scholarly journals Development of a New Phase Change Biogas for Renewable Energy Storage System

KnE Energy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kismurtono ◽  
Satriyo K.W ◽  
Roni M ◽  
Dan Wahyu A. R
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Isothermal Condition ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Gas Flow Rate

<p>The aims of this study are to decrease the concentration of organic matter are to cooking and generate electricity from biomass. The methods were the preparation of fixed dome reactor, unit of CO2 removal, preparation and fermentation of cow dung, water, chicken manure running and sampling periodically every one hour and data analysis. Therefore, CO2 must be eliminated from the biogas and the corresponding phenomena of mass transfer with chemical reaction of packed column have to be studied. This study assumed steady state and isothermal condition. The system studied consists of packed column (stainless steel 304) 10 cm in diameter filled with 2 mm in diameter bead (zeolite) to the height of 80 cm and storage system of methane.. The gas flow rate was held constant at F = 800 ml/s, liquid flow rate (L) was 100 ml/s, pressure (P) was varied from: 350 to 700 mm water column (WC), and the concentration of aqueous NaOH 1.5 M inlet absorbent was held constant. The results showed that the percentage of absorbed CO2 can be enhanced by increasing the pressure. Using column with packing height of 100 cm. gas flow rate of 800 ml/s, using absorbent containing NaOH1.5 M with flow rate: 100 ml/s and at pressure of 350 mm water column (WC) and temperature of 30o C , the percentage recovery of CO2 reacted was 85%. The biogas then will be used to generate electricity.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Aqueous NaOH 1.5 M, Biogas purification, CO2 removal, Storage system</p>

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Flow Parameters in CO2 Capturing Using Aqueous MEA Absorbent in HFMC Systems

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Co2 Capturing

Nowadays, CO2 as the product of fossil fuel combustions, is polluting the air and the human environment, and it causes global warming. To reduce the negative effect of CO2 presence, it should be removed from the air by capturing methods. Hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) system is one of the most efficient method for CO2 capturing than the other feasible capturing methods. In the present paper an HFMC absorbing system has been simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software and the effect of flow rates of gas and liquid on the amount of CO2 removal has been studied. Aqueous solution of Mono-ethanolamine (MEA) is entered as the absorbent liquid in the tubes, and CO2 is removed from the shell side by the diffusion phenomena by participating in the chemical reaction with MEA. The results show that the higher liquid flow rate the higher %CO2 removal from the inserted gas. Against this result, the percentage of CO2 removal decreases with increasing the gas flow rate as expected. Higher gas flow rate leads the gas velocity to higher values and less possibility of absorbing by the diffusion method. The rate of the CO2 removal variation with liquid flow rate is higher than the CO2 removal variation whit the gas flow rate.

scholarly journals Absorber Sizing and Costing Required to Control SO2 Emission from A Combustion System

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
N. Harry-Ngei ◽  
A. A. Ujile ◽  
P. N. Ede
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
Column Height ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Column Wall ◽  
The Cost

This work was predicated on the design and costing of a packed column absorber required to remove SO2 from an air/SO2 mixture. The absorber is intended to be developed into an already existing combustion system as a retrofit. The gas flow rate basis of the computation was 40,000Kg/h. The Onda Method was used to estimate the column height as 9m and the column diameter as 2.5m while the column wall thickness as well as the domed head thickness was found to be 9mm using the BS 5500 Standard Method. In order to limit expenses, H2O was utilized as the absorber solvent and a flow rate of 29.5Kg/s to limit solvent usage. A pressure drop of 20mmH2O/m was assumed in the design with metal pall rings of diameter 51mm and surface area of 102m2/m3 chosen as the packing material. The study estimated a profound $306,559.87 as the cost of the absorber required to remove 95% SO2 content from the combustion waste stream. 

scholarly journals Monitoring crustal CO<sub>2</sub> flow: methods and their applications to the mofettes in West Bohemia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Fischer ◽  
Josef Vlček ◽  
Martin Lanzendörfer
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
West Bohemia ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Co2 Degassing

Abstract. Monitoring of CO2 degassing in seismoactive areas allows the study of correlations of gas release and seismic activity. Reliable continuous monitoring of the gas flow rate in rough field conditions requires robust methods capable of measuring gas flow at different types of gas outlets such as wet mofettes, mineral springs and boreholes. In this paper we focus on the methods and results of the long-term monitoring of CO2 degassing in the West Bohemia/Vogtland region in Central Europe, which is typified by the occurrence of earthquake swarms and emanations of carbon dioxide of magmatic origin. Besides direct flow measurement using flowmeters, we introduce a novel indirect technique based on quantifying the gas bubble contents in a water column, which is capable of functioning in severe environmental conditions. The method calculates the mean bubble fraction in a water-gas mixture from the pressure difference along a fixed depth interval in a water column. Laboratory tests indicate the nonlinear dependence of the bubble fraction on the flow rate, which is confirmed by empirical models found in the chemical and nuclear engineering literature. Application of the method in a pilot borehole shows a high correlation between the bubble fraction and measured gas flow rate. This was specifically the case of two coseismic anomalies in 2008 and 2014, when the flow rate rose during a seismic swarm to a multitude of the pre-seismic level for several months and was followed by a long-term flow rate decline. However, three more seismic swarms occurring in the same fault zone were not associated with any significant CO2 flow anomaly. We surmise that this could be related to the slightly farther distance of the hypocenters of these swarms than the two ones which caused the coseismic CO2 flow rise. Further long-term CO2-flow monitoring is required to verify the mutual influence of CO2 degassing and seismic activity in the area.

scholarly journals Monitoring crustal CO<sub>2</sub> flow: methods and their applications to the mofettes in West Bohemia

Solid Earth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 983-998
Author(s):  
Tomáš Fischer ◽  
Josef Vlček ◽  
Martin Lanzendörfer
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
West Bohemia ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Co2 Degassing

Abstract. Monitoring of CO2 degassing in seismoactive areas allows the study of correlations of gas release and seismic activity. Reliable continuous monitoring of the gas flow rate in rough field conditions requires robust methods capable of measuring gas flow at different types of gas outlets such as wet mofettes, mineral springs, and boreholes. In this paper we focus on the methods and results of the long-term monitoring of CO2 degassing in the West Bohemia/Vogtland region in central Europe, which is typified by the occurrence of earthquake swarms and discharge of carbon dioxide of magmatic origin. Besides direct flow measurement using flowmeters, we introduce a novel indirect technique based on quantifying the gas bubble contents in a water column, which is capable of functioning in severe environmental conditions. The method calculates the mean bubble fraction in a water–gas mixture from the pressure difference along a fixed depth interval in a water column. Laboratory tests indicate the nonlinear dependence of the bubble fraction on the flow rate, which is confirmed by empirical models found in the chemical and nuclear engineering literature. Application of the method in a pilot borehole shows a high correlation between the bubble fraction and measured gas flow rate. This was specifically the case for two coseismic anomalies in 2008 and 2014, when the flow rate rose during a seismic swarm to a multitude of the preseismic level for several months and was followed by a long-term flow rate decline. However, three more seismic swarms occurring in the same fault zone were not associated with any significant CO2 flow anomaly. We surmise that this could be related to the slightly farther distance of the hypocenters of these swarms compared to the two ones which caused the coseismic CO2 flow rise. Further long-term CO2-flow monitoring is required to verify the mutual influence of CO2 degassing and seismic activity in the area.

Absorption of Carbon Dioxide into Aqueous Ammonia Solution using Blended Promoters (MEA, MEA+PZ, PZ+ArgK, MEA+ArgK)

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9A) ◽  
pp. 1359-1372
Author(s):  
Farah T. Al-Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure

Absorption of CO2 into promoted-NH3 solution utilize a packed column (1.25 m long, 0.05m inside diameter) was examined in the present work. The process performance of four different blended promoters monoethanolamine (MEA)+ piperazine (PZ), piperazine (PZ)+ potassium argininate (ArgK) and monoethanolamine +potassium argininate was compared with unpromoted-NH3 solution by evaluated the absorption rate (φ_(CO_2 )) and overall mass transfer coefficient  (K_(G,CO_2.) a_v)  over the operating ranges of the studied process variables (1-15Kpa initial partial pressure of CO2, 5-15 Liter/min gas flow rate, 0.25-0.85 Liter/min liquid flow rate). The results exhibit that the absorption behavior and efficiency can be enhanced by rising volumetric liquid flow rate and initial CO2 partial pressure. However, the gas flow rate should be kept at a suitable value on the controlling gas film. Furthermore, it has been observed that the (PZ+ArgK) promoter was the major species that can accelerate the absorption rate and reached almost 66.166% up to123.23% over that of the unpromoted-NH3 solution.

Monitoring natural CO2 flow in the mofettes of the West Bohemia seismoactive region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Vlček ◽  
Tomáš Fischer ◽  
Martin Lanzendörfer
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
The West ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Co2 Degassing

&lt;p&gt;Monitoring of CO2 degassing in seismoactive areas allows the study of correlations of gas&lt;br&gt;release and seismic activity. Reliable continuous monitoring of the gas flow rate in rough field&lt;br&gt;conditions requires robust methods capable of measuring gas flow at different types of gas&lt;br&gt;outlets such as wet mofettes, mineral springs and boreholes. In this paper we focus on the&lt;br&gt;methods and results of the long-term monitoring of CO2 degassing in the West&lt;br&gt;Bohemia/Vogtland region in Central Europe, which is typified by the occurrence of&lt;br&gt;earthquake swarms and emanations of carbon dioxide of magmatic origin. Besides direct&lt;br&gt;flow measurement using flowmeters, we introduce a novel indirect technique based on&lt;br&gt;quantifying the gas bubble contents in a water column, which is capable of functioning in&lt;br&gt;severe environmental conditions. The method calculates the mean bubble fraction in a water-&lt;br&gt;gas mixture from the pressure difference along a fixed depth interval in a water column.&lt;br&gt;Laboratory tests indicate the nonlinear dependence of the bubble fraction on the flow rate,&lt;br&gt;which is confirmed by empirical models found in the chemical and nuclear engineering&lt;br&gt;literature. Application of the method in a pilot borehole shows a high correlation between the&lt;br&gt;bubble fraction and measured gas flow rate. This was specifically the case of two coseismic&lt;br&gt;anomalies in 2008 and 2014, when the flow rate rose during a seismic swarm to a multitude&lt;br&gt;of the pre-seismic level for several months and was followed by a long-term flow rate decline.&lt;br&gt;However, three more seismic swarms occurring in the same fault zone were not associated&lt;br&gt;with any significant CO2 flow anomaly. We surmise that this could be related to the slightly&lt;br&gt;farther distance of the hypocenters of these swarms than the two ones which caused the&lt;br&gt;coseismic CO2 flow rise. Further long-term CO2-flow monitoring is required to verify the&lt;br&gt;mutual influence of CO2 degassing and seismic activity in the area.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Biogas Upgrading to Biomethane by CO2 Removal using Water Absorber with Microbubble Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chananchida DUMRUANGSRI ◽  
Prukraya PONGYEELA ◽  
Juntima CHUNGSIRIPORN
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Absorption Column

Biogas upgraded to biomethane can be utilized as a renewable energy source to substitute LPG in households and industry. This study explored biogas upgrading by CO2 removal from 20 - 75 % CO2-N2 simulated biogas mixture. The experimental unit using the microbubble technique combined with the water absorption column was set up and used for CO2 removal from the gas. Microbubble sizes of 20 - 30 µm were generated by a venturi ejector and measured with an automated bubble size measurement. The experiments confirmed that a microbubble with an inline mixer could enhance the effectiveness of the absorption process. The tests demonstrated over 85.80 % removal of CO2 from the simulated biogas by the experimental unit. The effects of various parameters, including the size of venturi ejector, gas flow rate, water flow rate, liquid-gas ratio, and initial concentration of CO2, were investigated. The results revealed that 2 L/min gas flow rate, 15 L/min water flow rate, L/G ratio 7.5, and venturi ejector size 0.50 inches are the optimum conditions. The use of the tube absorber gave much higher CH4 recovery than an absorption column. The appropriate operating conditions gave over 96 % CH4 concentration or less than 4 % CO2 concentration, matching the CH4 purity required by biomethane specifications. The results indicated that the new technique demonstrated in this study can upgrade biogas to biomethane.

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Soroka ◽  
V.V. Horupa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Stoves

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

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