An Assessment of Crop Damage and Economic Loss Caused by Elephants in Harohalli and Kodihalli Ranges of Bannerghatta National Park, Karnataka, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 113 (01) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
G. V. Venkataramana ◽  
Sreenivasa ◽  
H. G. Lingaraju
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Crop Damage

scholarly journals Crop Protection and Its Effectiveness against Wildlife: A Case Study of Two Villages of Shivapuri National Park, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Pandey ◽  
Siddhartha Bajra Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Crop Damage

A complex relationship between the residents and protected areas continue to be an obstacle to successful conservation of protected areas. Conflicts between park authority and people living around the park pose a threat to conservation. Moreover, crop depredation due to wildlife incurs a severe economic loss to communities living in the close vicinity of the park, affecting the livelihood and well-being of locals. Many studies have been carried out emphasizing the identification and quantification of crop damage, but studies highlighting the means used for the crop protection and their effectiveness are limited. This paper examines frequency of the crop damage by wildlife and efficacy of utilized management practices in Shivapuri National Park (SNP). Altogether 132 households were visited in two buffer zone villages namely, Sikre and Jhor Mahankhal of Shivapuri National Park, Nepal. The study suggested that crop depredation by wildlife was a function of several factors, namely, distance of the farmland from the park, size of the crop raiding animals, frequency of their attacks on the farmland, and the type of crops. Five different measures were identified by the communities which they regularly used to prevent crop damage. Both traditional as well as modern means were used by households to guard crops from invading wild animals. The means of crop protection from wildlife differed according to the type of animal and crop being protected. Biofencing and trenches were effective for the small animals. Watch tower “Machans” and throwing flaming sticks and making noises were the most effective and safest means of crop guarding from all kind of animals. Though crop guarding was intensive, no means were found to be able to prevent crop damage completely. Thus, site specific management strategies as well as technical and financial support from donor organizations would be most useful to minimize crop loss.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 1-10

Park-People Relationships: The Case of Damage Caused by Park Animals Around the Royal Bardia National Park, Nepal

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Erik Studsrød ◽  
Per Wegge
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Livestock Predation ◽  
Rhinoceros Unicornis ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Wild Predators

Crop damage and livestock predation were a serious problem in three Village Development Committees (VDCs) situated adjacent to the Southwestern Part of the Royal Bardia National Park. The seriousness of crop and livestock losses varied considerably with the distance from the Park's border and the specific location of farms. This was explained by the variations in the distribution of animal wildlife inside the Park, the presence of natural and Man-made barriers, the availability of forested areas outside the Park, and the agricultural cropping pattern. Adjacent to the section of the Park with the highest animal densities, crop losses varied from 47% for Lentil to 24% for Wheat. Farther away, the extent of crop losses was reduced. In the ‘Far’ zone situated 2–8 km from the Park, only 3% of the Paddy was reported lost.Two wildlife species, Chital and Wild Boar, were responsible for roughly half of the total damage to crops by animals. Damage from a newly-introduced population of Rhinoceros unicornis was increasing, with Paddy (Rice) and Lentil the crops most affected by that species. The economic value of livestock loss to wild predators was estimated to be two percent of the value of total crop losses. The estimated value of grasses harvested by local villagers inside the Park, seen as ‘compensation’ for crop losses and denial of access to traditional resources, constituted only 10% of the total economic loss from crop losses and livestock predation.

scholarly journals Occurrence of the Indian Crested Porcupine (Hystrix indica Kerr.1792) and the Damage on Plantation Crops in the Nilambur Forest Divisions of Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riju P. Nair ◽  
E. A. Jayson
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Forest Division ◽  
Crested Porcupine ◽  
Southern Western Ghats ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Plantation Crops ◽  
First Time

The damage to coconut and rubber plantations by the Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) in the Nilambur Forest Division, Malappuram District was reported for the first time. The objectives of this study were to document the mode of attack and estimate the extent of damage by Indian crested porcupine in the plantation crops of the forest fringes. The study was carried out from June 2013 to May 2016 as part of the documentation of human-wildlife conflict in Malappuram District. Stratified random sampling, along with quadrat (10 m x 10 m) method was used to assess the crop damage. Estimation of the economic loss to farmers was carried out by using the market price of the coconuts during the period, collected from the website of Farm Information Bureau, Govt. of Kerala. The mean economic loss of crops damaged by Indian crested porcupine was Rs.1322.35/- per ha/annum. The debarking behavior of Indian crested porcupine on coconut palms (n=31), rubber trees (n=27) and consumption of newly formed bamboo culms (n=42) were also reported. No one has implemented proper mitigation measures against the Indian crested porcupine in the District.

The valuation of ecosystem services of the Khangain nuruu national park

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Ganzorig G ◽  
Enkh-Amgalan G ◽  
Аmartuvshin O ◽  
Densmaa Sh ◽  
Gantulga Ts
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Livestock Husbandry

The state protected areas (PAs) lack with financial resource, which weakens the PA management including lack of human resource and their skill development, transparent cooperations, and of equipments and vehicles for ecosystem conservation and rehabilitation activities of the PAs. Thus, research on analysing the economic value of the PAs is vital important for the decision makers and policy planners, because they have lack of understanding of benefits of investing to the PAs. In 2013, United Nations Development Programme published a book that reflects the approach of “Targeted Scenario Analysis”, which is used in our study. The Khangain Nuruu National Park (KNPA) locates in 11 soums of three provinces, namely Arkhangai, Bayankhongor and Uvurkhangai, and we analyzed economic value of the KNPA for six economic sectors (livestock husbandry, crop farming, forestry, tourism, mining and industry), and two non-economic but consumption based sectors (carbon sequestration from larch trees, and drinkable water). The economic value or the contribution to the economy of Mongolia from KNPA was about MNT 165.4 billion in 2014, and it summed up to MNT 1 trillion between 2002 and 2014. Livestock husbandry, mining and tourism sectors benefitted about two third of this value. In case of “Business As Usual-BAU” scenario takes, continuesly, in place the total economic loss would reach to MNT 1.4 trillion between 2015 and 2040, compared to “Investing in Natural Capital-INC” scenario. Hence, implementing INC in the KNPA management would save this loss. We recommend to increase the financial resources for the KNPA management, therefore the economic sectors will not diminish due to lack of ecosystem services of the PA, which would then develop the sectors in the long run sustainably.

Research on Processing Method of Water Pollution Accident

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1964-1968
Author(s):  
Chun Ling Xiao ◽  
Yun Zhong Jia
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Loss Estimation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Symptom Recognition ◽  
Direct Economic Loss

Crops are the main victims of the accident of water pollution. The paper will discuss treatment program,investigation, crop damage symptom recognition, direct economic loss estimation of water pollution, confirmation, accident responsibility partition and arbitration of such links. It will provide principles for the other accidents. Besides, it can also be used as a handling reference to other issues of pollution and pollution accident.

scholarly journals Identification and crop damage assessment of indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) in selected zones of Abbottabad, Pakistan

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehtisham ◽  
A. Akhtar ◽  
K. A. Khan ◽  
M. Iqbal ◽  
S. A. Bano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Union Council ◽  
Crested Porcupine ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Precautionary Measures

Abstract Indian crested porcupine is the largest rodent pest that damages a wide variety of crops, vegetables, and tree species which ultimately causes huge economic loss in Pakistan, which is an agricultural country. It prefers to live in hilly terrain but common in temperate and tropical forests, shrublands, and grasslands. This study focused on the identification and assessment of crops damaged along with the main precautionary measures used by the local farmers. The data was collected from twenty-four villages of two union councils i.e. Chamhad and Slahad of district Abbottabad. Two types of data (primary and secondary) were collected from the study area. Primary data was collected for identification and estimation calculation of total crop damaged through direct field observation by taking random quadrates in each village of the study area. The damage in the crop was assessed by randomly selecting a quadrate of 1x1 m2 for the wheat, pearl millet, and Sorghum fields. While 4x4 m2 quadrates were taken for maize and vegetables. At least three quadrate samples were taken from each field including one quadrate taken from the center of the field area. In union council Chamhad, damage to maize (11.31%) and wheat (0.73%) by the Indian crested porcupine while in union council Salhad, damage of maize (6.95%) and wheat (1.6%) was observed. In the entire study area, overall damage to maize crop (8.01%) and wheat (0.88%) was calculated. Based on information obtained from the farmers, the Indian porcupine inflicted damage to potato, tomato, cauliflower, chili pepper, turnip, radish, pea, and onion, etc. Secondary data obtained through a questionnaire survey to explore the human porcupine conflict and precautionary measures used by the farmers and landowners. Open and close-ended questionnaires (159) highlighted the presence of Indian crested porcupine in the study area and 96% of the respondents have seen porcupine directly. Many types of precautionary measures were used by the farmers such as fencing, night stay, night firing, and dogs to decrease the crop damage, respondents (63.91%) use guns for hunting. however, due to the largely agricultural area and nocturnal behavior of Indian crested porcupine majority of the respondents (51.57%) did not use any precautionary measure. Biological control of Indian porcupine is recommended in the study area. Farmers should be encouraged and provide incentives and killing through current should be banned while proper hunting license should be issued to overcome overhunting. Scientific studies are required to control the reproduction of porcupine specifically in the more damaged areas.

LIVELIHOOD IN BHITARKANIKA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, INDIA: AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOURISM PRACTICES

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 653-681
Author(s):  
MADHUMITA DAS ◽  
BANI CHATTERJEE
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Forest Department ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Animal Conflict ◽  
Major Occupation

The present study examines the livelihood impact of ecotourism policy in Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary (BKWS), Odisha, India. Results confirm that ecotourism has created several employment opportunities for the locals and the participants earn better compared to the non-participants. However, the locals suffer due to man-animal conflict and the non-participants suffer the most as farming is their major occupation. Crop damage and livestock depredation by wild animals cause a great economic loss to the villagers. The losses often result in aggravating poverty, food insecurity, additional expenses for investing on mitigating measures and consequently diminished state of socio-economic wellbeing. Thus proper measures can go a long way in founding a better relationship between the forest department and the villagers.

scholarly journals Differential utilization of cashew—a low-conflict crop—by sympatric humans and chimpanzees

Oryx ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley J. Hockings ◽  
Claudia Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
National Park ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Agricultural Matrix ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Local Farmers

AbstractModification of natural areas by human activities mostly has a negative impact on wildlife by increasing the geographical and ecological overlap between people and animals. This can result in escalating levels of competition and conflict between humans and wildlife, for example over crops. However, data on specific crops and crop parts that are unattractive to wildlife yet important for human livelihoods are surprisingly scarce, especially considering their potential application to reducing crop damage by wildlife. Here we examine the co-utilization of a nationally important and spatially abundant cash crop, cashew Anacardium occidentalis, by people and chimpanzees Pan troglodytes verus inhabiting a forested–agricultural matrix in Cantanhez National Park in Guinea-Bissau. In this Park people predominantly harvest the marketable cashew nut and discard the unprofitable fruit whereas chimpanzees only consume the fruit. Local farmers generally perceive a benefit of raiding by chimpanzees as they reportedly pile the nuts, making harvesting easier. By ensuring that conflict levels over crops, especially those with high economic importance, remain low, the costs of living in proximity to wildlife can potentially be reduced. Despite high levels of deforestation associated with cashew farming, these findings point to the importance of cashew as a low-conflict crop in this area.

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