scholarly journals Using insensitive PPD-D1a allele for the early forms selection of bread wheat in the initial selection stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Mirskaya ◽  
◽  
N. Rushina ◽  
N. Sinyavina ◽  
A. Kochetov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Initial Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Determination the photoperiod-insensitive allele (Ppd-D1a) in wheat cultivars is necessary for use in breeding development of newly wheat cultivars. The aim of our study was to select breeding material by screening Ppd-D1 gene alleles and estimation value and the degree of heterosis in F1. Using these two methods, it is possible to select genetic material for increased breeding of new wheat lines that combine earliness and increased productivity. In this study 26 varieties of spring soft wheat were screened for the Ppd-D1 gene alleles. The Ppd-D1a allele was detected in 12 wheat varieties (ITMI 10, 29, 47, 57, 58, 59, 60, 89, 94, AFI-91, AFI-177, Opata 85), the recessive Ppd-D1b allele was detected in 14 wheat varieties (ITMI 7, 31, 32, 44, 80, 88, 83, 115, Zlata, Lisa, Agata, Lubava, W7984). Based on the results of a comprehensive assessment, parental pairs were chosen and 10 recombinants were obtained. Based on estimation value and the degree of heterosis of the main ear traits in F1, such as "ear length", "number of grains from the ear" and "weight of grains from the ear" were identified 4 crosses as initial to create wheat cultivars that combine earliness and increased productivity.

scholarly journals Molecular cytological analysis of alien introgressions in common wheat lines derived from the cross of TRITICUM AESTIVUM with T. kiharae

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Оlga Orlovskaya ◽  
Nadezhda Dubovets ◽  
Lylia Solovey ◽  
Irina Leonova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
High Level ◽  
Wheat Lines

Abstract Background Triticum kiharae (AtAtGGDD, 2n = 42) is of interest for the improvement of bread wheat as a source of high grain protein and gluten content, as well as resistance to many diseases. The use of T. kiharae for the improvement of T. aestivum L. is complicated by the fact that the homology degree of their genomes is low and this leads to an unbalanced set of chromosomes in the gametes of its first generations and the elimination of some genotypes. The aim of this study was to analyze the nature of alien introgressions and their effect on the cytological stability of hybrids obtained from crossing of bread wheat varieties with T. kiharae. Results Using C-banding, the presence of entire chromosomes of T. kiharae in the karyotypes of hybrid lines (intergenomic substitution 2G/2B), chromosome arms (centric translocation Т2AtS:2AL) and large inserts in the form of terminal translocations involving chromosomes of 1st, 3rd and 5th homoeologous groups of B- and G-genomes were found. Molecular markers revealed short introgression of T. kiharae into the genome of common wheat varieties. The highest introgression frequency was shown for 1A, 1B, 2A, 5B, and 6A chromosomes, while no foreign chromatin was detected in 4A and 4B chromosomes. A high level of cytological stability (a meiotic index of 88.18–93.0%) was noted for the majority of introgression lines. An exception was found for the lines containing the structural reorganization of chromosome 5B, affecting the main genes of chromosome synapsis in terms of their functioning. Conclusions During the stabilization of hybrid karyotypes, the introgression of genetic material from T. kiharae into the genome of T. aestivum occurs in the form of short fragments detectable only by molecular markers and in the form of whole chromosomes (intergenomic substitution) and their large fragments (centric and terminal translocations). The level of cytological stability achieved in F10 by the majority of introgression lines ensures the formation of functional gametes sufficient for the successful reproduction of the obtained hybrids.

SPECIFIC REACTION OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES TO WEATHER CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
A.I. Kincharov ◽  
T.Yu. Taranova ◽  
E.A. Dyomina
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Specific Reaction ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

Evaluation of spring soft wheat varieties and zonal features of seed production in the Altai Territory

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-71
Author(s):  
S. V. Zharkova ◽  
E. I. Dvornikova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
High Quality Seed

One of the leading grain crops in Russia is spring wheat. This is a strategic food crop of our country; it is also an important component in the structure of forage crops for monogastric animals, such as pigs and poultry. The purpose of the research was to evaluate spring soft wheat varieties of different maturity groups in order to identify genotypes as the starting material for obtaining varieties adapted to the cultivation zones, and to determine the areas optimal for the production of grain for seed purposes with high quality indicators. Field studies have been carried out in three ecologically different zones: the Priobskaya zone, the Prialtaiskaya zone, and the Prisalairskaya zone. Under the conditions of the Altai Territory, genetic sources of spring soft wheat have been identifi ed for different soil and climatic parameters of the study zones, the use of which will allow obtaining high-yielding varieties with high quality grain for specific cultivation conditions. The variability of the indicators of the characteristics of varieties in three ecologically different zones has been determined. The indicators of adaptability and stability of spring soft wheat varieties in different zones of cultivation have been determined. The optimal zones for conducting breeding work and seed production of varieties have been identifi ed. New scientific data on the quality parameters of seed grain in various agro-climatic zones of the Altai Territory have been obtained. The share of the contribution of the factors “variety”, “year”, “environment” to the variability of grain quality characteristics has been established. The economic efficiency of cultivating varieties of spring soft wheat for the production of high-quality seed grain has been determined.

scholarly journals Expected genetic gains from mono trait and indexbased selection in advanced bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 9131-9141
Author(s):  
Zine El Abidine Fellahi ◽  
Abderrahmane Hannachi ◽  
Hamenna Bouzerzour
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Selection Of

This study aimed at evaluating the expected gains from selection obtained based upon direct, indirect, and index-based selection in a set of 599 bread wheat lines. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of INRAA institute, Setif research unit (Algeria), in a Federer augmented block design including three controls. A wide range of genetic variability was observed among lines for the eleven traits assessed. The results indicated that index-based selection and selection based on grain yield expressed higher expected genetic gain than direct and indirect mono-trait-based selection. The best 15 selected lines exhibited higher grain yield than the control varieties, and they were clustered in three groups that contrasted mainly for the flag-leaf area, thousand-kernel weight, biomass, and harvest index. The index-based selection appears as a useful tool for the rapid selection of early filial generations, enriching selected breeding materials with desirable alleles and reducing the number of years required to combine these traits in elite varieties.

scholarly journals Reaction of spring soft wheat to drought in the forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 215 (12) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Lidiya Mal'ceva ◽  
Natal'ya Bannikova ◽  
Elena Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Bread Volume ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract. The purpose of the research is the reaction of spring soft wheat varieties to dry phenomena during the growing season in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals. Methods. The material was 24 varieties of various biotypes for maturation from the nursery of the competitive variety testing of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Results. The negative effect of the drought reduced the yield in the experiments by 11.9 c/ha, the weight of 1000 grains by 5.7 g, and the nature by 19.7 g/l. The influence of grain size on the yield both in favorable years and in years of drought was noted (r = 0.63…0.98). In arid conditions, vitreous is correlated with yield, 1000 grain weight, in kind, to a lesser extent with gluten content, bread volume, and “flour strength”. The lack of moisture during the grain filling period increased the gluten content by 3.4 %, the quality by 15.1 e. p. IDC, the flour strength by 102.7 e. a., the volume of bread by 106 g/l. In favorable years, the weight of 1000 grains and the vitreous content of the grain correlate with gluten (r = 0.44; r = 0.24–0.84). Indicators of productivity and physical properties of grain increase when sowing at the optimal time, with a certain decrease in the gluten content (by 1.2 %), flour strength (by 5.3 e. a.), bread volume (by 73.2 e. p.). In the early sowing period, moisture deficiency reduces the indicators for all varieties Under these conditions, early-maturing varieties form a larger grain both when sowing at an early time (29.0 g) and when sowing at the optimal (31.3 g). In a drought, the role of the variety is especially high. High drought resistance was shown by the Zauralochka variety of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture, which successfully passed the test in the dry years (2012, 2020) in the GSI system and in the environmental test (KASIB). The yield of the drought-resistant variety Zauralochka on average for the HSU was 20.2 c/ha, exceeding the standard Hercules by 2.2 c/ha. Scientific novelty. The features of the influence of dry phenomena on the yield and the main indicators of the quality of varieties are revealed, the correlation between them is determined. According to drought resistance, a variety of spring soft wheat Zauralochka was selected.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT VARIETY OF KASIB NURSERY-GARDEN TO THE BROWN AND STEBLE STEM RUST IN THE CONDITIONS OF WESTERN SIBERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Владимир Шаманин ◽  
Vladimir Shamanin ◽  
Инна Потоцкая ◽  
Inna Pototskaya ◽  
Олег Кузьмин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Research Institute

Owing to the climate warming and, as a consequence, the deterioration of the phytopathological situation, associated with the emergence of aggressive races of fungal diseases, as well as the cultivation of susceptible varieties on the main wheat sowing area in Western Siberia, it is important to expand the genotypic diversity of wheat varieties and search for new sources of long-term sustainability. The evaluation results of spring soft wheat varieties of KASIB nursery shuttle breeding set up jointly by scientific institutions of Western Siberia, Kazakhstan and the International Center for the Improvement of Corn and Wheat CIMMYT are presented in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The research was carried out in 2011-2016, using field and laboratory methods. The results of the assessment of the susceptibility of KASIB nursery varieties to brown and stem rust have shown that varieties with high resistance prevail among resistant varieties in all phases of plant development, which indicates targeted selection for immunity with genes of race-specific and age resistance. The use of cluster analysis made it possible to reveal significant differences in productivity and resistance to rust diseases of KASIB varieties. We distinguished wheat varieties from KASIB nursery-garden 14, 15 - Lutestsens 141/03-2 and Sigma (Siberian scientific research Institute of Agriculture), from KASIB nursery-garden 16, 17 - Erythrospermum 85-08 (Omsk SAU), Lutestsens 6/04-4 and Lutestsens 186/04- 61 (Siberian scientific research Institute of Agriculture), resistant to brown and stem rust, exceeding in terms of yield standards, which are recommended to be used as a starting material for wheat breeding in Western Siberia.

scholarly journals Technological and baking properties of spring soft wheat grain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.А. АСЕЕВА ◽  
К.В. ЗЕНКИНА ◽  
И.В. ЛОМАКИНА ◽  
З.С. РУБАН
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Natural Decrease ◽  
Baking Industry ◽  
Far Eastern

Тенденция ухудшения качества зерна пшеницы, отмечающаяся в настоящее время, влечет за собой закономерное снижение хлебопекарных свойств муки. В связи с этим изучены особенности технологических и хлебопекарных свойств семи сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы селекции Дальневосточного НИИСХ – Хабаровчанка, Зарянка, Лира-98, Елизавета, Приамурская, Анфея, Далира. Оценку показателей качества зерна и хлеба проводили по общепринятым методикам ежегодно в 2006–2019 гг. Сорта яровой мягкой пшеницы Приамурская, Анфея, Далира в среднем за годы исследований отличались максимальным формированием урожая зерна (3,4; 3,8; 3,8 т/га соответственно). Натура зерна у сорта Далира соответствует I классу зерна мягкой пшеницы и составляет 756 г/л. Все изучаемые образцы яровой мягкой пшеницы имеют достаточно высокое содержание белка в зерне (более 14 %) и клейковины (более 28 %) второй группы качества (удовлетворительно слабая). Показатель «сила муки» существенно изменялся в зависимости от гидротермических условий вегетации (V = 6–37 %), в среднем за годы исследований максимальное значение данного признака (более 280 е.а.) установлено у сортов Лира-98, Елизавета, Приамурская, Далира. В благоприятные годы объемный выход хлеба составляет более 1000 мл у генотипов Зарянка, Лира-98, Елизавета, Анфея. Согласно пробной выпечке хлеба выделены сорта пшеницы с высокой хлебопекарной оценкой (выше 4 баллов) – Зарянка, Лира-98, Елизавета, Приамурская, Анфея, Далира. Таким образом, изученные образцы яровой мягкой пшеницы перспективны для использования в хлебопекарной промышленности. Currently, there is a tendency of deterioration in the quality of wheat grain, which entails a natural decrease in the baking properties of flour. In this regard, the technological and baking properties of 7 cultivars of spring soft wheat, bred in the Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute, were studied. These cultivars were: Khabarovchanka, Zaryanka, Lira-98, Elizaveta, Priamurskaya, Anfeya, Dalira. The assessment of bread and grain quality was conducted according to the standard methodology in 2006–2019. Spring soft wheat cultivars Priamurskaya, Anfeya, Dalira on average differed in the maximum formation of grain yield over the years of study (3.4, 3.8, 3.8 tons per ha respectively). The grain nature of the Dalira cultivar was 756 g/l, which corresponds to the I class of soft wheat grain. All studied samples of spring soft wheat had a fairly high content of protein (more than 14 %), and gluten (more than 28 %) of the second quality group (satisfactory weak) in grain. The flour strength indicator significantly changed depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season (V = 6–37 %), and on average, over the years of research, the maximum value of this trait (more than 280 e.a.) was found in cultivars Lira-98, Elizaveta, Priamurskaya, Dalira. In favourable years, the volume of bread from the Zaryanka, Lira-98, Elizaveta, Anfeya was more than 1,000 ml. According to the test bread baking, wheat cultivars with a high baking score (above 4 points) were highlighted: Zaryanka, Lira-98, Elizaveta, Priamurskaya, Anfeya, Dalira. Therefore, the studied cultivars of spring soft wheat are promising for use in the baking industry.

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