scholarly journals Efficacy of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides for weed management in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production in Guinea Savannah

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Kokonu Kojo Wilfred ◽  
Israel Kwame Dzomeku ◽  
Kugbe Joseph Xorse
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Hand Weeding

Groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) has gained prominence as food and cash crop both in the domestic and export markets. In Ghana, the bulk of groundnut is produced in the Guinea savannah zone where it is vulnerable to weed infestation that results in average yields of about 800 kg/ha compared to developed countries of more than 3,000 kg/ha. This experiment was conducted in Tolon during the 2012 farming season to determine the most suitable combination of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides and/or hand weeding that could enhance efficient weed control and to assess the treatments that could promote yield and yield components of groundnut. Some local available herbicides and recommended rates used included: Pendimethalin at 0.15 kg a.i./ha, gallant super at 0.03 kg a.i./ha, agil at 0.02 kg a.i./ha, basagran at 0.14 kg a.i./ha. The study was laid out in RCBD with four replications.  Results showed Pendimethalin at 0.15 kg a.i./ha plus gallant super at 0.03 kg a.i/ha at 4 weeks after planting (WAP) recorded the highest pod yield of 2436 kg/ha. All treatments recorded significantly high yield over the Weedy check. Weed biomass correlated negatively (r= -0.5074) with nodulation count while haulm yield showed a positive correlation coefficient of (r=0.4575*) with pod yield. Weed control efficiency of 94.8% showed pendimethalin at 0.15 kg a.i/ha plus agil at 0.02 kg a.i/ha at 4WAP was most effective in weed control. Herbicide application reduced weed index. Basagran at 0.14 kg a.i/ha at 4WAP plus one hand weeding at 7WAP recorded least weed index of 24%. The most dominant weeds were broadleaves such as Ageratum conyzoides (L), Corchorus olitorius (Linn) and Ludwigia abyssinica (A. Rich). Plots with uncontrolled weeds resulted in 69% loss of pod yield. In order of decreasing weed control, yield components and pod yield; Pendimethalin at 0.15 kg a.i./ha plus gallant super at 0.03 kg a.i/ha applied at 4 WAP was more effective than basagran at 0.14 kg a.i/ha at 4WAP plus 1HW at 7WAP and gallant super at 0.03 kg a.i/ha at 4 WAP plus 1HW at 7 WAP; and are recommended in that order to groundnut farmers in the Guinea savanna zone of Ghana.

Effect of herbicides on weed control and yield of kharifgroundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Patel ◽  
D. M. Patel ◽  
B. J. Patel ◽  
P. P. Patel ◽  
Shaukat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Free Treatment

A field experiment was carried out during kharif 2009-10 to 2011-12 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat to study the effect of herbicides on weed control and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Nine treatments of weed control were evaluated in randomized block design and replicated four times. Besides weed free treatment, an application of pendimethalin @ 1000 g/ha PE + imazethapyr 75 g/ha PoE at 15-20 DAS and H. W. + IC at 20 and 40 DAS recorded higher mature pods per plant, shelling percent, pod yield, haulm yield, gross return, net return, BCR and weed control efficiency as well as lower weed index and dry weight of weeds. No adverse effect of herbicides was observed on plant population, grain and straw yield of succeeding wheat crop.

scholarly journals Assessment of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics, Yield Components and Yield of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Eastern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Nano Alemu Daba ◽  
Janmejai Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Hand Weeding

The experiment was conducted to assess the integrated effects of pre-emergence herbicides and hand-weeding on weed control, yield components, yield, and their economic feasibility for cost effective weed control in faba bean. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments viz. pre-emergence s-metolachlor (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg ha-1) and pendimethalin (1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 kg ha-1), each at three rates metolachlor, s-metolachlor + one-hand-weeding, pendimethalin + one-hand-weeding, two-hand-weeding, complete weed free and weedy checks arranged. The weed flora consisted of broadleaved and sedge with the relative densities of 81.02 and 18.98 % at Haramaya district, and 80.83% and 19.17%, at Gurawa district, respectively. Application of s-metolachlor and pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 each supplemented with hand weeding 5 WAE significantly (p ≤0.01) affected the broadleaved weeds, sedges and weed dry weight at both sites. S-metolachlor 1.0 kg ha-1 supplemented with hand weeding 5 WAE gave the lowest total number of weeds (8.29 m-2) following the weed free check. Higher grain yield (3555.8 kg ha-1) was produced with s-metolachlor 1.0 kg ha-1 supplemented with one-hand-weeding 5 WAE following complete weed-free at Gurawa. The benefit gained from s-metolachlor and pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 each supplemented with one hand weeding 5 WAE were greater than the value recorded from the weedy check by 216% and 198 %, respectively. S-metolachlor 1.0 kg ha-1 supplemented with hand weeding 5 WAE treatment resulted in the highest grain yield and economic benefit. However, in case labour is constraint and s-metolachlor herbicide is timely available, pre emergence application of s-metolachlor at 2.0 kg ha-1 should be the alternative to preclude the yield loss and to ensure maximum benefit.

scholarly journals Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) genotypes tolerant to intermittent drought maintain a high harvest index and have small leaf canopy under stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ratnakumar ◽  
V. Vadez
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Before And After

Intermittent drought, which varies in intensity, severely limits groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yields. Experiments were conducted to assess root development, water uptake, transpiration efficiency, yield components and their relationships, in 20 groundnut genotypes under well watered (WW), and mild (DS-1), medium (DS-2) and severe (DS-3) intermittent stress. Pod yield decreased 70%, 55% and 35% under severe, medium and mild stress, respectively. Pod yield varied among genotypes, and showed significant genotype-by-treatment effects. Root length density (RLD) varied among genotypes before and after stress, although RLD did not discriminate tolerant from sensitive lines. Total water uptake and RLD under water stress had a weakly significant relationship. Water extraction from the soil profile was highest under severe stress. Water uptake varied among genotypes in all water regimes, but correlated with pod yield under WW conditions. The relative harvest index (HI) (i.e. the ratio of the HI under stress to HI under WW conditions) was closely related to the pod yield in all three intermittent stresses (R2 = 0.68 in DS-1; R2 = 0.65 in DS-2; R2 = 0.86 in DS-3) and was used as an index of stress tolerance. Under medium and severe stresses, the relative HI was negatively related to plant leaf weight (R2 = 0.79 in DS-2; R2 = 0.53 in DS-3), but less so under mild stress (R2 = 0.31). The results suggest that under intermittent stress, genotypes with a lower leaf area may use water more sparingly during the drying cycle with less damaging consequences for reproduction and pod.

Influence of weed management on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in gangetic plains of West Bengal, India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pabitra Adhikary ◽  
Partha Sarathi Patra ◽  
Ratikanta Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Hand Weeding

The field experiments were carried out at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal, India during summer seasons of 2012 and 2013, to study the effect of weed management on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in gangetic plains of West Bengal. Weed biomass, weed control efficiency as well as the pods plant-1, 100-seed weight, seed yield were significantly affected due to weed control treatments. Treatment receiving hand weeding twice recorded lowest weed biomass (3.44 g m-2) and highest WCE (85.09 %). Highest seed yield (1025 kg ha-1) was also recorded with hand weeding, which was significantly higher over other treatments. The results also showed that oxyfluorfen and chlorimuron-ethyl treatment applied at recommend rate were also effective in reducing the dry weight of weeds. Further the tested herbicides did not have significant effect on the crude protein and oil content in seeds.

scholarly journals Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Altom ◽  
R. B. Westerman ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1991 to 1993 to evaluate eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L., control and peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., response to herbicide treatments. Fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide} applied at cracking was the only preemergence-applied herbicide which provided season-long control (>84%). Herbicides applied postemergence were more effective when the eclipta was less than 5 cm in height. The most consistent early postemergence treatments were bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazm-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and bentazon + acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)butanoic acid]. Various other early postemergence followed by late postemergence sequential treatments also were equally effective. Minor peanut injury was observed at the early season rating from several herbicides; however, all injury had disappeared by the late season rating. Eclipta control did not consistently improve peanut pod yield.

Weed Management in Southeastern Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with AC 263,222

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Richburg ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Daniel L. Colvin ◽  
Gerald R. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field experiments conducted at four locations in Georgia and two locations in Florida during 1992 and 1993 evaluated AC 263,222 application rates and timings, systems, and mixtures for weed control, peanut injury, and yield. All rates of AC 263,222 applied early POST (EPOST) or POST controlledIpomoeamorningglories and smallflower morningglory at least 90%, and purple and yellow nutsedge at least 81%. Florida beggarweed and sicklepod control generally was highest when metolachlor was applied PPI followed by AC 263,222 applied EPOST at 71 g/ha, AC 263,222 at 27 or 36 g/ha plus bentazon plus paraquat applied POST, or with bentazon plus paraquat applied EPOST followed by AC 263,222 applied POST at 36 or 53 g/ha. Acifluorfen and acifluorfen plus bentazon reduced Florida beggarweed and sicklepod control at several locations when applied in mixture with AC 263,222. Common ragweed and hairy indigo control were 85 to 95% with bentazon plus paraquat applied EPOST followed by AC 263,222 applied POST at 36 or 53 g/ha. Highest peanut yields were obtained with treatments providing high levels of weed control.

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