ◽

Shabnam Shahsavand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Serum Concentration ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Concentration Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Receptor Activator ◽

Artery Disease

Objective. There is a strong need for biomarkers to identify patients at risk for future cardiovascular events related with progressive atherosclerotic disease. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) protects the skeleton from excessive bone resorption by binding to receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and preventing it from binding to its receptor, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB. However, conflicting results have been obtained about association of serum level of OPG or RANKL with coronary artery disease (CAD). Based on their role in inflammation and matrix degradation and the fact that atherosclerotic plaque formation is an inflammatory process, we hypothesized that RANKL : OPG ratio could be a better biomarker for CAD. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, the correlation between RANKL : OPG ratio serum concentration and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in 50 patients with ischemic coronary disease has been investigated. We used ELISA method for measuring RANKL and OPG serum concentrations. Results. There was a significant correlation between RANKL : OPG serum concentration ratio and CAC in our study population (P=0.01). Conclusion. Our results suggested that RANKL : OPG ratio concentration has a potential of being used as a marker for coronary artery disease.

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Evaluation of the Correlation between the rs4918 Polymorphism of AHSG Gene and Coronary Artery Calcification in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Cardiogenetics ◽

10.3390/cardiogenetics10020007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 33-41

Author(s):

Zeynab Ahmadihosseini ◽

Morteza Moeinian ◽

Saeed Nazemi ◽

Sepideh Elyasi ◽

Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Calcium Score ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Artery Disease

Objectives: Fetuin-A is a circulating calcification inhibitor that prevents coronary artery calcification (CAC) by increasing calcium phosphate solubility and inhibiting VSMC differentiation and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the correlation between rs4918 and CAC in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Forty-two healthy individuals and eighty-one CAD patients were recruited in the present study. The CAC score (CACS) was measured by CT angiography and the genotype analysis of rs4918 single-nucleotide polymorphism SNP was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Results: The CACS was significantly higher in CAD patients compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.001); however, there was no significant difference between the mean CACS in the presence and absence of rs4918 (p = 0.792). The mean calcium score of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) was significantly lower in carriers of the rs4918 allele (p = 0.036). The frequency of rs4918 SNP was almost similar in the control group and CAD patients (p = 0.846). Conclusions: in patients with CAD, we found no significant association between rs4918 SNP and CACS, indicating that carriers of this allele are not at increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases compared with those without.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Evaluation of the predictive value of coronary artery calcium score for obstructive coronary artery disease in asymptomatic Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725087687.793510525 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Nathan Wong

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Calcium Score ◽

Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Calcium Score ◽

Artery Disease

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PROGNOSTIC UTILITY OF COMBINED TOTAL CALCIUM SCORE AND NUMBER OF LESIONS IN PREDICTING OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(21)02801-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (18) ◽

pp. 1443

Author(s):

Venkat Sanjay Manubolu ◽

Suraj Dahal ◽

April Kinninger ◽

Suvasini Lakshmanan ◽

Francesca Calicchio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Calcium Score ◽

Total Calcium ◽

Prognostic Utility ◽

Artery Disease

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Association between the Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Risk of Coronary Artery Calcification

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57080807 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 807

Author(s):

Chien-Chih Chen ◽

Wei-Chien Hsu ◽

Han-Ming Wu ◽

Jiun-Yi Wang ◽

Pei-Yu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Multidetector Computed Tomography ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Calcium Score ◽

Left Main

Background and Objectives: There are limited data on the association between severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and coronary artery calcification. This study investigated sonographic diagnosed NAFLD and coronary artery calcium score (CAC) as detected by cardiac multidetector computed tomography in general populations. Materials and Methods: A total of 545 patients were enrolled in this study. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography examination and CAC score were evaluated by cardiac multidetector computed tomography. The association between NAFLD and artery calcium score stage was determined by logistic regression analysis and Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. Results: Of all the participants, 437 (80.2%) had ultrasonography-diagnosed NAFLD and 242 (44%) had coronary artery calcification (CAC > 0). After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, the risk of developing coronary artery calcification was 1.36-fold greater in the patients with different severity of NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.07–1.77, p = 0.016). The highest OR for separate coronary artery calcification was 1.98 (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.37–2.87, p < 0.001) in the left main artery, and the risk was still 1.71-fold greater after adjustments (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.16–2.54, p = 0.007). Conclusions: This cross-sectional study demonstrated that the severity of NAFLD was associated with the presence of significant coronary artery calcification, especially in the left main coronary artery, suggesting increasing the cardiovascular risk.

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Bicuspid Aortic Valve Is Associated with Less Coronary Calcium and Coronary Artery Disease Burden

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10143070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 3070

Author(s):

Gudrun Feuchtner ◽

Sven Bleckwenn ◽

Leon Stoessl ◽

Fabian Plank ◽

Christoph Beyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Aortic Valve ◽

Bicuspid Aortic Valve ◽

Coronary Artery Calcium ◽

Coronary Artery Calcium Score ◽

Calcium Score ◽

Coronary Calcium ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Artery Disease

(1) Background. Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is associated with genetic defects (NOTCH 1, GATA 5) and aortopathy. Differences in the flow patterns and a genetic predisposition could also affect coronary arteries. The objective was to assess the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) burden by coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in patients with BAV stenosis, as compared to stenotic tricuspid aortic valves (TAV). (2) Methods. A retrospective case–control study. A total of 47 patients with BAV stenosis (68.9 years ± 12.9, 38.3% females) who underwent CTA were matched with 47 TAV stenosis patients for age, gender, smoking, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, body-mass-index and chronic kidney disease. (3) Results. The coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was lower in BAV (237.4 vs. 1013.3AU; p < 0.001) than in TAV, and stenosis severity was less (CAD-RADTM: p < 0.001). More patients with BAV had CACS zero (27.7% vs. 0%; p < 0.001). The majority (68.1%) of patients with BAV had no or non-obstructive CAD but only 25.5% of TAV (p < 0.001). Obstructive CAD (>50% stenosis) by CTA was more frequently observed in patients with TAV (68.1%; p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions and Relevance. Patients with BAV stenosis have markedly less coronary calcium and less severe coronary stenosis. CTA succeeds to rule out obstructive CAD in the majority of BAV, with adherent implications for TAVR planning.

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