scholarly journals A Heavy Metal Network: Connecting Remediation Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Paola Posligua Chica ◽  
Carlos Banchón Bajaña ◽  
Elvito Villegas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Remediation Strategies ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

Heavy metals in the environment are negatively affecting ecosystems and human life. The anthropogenic source of heavy metals has increased because of sludge from wastewater plants, tanneries, fertilizers, pesticides, and mining industry. As well as environmental conditions change, there is an effect of sedimentation of heavy metals in natural sediments which affect groundwater sources. Thus, the relevance of the present bibliometric work is to address the different interactions between heavy metals and natural sediments. Therefore, this work claims a perspective to predict heavy metal precipitation behaviors in the presence of cations and anions, changes of pH considering its mineral and organic forms, and, solid and liquid phase displacement, migrations towards the contaminated soil and cationic stabilization of heavy metals. In this sense, Cd, As, Mo, Cr, Al, Mn, Al, Cd, Hg, Zn, Pb, Cu, Co, and Ni are mostly correlated with basic pH and Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn minerals. This network has also found that there is a link connection between the contamination source i.e. fertilizers, pesticides and biosolids, and physical-chemical parameters like ionic strength, oxidation-reduction potential, and salinity. Thus, the scope of the present work includes a different perspective in looking remediation strategies by the generation of a connectionist system.Keywords: Speciation, bioaccumulation, adsorption, recalcitrance, network  

scholarly journals Mercury in the terrestrial environment: a review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Gworek ◽  
Wojciech Dmuchowski ◽  
Aneta Baczewska-Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Hg Pollution

Abstract Environmental contamination by mercury is and will continue to be a serious risk for human health. Pollution of the terrestrial environment is particularly important as it is a place of human life and food production. Publication presents a review of the literature on issues related to Hg pollution of the terrestrial environment: soil and plants and their transformations. Different forms of atmospheric Hg may be deposited on surfaces by way of wet and dry processes. These forms may be sequestered within terrestrial compartments or emitted back into the atmosphere, and the relative importance of these processes is dependent on the form of Hg, the surface chemistry, and the environmental conditions. On the land surface, Hg deposition mainly occurs in the oxidized form (Hg 2+ ), and its transformations are associated primarily with the oxidation-reduction potential of the environment and the biological and chemical processes of methylation. The deposition of Hg on ground with low vegetation as 3–5 times lower than that in forests. The estimation of Hg emissions from soil and plants, which occur mainly in the Hg 0 form, is very difficult. Generally, the largest amounts of Hg are emitted from tropical regions, and the lowest levels are from the polar regions.

scholarly journals Mercury in the terrestrial environment: a review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Gworek ◽  
Wojciech Dmuchowski ◽  
Aneta Baczewska-Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Hg Pollution

Abstract Environmental contamination by mercury is and will continue to be a serious risk for human health. Pollution of the terrestrial environment is particularly important as it is a place of human life and food production. Publication presents a review of the literature on issues related to Hg pollution of the terrestrial environment: soil and plants and their transformations. Different forms of atmospheric Hg may be deposited on surfaces by way of wet and dry processes. These forms may be sequestered within terrestrial compartments or emitted back into the atmosphere, and the relative importance of these processes is dependent on the form of Hg, the surface chemistry, and the environmental conditions. On the land surface, Hg deposition mainly occurs in the oxidized form (Hg 2+ ), and its transformations are associated primarily with the oxidation-reduction potential of the environment and the biological and chemical processes of methylation. The deposition of Hg on ground with low vegetation as 3–5 times lower than that in forests. The estimation of Hg emissions from soil and plants, which occur mainly in the Hg 0 form, is very difficult. Generally, the largest amounts of Hg are emitted from tropical regions, and the lowest levels are from the polar regions.

scholarly journals Mercury in the terrestrial environment: a review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Gworek ◽  
Wojciech Dmuchowski ◽  
Aneta Baczewska-Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Hg Pollution

Abstract Environmental contamination by mercury is and will continue to be a serious risk for human health. Pollution of the terrestrial environment is particularly important as it is a place of human life and food production. Publication presents a review of the literature on issues related to Hg pollution of the terrestrial environment: soil and plants and their transformations. Different forms of atmospheric Hg may be deposited on surfaces by way of wet and dry processes. These forms may be sequestered within terrestrial compartments or emitted back into the atmosphere, and the relative importance of these processes is dependent on the form of Hg, the surface chemistry, and the environmental conditions. On the land surface, Hg deposition mainly occurs in the oxidized form (Hg 2+ ), and its transformations are associated primarily with the oxidation-reduction potential of the environment and the biological and chemical processes of methylation. The deposition of Hg on ground with low vegetation as 3–5 times lower than that in forests. The estimation of Hg emissions from soil and plants, which occur mainly in the Hg 0 form, is very difficult. Generally, the largest amounts of Hg are emitted from tropical regions, and the lowest levels are from the polar regions.

Physico-chemical Characterization of “Bone Taint” in Spanish Dry-cured Hams

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOMINGO BLANCO ◽  
AGUSTIN ARIÑO ◽  
PILAR CONCHELLO ◽  
CONSUELO PEREZ ◽  
JAVIER YANGÜELA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Physico Chemical

Samples of Spanish dry-cured hams were analyzed using several physico-chemical parameters (moisture content, chlorides, water activity, nitrate, nitrite, total volatile basic nitrogen [TVBN], pH, and oxidation-reduction potential [Eh]). The samples (n = 76) were taken from three basic types of dry-cured hams produced in Spain: slow-cured hams from white pigs (n = 39), fast-cured hams from white pigs (n = 15), and hams from black-skinned Iberian pigs (n = 22). Overall, 56 samples (73.7%) showed the “bone taint” condition, and the remaining 20 hams (26.3%) were normal, and therefore considered as a control group. The objective of this research was to establish the possible circumstances that determine the alteration by means of the differences found in the values of the analyzed measurements in both groups of samples (altered versus normal ones). The hams with “bone taint” were, in general terms, those with a higher TVBN content, a greater pH, and a lower Eh, attributable to an anomalous development of the proteolytic phenomena. The conjunction of a lower concentration of chlorides, greater moisture content, and a higher aw in the affected hams may have created the conditions favorable for tissue enzyme and/or microbial activity.

A brief Survey of Assessment models to Predict stress Level of Heavy Metals in Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Annam ◽  
Anshu Singla
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress

Abstract: Soil is a major and important natural resource, which not only supports human life but also furnish commodities for ecological and economic growth. Ecological risk has posed a serious threat to the ecosystem by the degradation of soil. The high-stress level of heavy metals like chromium, copper, cadmium, etc. produce ecological risks which include: decrease in the fertility of the soil; reduction in crop yield & degradation of metabolism of living beings, and hence ecological health. The ecological risk associated, demands the assessment of heavy metal stress levels in soils. As the rate of stress level of heavy metals is exponentially increasing in recent times, it is apparent to assess or predict heavy metal contamination in soil. The assessment will help the concerned authorities to take corrective as well as preventive measures to enhance the ecological and hence economic growth. This study reviews the efficient assessment models to predict soil heavy metal contamination.

scholarly journals Research on heavy metal level and co-occurrence network in typical ecological fragile area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Zhao ◽  
Liangmin Gao ◽  
Fugeng Zha ◽  
Xiaoqing Chen ◽  
Xiaofang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Sampling Points

AbstractDue to the special sensitivity of typical ecologically fragile areas, a series of human life, mining, and other activities have a greater impact on the environment. In this study, three coal mines in Ordos City on the Loess Plateau were selected as the study area, and the pollution levels of heavy metals in the area were studied by measuring As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb in the soil of 131 sampling points. Combined with the concept of “co-occurrence network” in biology, the level of heavy metals in soil was studied using geostatistics and remote sensing databases. The results showed that the concentrations of Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Pb in more than half of the sampling points were higher than the local environmental background value, but did not exceed the risk control value specified by China, indicating that human factors have a greater influence, while Cd and As elements are mainly affected Soil parent material and human factors influence. Heavy metal elements have nothing to do with clay and silt but have an obvious correlation with gravel. Cd, Pb, As and Ni, Cd, Cr are all positively correlated, and different heavy metals are in space The distribution also reflects the autocorrelation, mainly concentrated in the northeast of the TS mining area and the middle of the PS mining area.

scholarly journals In situ measurements of oxidation–reduction potential and hydrogen peroxide concentration as tools for revealing LPMO inactivation during enzymatic saccharification of cellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Kadić ◽  
Anikó Várnai ◽  
Vincent G. H. Eijsink ◽  
Svein Jarle Horn ◽  
Gunnar Lidén
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
The State ◽  
Enzyme Inactivation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

Abstract Background Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to simple sugars at commercial scale is hampered by the high cost of saccharifying enzymes. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) may hold the key to overcome economic barriers. Recent studies have shown that controlled activation of LPMOs by a continuous H2O2 supply can boost saccharification yields, while overdosing H2O2 may lead to enzyme inactivation and reduce overall sugar yields. While following LPMO action by ex situ analysis of LPMO products confirms enzyme inactivation, currently no preventive measures are available to intervene before complete inactivation. Results Here, we carried out enzymatic saccharification of the model cellulose Avicel with an LPMO-containing enzyme preparation (Cellic CTec3) and H2O2 feed at 1 L bioreactor scale and followed the oxidation–reduction potential and H2O2 concentration in situ with corresponding electrode probes. The rate of oxidation of the reductant as well as the estimation of the amount of H2O2 consumed by LPMOs indicate that, in addition to oxidative depolymerization of cellulose, LPMOs consume H2O2 in a futile non-catalytic cycle, and that inactivation of LPMOs happens gradually and starts long before the accumulation of LPMO-generated oxidative products comes to a halt. Conclusion Our results indicate that, in this model system, the collapse of the LPMO-catalyzed reaction may be predicted by the rate of oxidation of the reductant, the accumulation of H2O2 in the reactor or, indirectly, by a clear increase in the oxidation–reduction potential. Being able to monitor the state of the LPMO activity in situ may help maximizing the benefit of LPMO action during saccharification. Overcoming enzyme inactivation could allow improving overall saccharification yields beyond the state of the art while lowering LPMO and, potentially, cellulase loads, both of which would have beneficial consequences on process economics.

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