scholarly journals Retained Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device in a thirty year old woman leading to secondary infertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4647-4649
Author(s):  
Ismaheel A. Azeez ◽  
Lawrence A Adebusoye ◽  
Jamiu A Lasisi ◽  
Banke I. Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Secondary Infertility ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Dilatation And Curettage

The use of Intra-Uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) had been found to be associated with several complications such as bleeding, perforation or migration into surrounding tissues or the omentum and retention. This is a case of a 30-year-old woman who had insertion of IUCD six years before presentation in the clinic which was believed to have been removed. However, uterine ultrasound showed that the IUCD was retained. She then presented with inability to achieve pregnancy of three years duration despite adequate unprotected sexual intercourse. She had Intra-Uterine contraceptive device inserted six years before presentation which she said a Doctor at a private hospital had removed two years after insertion. Her last confinement was about six years before presentation. However, uterine ultrasound showed a normal-sized uterus containing an Intra-Uterine contraceptive device. The retained IUCD was subsequently removed by dilatation and curettage and the patient became pregnant two months later. With appropriate investigation, in this case, accurate ultrasound, it was possible to locate the IUCD and subsequently removed it to solve the patient’s problem.

scholarly journals Recurrent ectopic pregnancies with secondary infertility: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2587
Author(s):  
Shivangi Jain ◽  
Indu Verma
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Mycoplasma Species ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Genital Tuberculosis ◽  
Secondary Infertility ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies

Infertility is defined as 1 year of unprotected sexual intercourse without pregnancy. It is further classified as primary and secondary. Secondary infertility is one in which prior pregnancy not necessarily live birth has occurred. Pelvic infections as a cause for infertility are seen in 12% cases while genital tuberculosis contribute 10-15%. Various studies have well established a relationship between subclinical infection and infertility with the two most potential pathogens being: Chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma species. Authors are presenting two cases one of a 30yr female, P0+5, with class 2 obesity with previous three ectopic pregnancies with LSO done 1 year back i/v/o left ruptured ectopic now presenting with secondary infertility for 1 year and another case of a 21 years female, P0+2, with previous two ectopic with LSO done 2 years back now presenting with infertility. These cases emphasize that infections are important causes for recurrent ectopic pregnancies and infertility.

Knowledge and Use of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among Bachelor's Level Female Students of Kathmandu Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Bhu Dev Jha
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Emergency Contraceptives

 Emergency Contraceptive Pill (ECP) is used for preventing pregnancy after having unprotected sexual intercourse, contraceptive failure or forced sex. The use of ECP within 120 hours of sexual intercourse could prevent unwanted pregnancy and its adverse effects particularly unintended childbirth and unsafe abortion. The study, therefore, aimed to assess knowledge and use of emergency contraceptives among Bachelors level female students from Kathmandu Valley. A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken from August to November 2017 among 347 female students who were studying at the Bachelors's level. A random sampling technique was used to select study participants and a structured self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and use of ECP after securing informed consent. Epi data and SPSS version 22 were used for data processing and analysis. The mean age of the female students was 21.5 years. Overall, 91.4% of the respondents had ever heard about emergency contraceptives. The main sources of information were radio or television, the internet and newspapers. About 4.6% of the undergraduate female students used ECP. Age, marital status, use of contraceptives and knowledge of ECP used within 72 hours were significantly associated with use of ECP. Although the findings of this study showed a high prevalence of knowledge among respondents, the improvement of female students’ knowledge on specific details of ECP and its advantages/disadvantages and timely utilization needs to be considered for any future awareness programmes.  

scholarly journals A Cognitive Analysis of College Students’ Explanations for Engaging in Unprotected Sexual Intercourse

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1121-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia F. O’Sullivan ◽  
Wadiya Udell ◽  
Vernique A. Montrose ◽  
Patricia Antoniello ◽  
Susie Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge and attitude about emergency contraception: a cross sectional study among medical students in North India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 4042
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar Gupta ◽  
Parveen Singh ◽  
Rashmi Kumari ◽  
Bhavna Langer ◽  
Pawan Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Early Years ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Emergency contraception (EC) which is the only method indicated after the unprotected sexual intercourse prevents unintended pregnancies and its harmful consequences like unsafe abortion or unintended child delivery. Since medical students are the future medical professional and would be the main channel to provide preventive, promotive and curative services to the population at large, their knowledge and attitude towards EC is an important context in the overall health scenario of India. The study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of medical students towards use of EC.Methods: This cross sectional questionnaire based study was conducted among 2nd professional MBBS students in a Government Medical College in North India. The self administered questionnaire intended to seek information on knowledge and attitude of the students. The data so collected was expressed in percentages and Chi square test was used as test of significance.Results: All the respondents had heard of EC with mass media as the main source of information. More than 90% of the respondents knew about the indications for use of EC as well as the timing of the use of EC. Female respondents had better knowledge about composition of EC as well mechanism of action (p<0.05). More than 90% would recommend EC in case of unprotected sexual intercourse and 83.5% had positive attitude towards EC.Conclusions: Although knowledge about EC was good on certain parameters, yet lack of in depth knowledge among future health care providers is a cause of concern. So, attention be given to special issues relating to EC from early years of medical education till internship. 

The relationship of adolescents' expectations and values to delinquency, hard drug use, and unprotected sexual intercourse

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Allen ◽  
Bonnie J. Leadbeater ◽  
J. Lawrence Aber
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Hard Drug

AbstractThis study examined adolescents' expectations and values about how competent behaviors would work for them in difficult social situations and explored the relation of these appraisals to adolescents' delinquency, drug use, and sexual intercourse without use of adequate birth control. Several lines of research on the determinants of adolescent achievement motivation, social competence, and various problem behaviors are integrated within a unified framework based on both motivational and cognitive-social learning theories. One hundred adolescents at-risk for problematic behaviors, aged 15½–18, received structured interviews measuring their expectations of self-efficacy in performing socially competent behaviors, their expectations about the outcomes of these behaviors, their values toward these behaviors, their perceptions of the values of peers, and their identification with the values of important adults. Adolescents also reported their recent levels of delinquency, hard drug use, and unprotected sexual activity. Adolescents' expectations and values were significantly related to all three problem behaviors; males' low efficacy expectations and females' lack of identification with an adult's values were the strongest correlates of problem behaviors. Adolescents' expectations and values are considered as potentially important aspects of adolescents' models of themselves in social interactions, which may mediate the link between problematic family relationships in childhood and deviant behavior in adolescence.

scholarly journals A community based study to determine the prevalence of infertility and associated socio demographic factors in rural area of Mandya district of Karnataka

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2444
Author(s):  
Shashank Kumbarahalli Javaregowda ◽  
Praveen Govindagowda ◽  
Chethan Thotahalli Krishna ◽  
Supriya Varadaraju
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Secondary Infertility ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Primary Infertility ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Infertility is defined as failure to achieve pregnancy after at least 1 year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Infertility is classified into two types, primary and secondary infertility. World Health Organization explains primary infertility as inefficiency to conceive after a year of unprotected sex and secondary if not conceived following previous pregnancy. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence and socio demographic factors of infertility (primary and secondary) among eligible couples in rural area of Mandya district.Methods: A Cross sectional study was conducted at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical sciences from the month of June 2016 to September 2016.One of the Primary health center in the study area was randomly selected by lottery method. All the eligible couples who are permanent residents and in the reproductive age group were included in the study.Results: Majority (59.64%) of the study group were in the age group of 20-25 years. Nearly 59.3% and 40.7% of the respondents belonged to joint and nuclear family respectively. The overall prevalence of infertility in our study was 7.7%. The overall prevalence of primary infertility was 6.3% and secondary infertility was 1.4%.Conclusions: As healthcare professionals, we should remember that infertility is a stressful life event for both women and men. Hence by knowing the prevalence and knowledge of the couple regarding the infertility, suitable health education programmes can be done to create awareness among the people regarding the treatment modalities available for infertility. 

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