The relationship of adolescents' expectations and values to delinquency, hard drug use, and unprotected sexual intercourse

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Allen ◽  
Bonnie J. Leadbeater ◽  
J. Lawrence Aber
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Hard Drug

AbstractThis study examined adolescents' expectations and values about how competent behaviors would work for them in difficult social situations and explored the relation of these appraisals to adolescents' delinquency, drug use, and sexual intercourse without use of adequate birth control. Several lines of research on the determinants of adolescent achievement motivation, social competence, and various problem behaviors are integrated within a unified framework based on both motivational and cognitive-social learning theories. One hundred adolescents at-risk for problematic behaviors, aged 15½–18, received structured interviews measuring their expectations of self-efficacy in performing socially competent behaviors, their expectations about the outcomes of these behaviors, their values toward these behaviors, their perceptions of the values of peers, and their identification with the values of important adults. Adolescents also reported their recent levels of delinquency, hard drug use, and unprotected sexual activity. Adolescents' expectations and values were significantly related to all three problem behaviors; males' low efficacy expectations and females' lack of identification with an adult's values were the strongest correlates of problem behaviors. Adolescents' expectations and values are considered as potentially important aspects of adolescents' models of themselves in social interactions, which may mediate the link between problematic family relationships in childhood and deviant behavior in adolescence.

Comparison of HIV + and HIV - Adolescents: Risk Factors and Psychosocial Determinants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Hein ◽  
Ralph Dell ◽  
Donna Futterman ◽  
Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus ◽  
Nathan Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Multiple Drugs ◽  
Multiple Problem Behaviors

According to the World Health Organization, half of the 14 million people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide were infected between the ages of 15 and 24 years. However, details about HIV-positive (HIV+) youths' risk-related behavior and social context have not been previously reported. Objectives. To outline detailed sexual and drug use practices, social and psychological status of HIV + youth compared with a cohort of HIV-negative (HIV-) youth; and to examine the ability of the health belief and risk-taking models to predict sexual and drug use acts of HIV + youth. Methods. HIV testing was conducted on and a 207-item structured interview covering HIV risk-related acts, protective factors and background information was administered to 72 HIV + and 1142 HIV - adolescents aged 13 through 21 years receiving care in an adolescent clinical care unit of a large medical center in New York City. Data were analyzed for adolescents reporting sexual intercourse (71 HIV + and 722 HIV-) by logistic regression analysis of five domains to identify variables significantly associated with HIV seropositivity. Results. Logistic regressions indicated significant differences in sexual risk acts based on serostatus and gender. Anonymous, blinded seroprevalence testing identified 11% more HIV + adolescents than would have been identified by current counseling and testing practices. HIV + adolescents were significantly more likely to be sexually abused (33 vs 21%, P < .05), engage in anal sex and survival sex (32 vs 4%, P < .01), unprotected sex with casual partners (42 vs 23%, P < .05), have had sex under the influence of drugs (52 vs 27%, P < .01), have a sexually transmitted disease (59 vs 28%, P < .01), use multiple drugs (43 vs 9%, P < .01) and engage in multiple problem behaviors (72 vs 30%, P < .01) than HIV - young people. HIV + females reported more oral (69 vs 45%, P < .01) and/or anal (42 vs 12%, P < .01) intercourse compared to HIV - females. HIV + males reported significantly higher rates of both insertive (82 vs 46%, P < .05) and receptive (51 vs 4%, P < .01) oral and anal (53 vs 13%, P < .01) intercourse than HIV - males. Protective factors were not significantly different for HIV + and HIV - young people. Conclusions. Routine, confidential HIV counseling and testing should be considered for adolescents having unprotected sexual intercourse when age-specific services are available for HIV + youth. Prevention programs should consider adolescents' history of abuse, homelessness and other social as well as psychological dimensions in designing comprehensive care strategies to address HIV+ adolescents' multiple problem behaviors and living situations. Current theoretical models of health behaviors should be reconsidered, given the lack of their association to HIV risk acts of HIV + youth. Age-specific services and interventions for HIV + youth are urgently needed as HIV is spreading among youth worldwide.

scholarly journals The relationship between severity of drug problems and perceived interdependence of drug use and sexual intercourse among adult males in drug addiction rehabilitation centers in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Yamada ◽  
Takuya Shimane ◽  
Ayumi Kondo ◽  
Masako Yonezawa ◽  
Toshihiko Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
Primary Drug

Abstract Background Consuming drugs in conjunction with sexual intercourse may shape the perceived interdependence of drug use and sexual intercourse (PIDS). Additionally, the severity of drug problems may have a significant impact on PIDS. However, this relationship remains unverified. Therefore, this study investigates whether the severity of drug problems is associated with PIDS among adult males in drug addiction rehabilitation centers (DARC) in Japan. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of the “DARC Follow-Up Study in Japan” conducted by the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry in 2016, in which participants from 46 facilities completed a self-report questionnaire. A total of 440 males with drug dependence were included in the analysis. We analyzed participants’ demographic characteristics, history of sexually transmitted disease diagnoses, and responses to questions related to drug use (e.g., primary drug use and PIDS). Additionally, we measured the severity of drug problems using the Japanese version of the Drug Abuse Screening Test-20 (DAST-20). Results The median age of the participants was 42 years. The median DAST-20 score was 14.0, the primary drug was methamphetamine (61.4%) and new psychoactive substances (NPS: 13.6%). Multivariate analysis indicated that participants’ experiences with unprotected sexual intercourse (“mostly a non-condom user”: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.410), methamphetamine use (AOR = 3.220), new psychoactive substances use (AOR = 2.744), and the DAST-20 score (AOR = 1.093) were associated with PIDS. Conclusions This study indicated that the frequency of unprotected sexual intercourse under the influence of drugs, methamphetamine and NPS use were strongly associated with PIDS. The severity of drug problems was also significantly associated with PIDS. It is necessary to develop culturally appropriate treatment programs adapted to the needs of patients who experience strong PIDS.

Knowledge and Use of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among Bachelor's Level Female Students of Kathmandu Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Bhu Dev Jha
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
Emergency Contraceptives

 Emergency Contraceptive Pill (ECP) is used for preventing pregnancy after having unprotected sexual intercourse, contraceptive failure or forced sex. The use of ECP within 120 hours of sexual intercourse could prevent unwanted pregnancy and its adverse effects particularly unintended childbirth and unsafe abortion. The study, therefore, aimed to assess knowledge and use of emergency contraceptives among Bachelors level female students from Kathmandu Valley. A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken from August to November 2017 among 347 female students who were studying at the Bachelors's level. A random sampling technique was used to select study participants and a structured self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and use of ECP after securing informed consent. Epi data and SPSS version 22 were used for data processing and analysis. The mean age of the female students was 21.5 years. Overall, 91.4% of the respondents had ever heard about emergency contraceptives. The main sources of information were radio or television, the internet and newspapers. About 4.6% of the undergraduate female students used ECP. Age, marital status, use of contraceptives and knowledge of ECP used within 72 hours were significantly associated with use of ECP. Although the findings of this study showed a high prevalence of knowledge among respondents, the improvement of female students’ knowledge on specific details of ECP and its advantages/disadvantages and timely utilization needs to be considered for any future awareness programmes.  

scholarly journals A Cognitive Analysis of College Students’ Explanations for Engaging in Unprotected Sexual Intercourse

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1121-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia F. O’Sullivan ◽  
Wadiya Udell ◽  
Vernique A. Montrose ◽  
Patricia Antoniello ◽  
Susie Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse

Sexuality and Intimacy Needs Within a Hospitalized Palliative Care Population: Results From a Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 104990912110369
Author(s):  
Anne Kelemen ◽  
Clara Van Gerven ◽  
Katherine Mullins ◽  
Hunter Groninger
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
The Impact

Background: Palliative care (PC) clinicians are well trained to address physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs of patients who have a serious illness. However, one area that is often overlooked is intimacy and sexuality. Objective: To explore patient concerns regarding intimacy as it relates to illness, family reactions, physician conversations, and coping strategies and challenges. Methods: Eligible subjects (at least 18 years old, capacitated, receiving PC consultation at the lead author’s institution) participated in semi-structured interviews between November and December 2017. Transcripts were open-coded and analyzed using Dedoose 3.5.35 software. A constant comparative method was used to identify patterns in the data. Results: 21 interviews were analyzed and several themes emerged. Participants described the effect of physical and mental/emotional changes on their relationships. Family relationships, romantic relationships, and sexuality were prominent in patients’ experiences of intimacy and how it changed as the illness progressed. Relationships were often noted to strengthen during the course of illness, while sexual activity was frequently reported to be negatively impacted. Patients consistently reported little provider communication on the impact of illness on intimacy beyond instructions about what sexual activities they could or could not engage in. Conclusion: This study underlines the significant impact of serious, progressive illness on relationships, sexuality, and physical and emotional intimacy. It highlights that these topics continue to be priorities for patients with serious illness, and that medical teams frequently fail to address them at all. Future research should further explore these issues across diverse patient populations.

scholarly journals Contribution of Illicit/Non-Prescribed Marijuana and Hard-Drug Use to Child-Abuse and Neglect Potential while Considering Social Desirability

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Donohue ◽  
Christopher P Plant ◽  
Graig Chow ◽  
Kimberly Schubert ◽  
Kelsey Bradshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Hard Drug ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Accumulated Number of Role Transitions and Hard Drug Use among Hispanic Emerging Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon-Patrick Allem ◽  
Daniel Soto ◽  
Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati ◽  
Jennifer Unger
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Hard Drug ◽  
Role Transitions ◽  
The Relationship

Effects of Case Management on Drug Users' Risky Sex

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS LONGSHORE ◽  
SUSAN TURNER ◽  
M. DOUGLAS ANGLIN
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Street Crime ◽  
Management Protocol

Case management for crime-involved drug users is designed mainly to reduce further drug use and crime but may also promote reductions in HIV risk behavior. In a five-site evaluation, the authors examined the effects of a case-management protocol known as Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime (TASC) on drug users' frequency of unprotected sex and frequency of sex while high on drugs and/or alcohol. At one site, case management had a favorable effect on the frequency of unprotected sex. At four sites, case management had a favorable effect on the frequency of sex while high. These effects were moderated by users' baseline level of risk behavior or history of related problem behaviors (drug use and criminal conduct). Implications for case management and drug use treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Drug use and risk factors among school adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Bárbara De Oliveira Prado Sousa ◽  
Ana Carina Stelko-Pereira ◽  
Érika De Cássia Lopes Chaves ◽  
Denis Da Silva Moreira ◽  
Manoel Antônio dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family System ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
School Context ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Significant Damage

 This study evaluated the association between risk factors and severity of problems related to drug use in secondary school adolescents. This study had the participation of 1192 students from 6th to 9th year of a city in the South of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection occurred through a questionnaire containing: socio-demographic data and the Drug Use Screening Inventory. Drug use was prevalent in adolescents aged 14 and 15 years, atheist, with good family relationships, living with friends/institutions, attended parties once a month, one or two times a week and three and four times a week. There was main damage in the areas of psychiatric disorders, family system and social competence among those who made use of drugs (except alcohol and tobacco). The results point to the need for implementation of preventive strategies of drug use and health promotion in the school context, whereas consumption was associated with significant damage. 

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