scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF NATURAL TOPOGRAPHIC NAMES FUNCTIONING IN UKRAINIAN SPELLS

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
E. V. Boeva
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
Cultural Component ◽  
People’S Attitudes

The article proposes a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the topographic repertoire of Ukrainian spells. Peculiarities of topographical and toponymic vocabulary functioning in the most ancient texts of ritual folklore are deduced. It has been determined that the spells reflect different geographical areas with the help of 7 structural-and-semantic types of topolexes; their artistic-and-aesthetic focus has been identified. Geographical names as culturally loaded onyms in folklore texts carry a huge layer of culturally significant information in their semantics. In this case the name is an abridged history of the inner life and spirit of the people. The cultural component of the language at the vocabulary level (hence the proper names) to some extent fixes the culture of the people - the native speakers, reflects the inherent worldview of the people. It has been proved that the disclosure of the functional load and mechanisms of onomastic vocabulary in folklore texts will contribute to the clarification and deepening of the theoretical foundations of onomastics as a linguistic science. Each geographical name, entering folklore texts, is combined with a complex range of relations that can be restored only on the basis of a comprehensive systematic analysis of all manifestations of spiritual and material culture of the people, taking into account regional data distribution and knowledge of typologically related cultures. One of the toponyms’ functions in the texts of the spells is a targeted one, but this category of proper names in folklore texts performs not only a nominative function, but often acquires a generalized abstract meaning, adds other semes to their lexicographically fixed meaning, which implicitly contain people's attitudes to the world. It has been proved that geographical names appear in folklore genres as peculiar concepts of the linguistic-and-figurative sphere of the Slavic mentality. 

scholarly journals Museum cultural collections: pathways to the preservation of traditional and scientific knowledge

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-634
Author(s):  
Angela J. Linn ◽  
Joshua D. Reuther ◽  
Chris B. Wooley ◽  
Scott J. Shirar ◽  
Jason S. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of The University ◽  
The University

Museums of natural and cultural history in the 21st century hold responsibilities that are vastly different from those of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the time of many of their inceptions. No longer conceived of as cabinets of curiosities, institutional priorities are in the process of undergoing dramatic changes. This article reviews the history of the University of Alaska Museum in Fairbanks, Alaska, from its development in the early 1920s, describing the changing ways staff have worked with Indigenous individuals and communities. Projects like the Modern Alaska Native Material Culture and the Barter Island Project are highlighted as examples of how artifacts and the people who constructed them are no longer viewed as simply examples of material culture and Native informants but are considered partners in the acquisition, preservation, and perpetuation of traditional and scientific knowledge in Alaska.

scholarly journals SUBJECTS OF HOUSEHOLD AND PERSONAL ITEMSAS A SOURCE FOR STUDYING THE URBAN EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE LATE IMPERIAL ERA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
O.N. Yakhno ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All

The author discusses the need to expand the source base for studying the history of everyday life. It is noted that a solid pool of historiographic works has already been accumulated in this area of research. Recent publications focusing on the reconstruction of everyday life in national capitals and provincial centers contain extensive generalizations and conclusions. At the same time, almost all studies are based on various legal acts, current records, statistical materials, publications in periodicals of a relevant period, and written sources of private origin. Subjects of material culture, the "world of things" that surrounds people in their everyday life, receive much less attention as a potential source of research. The article demonstrates in what way the analysis of numerous household items, various accessories for hobbies and pastime, as well as personal care items, may contribute to a better understanding of both the material side of everyday life and the diversity of individual and group preferences, behavioral and communication styles, and value orientations of the people. The author draws a conclusion that this approach is particularly important for studying the changes in everyday life observed in critical periods in the Russian history characteristic of the early 20th century.

Biography of a Hill: Novi Pazar in South-Western Serbia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staša Babić
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Object Of Study

Archaeology is one of the academic disciplines whose aim is to make sense of the past. Among other things, we organize and classify the material culture of the past into distinctive units according to a number of scholarly established criteria. In the course of the history of the discipline, these criteria have changed, and some of the previously prevailing modes of classification have been severely criticized, above all the concept of archaeological culture (e.g. Jones 1997; Canuto and Yaeger 2000; Isbell 2000; Thomas 2000; Lucy 2005). These reconsiderations have brought forward that the past may not have been as orderly organized and readily packed into the units we have designed to manipulate and explain its material traces. Consequently, we have started investigating other possible paths of thinking about the lived experiences of the people whose actions we seek to understand (e.g. Díaz-Andreu et al. 2005; Insoll 2007). However, some of the archaeological practices of organizing our subject of study have remained largely unchanged from the very beginnings of our discipline to the present day, such as defining one of the very basic units of observation—an archaeological site. The archaeological process may be said to begin ‘at the trowel’s edge’ (Hodder 1999, 92ff.), by distinguishing the features in the soil indicative of past human activities and demarcating their spatial limits. This basic anchoring in the spatial dimension, regardless of subsequent procedures, that may vary significantly depending upon the theoretical and methodological inclinations of the researcher(s) in question (Jones 2002; Lucas 2001; 2012), renders the past tangible and manageable, transforming a patch of land into an object of study, further scrutinized according to a set of rules laid down by archaeologists. Once investigated in their physical form in the field, the sites are converted into a set of information, analysed, commented upon and valorized both by archaeologists and the general public. In the process, some are judged to be more important than the others and lists of particularly valuable sites are compiled, such as the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Amy Murrell Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Union Army ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Federal Bureaucracy ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

The introduction offers an overview of the book by setting up its main questions and themes. It begins with a discussion of the geography of the refugee camps and describes how a new federal bureaucracy came into being in order to manage them. It describes the language used—then and now—to refer to the people seeking refuge from slavery and the spaces in which they lived. And it argues that“refugee” is a term that is rooted in the language of the 1860s and is more respectful of the personhood of these individuals than the term “contraband.” The introduction also urges readers to view this wartime period of emancipation as a distinct one, defined by its position inside military conflict and by the central challenge of seeking freedom inside the bureaucracy, culture, and spaces of the Union army. The introduction also describes the book’s methods, ranging from its examination of the material culture and environmental history of the refugee camps, to its microhistory approach that focuses on the stories of particular individuals. These approaches, the introduction explains, are necessary for understanding the most fundamental aspect of seeking freedom during the Civil War: survival.

Mining a Mother Lode: Early European Travel Literature and the History of Precious Metalworking in Highland Ethiopia

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 335-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Silverman ◽  
Neal Sobania
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
The People ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cursory Examination ◽  
Mother Lode ◽  
Travel Accounts

Our primary concern in this essay is with reconstructing the history of material culture. As anyone who has ever looked into the material culture of Ethiopia quickly discovers, the travel accounts of early European visitors can be a rich and varied source for illuminating any number of such traditions, including those of metal-, leather-, basket-, and woodworking, as well as pottery, weaving, and painting. Dating from the first part of the sixteenth century, the descriptions of journeys and residences in Ethiopia became more prevalent in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when they also begin to include illustrations of more than the landscape. As sources for the reconstruction of a particular material tradition, these accounts can offer valuable insights into the nature of the objects and the people who produced and used them. Conversely, they can be frustrating to work with, since the pertinent data they contain most often come in the form of a sentence here or there. Rarely are there entire sections dedicated to descriptions of particular traditions or processes, unless one happened to be of special interest to the writer.Among those scholars who have used travel accounts to great effect is Richard Pankhurst. For many decades, as even a cursory examination of his numerous publications illustrates, he has been mining this mother lode for the scattered sentences and tantalizing suggestions they offer. His most comprehensive writing on this subject is an often-cited 1964 article, “Old Time Handicrafts of Ethiopia.” Divided into sections, each dealing with a different tradition, Pankhurst cited various descriptive accounts that mentioned specific traditions. The basic approach taken in this and other publications that have followed is one perhaps best described, in keeping with the mining metaphor, as one of “prospecting” or in some cases mining “surface deposits.”

The emergence of the Scythians: Bronze Age to Iron Age in South Siberia

Antiquity ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (310) ◽  
pp. 843-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Legrand
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Eurasian Steppe ◽  
The People ◽  
Minusinsk Basin ◽  
South Siberia ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Millennium

The Minusinsk Basin is located where China, Mongolia, Siberia and Kazakhstan meet. Enclosed, but broad, and rich in copper and other minerals, the valley offers missing links between the prehistory of China and that of the greater Russian steppes. In the late Bronze Age the material from Minusinsk was important for the origins of bronze metallurgy in China, and in the Iron Age the area was a focus for the development of that equestrian mobility which was to become the elite way of life for much of the Eurasian steppe for more than a millennium.We are privileged to publish the following two papers deriving from research at the Institute for the History of Material Culture at Saint Petersburg, which give us the story so far on the archaeology of this remarkable place. In The emergence of the Karasuk culture Sophie Legrand discusses the people who occupied the Minusinsk Basin in the Bronze Age, and in The emergence of the Tagar culture, Nikolai Bokovenko introduces us to their successors, the horsemen and barrow-builders of the first millennium BCE.

scholarly journals Modern Toponymy of the Verkh-Yazva Rural Settlement (Krasnovishersk District, Perm Region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-120
Author(s):  
Maria V. Bobrova ◽  
◽  
Julia V. Zvereva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
State University ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Perm Region

The paper observes the current state of onomastics on the territorial residence of Komi-Yazvians, one of the disappearing small peoples of the Perm region. The authors intended to determine the degree of preservation of substrate proper names. The materials for this study were obtained during field expeditions of 2017–2018, undertaken to by teachers and students of the Perm State University to collect unique onomastic material in a small “pocket” of this people’s domicile — in the upper reaches of the Yazva (Verkh-Yazva rural settlement) in the Krasnovishersk district (Perm region). The first part of the article contains basic information on the ethnography and history of studying the language and culture of the Komi-Yazvian people. The factors that contributed to the formation of a unique culture, its preservation, and the formation of the ethnic identity of the Komi-Yazvian people are identified. The focus is on the current situation: the people are subject to strong assimilation processes, language and culture are rapidly fading and are on the verge of extinction. The authors emphasize that the Komi-Yazva onomastics have not received an in-depth study, and proper names still need to be collected and analyzed. The present study deals mainly with the toponymic part, describing the following classes of names: names of settlements of the Verkh-Yazva rural area, names of water bodies, mainly rivers, names of fields, meadows, pastures, and other microtoponymic objects. In total, this makes about 700 studied items. The following conclusions are made: 1) modern toponymy of the upper reaches of the Yazva river is a single and consistent onomastic space, 2) however, it also showcases structural changes due to a significant influence of the Russian toposystem; substrate onomastics, with the exception of hydronyms, is subject to active Russification and washing out of the active vocabulary, 3) the formation of the local toponymic space is influenced by historical and cultural processes, 4) the studied data indicate that macrotoponymy (mainly hydronymy) is more stable compared to the microtoponymy, which is more agile, more responsive to social, cultural, and linguistic processes, 5) it is necessary to immediately record the disappearing substrate names to subsequently consider the obtained data in line with modern theories of onomatology.

scholarly journals The influence of the arabic conquests on a linguistic situation in Sicily

2021 ◽  
pp. e021058
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Yuryevna Seredina ◽  
Evelina Erkenovna Mukhametshina ◽  
Tatiana Evgenievna Kalegina
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Italian Language ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Art And Architecture

This article is devoted to the study of the Italian language vocabulary, as well as its enrichment with Arabic borrowings under the influence of various historical events in the course of the historical development of the island of Sicily. The authors describe the main historical events that influenced the enrichment of the lexical composition of the Italian language with Arabic borrowings. The history of the Mediterranean is saturated with conflicts, meetings, migrations. For centuries, the region of southern Italy has been the center of various cultures and peoples, which greatly influenced the development of art and architecture as well as vocabulary of the people living in this territory. The purpose of the study is to describe and analyze the lexemes of Arabic origin present in the Italian language and Sicilian dialects. The lexemes are referred to "arabisms" that emerged during the period of Arab domination in the southern Italy and under the influence of the Arabic language. Within the scope the authors consider in detail the most important historical events that took place in certain periods in the region. In addition, the authors overview the semantic fields in which there are arabisms and the areas they are related, e.g. toponymy, material culture, agriculture, manufacturing, food, etc. Also the geography of the region and the linguistic contacts are regarded due to the conquests of the Arabs in Sicily.

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