scholarly journals Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Altom ◽  
R. B. Westerman ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1991 to 1993 to evaluate eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L., control and peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., response to herbicide treatments. Fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide} applied at cracking was the only preemergence-applied herbicide which provided season-long control (>84%). Herbicides applied postemergence were more effective when the eclipta was less than 5 cm in height. The most consistent early postemergence treatments were bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazm-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and bentazon + acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)butanoic acid]. Various other early postemergence followed by late postemergence sequential treatments also were equally effective. Minor peanut injury was observed at the early season rating from several herbicides; however, all injury had disappeared by the late season rating. Eclipta control did not consistently improve peanut pod yield.

Control of Bur Gherkins (Cucumis anguria) in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) with Herbicides1

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
E. W. Hauser ◽  
R. M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage ◽  
Treatment Sequences

Abstract Experiments were conducted from 1975 to 1977 to determine the efficacy of herbicides for control of bur gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.) in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Most bur gherkins seed planted in the field germinated in the upper 2.5 cm of soil, although some seed germinated from 7 cm. In greenhouse and field experiments, preplant-incorporated applications of vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate) substantially reduced the green weight of bur gherkin plants and also improved the efficacy of several cracking and postemergence herbicidal treatments. Postemergence treatment sequences were much more effective when they were begun while bur gherkins were in the cotyledonary stage of development rather than the 3- to 5-leaf stage. Preplanting application and incorporation of vernolate + benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine), followed by a cracking application of alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] + naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) + dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol), followed by dinoseb controlled bur gherkins. Some of the most intensive herbicide programs reduced the yield of peanuts in some experiments. Bur gherkin plants that survived the herbicide treatments produced substantial quantities of fruit and seed.

scholarly journals Peanut Peg Strength and Associated Pod Yield and Loss by Cultivar

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Sorensen ◽  
R.C. Nuti ◽  
C.C. Holbrook ◽  
C.Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Stems And Leaves

ABSTRACT Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) peg strength and associated pod yield and digging loss were documented for nine cultivars and two breeding genotypes across three harvest dates (early, mid, and late season) at two Southwest Georgia locations during 2010 and 2011. Cultivars selected were Georgia Green, Georgia Greener, Georgia-02C, Georgia-06G, Georgia-07W, Georgia-09B, Georgia-10T, Florida-07, Tifguard, and advanced breeding lines EXP27-1516 and TifGP-2. Prior to digging, a minimum of three peanut plants from each plot were selected and excess stems and leaves were removed with scissors leaving individual peanut pegs and pods with about 5-cm of stem. Each peanut pod was placed in a “U” shaped metal bracket attached to an electronic force gauge and the stem was pulled manually until the pod detached. After digging and combining, a tractor-mounted scavenger machine was used to collect pods remaining in the soil. Peg strength was greater at Dawson (6.14 N) compared to Tifton (5.28 N) in 2010 but were similar in 2011 (4.51 and 4.39 N, respectively). Dawson had consistently higher yields (5326 kg/ha) and lower pod loss (562 kg/ha) compared with Tifton (3803 kg/ha and 936 kg/ha, respectively). Peanut cultivars with greater peg strength across locations were Georgia-06G, Florida-07, and Georiga-02C. Cultivar Georiga-06G showed the greatest yield across locations and years. Other cultivars may have had stronger peg strength, greater pod yield, or lower pod loss but none were more consistent than these three cultivars across years, locations, and harvest dates.

scholarly journals Influence of Flumioxazin Rate and Herbicide Combinations on Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Grey ◽  
D. C. Bridges ◽  
E. F. Eastin ◽  
G. E. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Small Flower

Abstract Field studies were conducted during 1997 and 1998 at three different locations in Georgia to determine peanut and weed response to pendimethalin at 1.1 kg ai/ha applied preplantincorporated (PPI) followed by flumioxazin at 71, 87, and 105 g ai/ha applied preemergence (PRE). Other residual treatments combinations with pendimethalin PPI included flumioxazin mixed with metolachlor or dimethenamid PRE, diclosulam PRE, norflurazon PRE, and imazapic applied postemergence (POST). Herbicide combinations that included flumioxazin controlled Florida beggarweed, tropic croton, and small flower morningglory at least 78% or greater. Late season Florida beggarweed control was 90% or greater with pendimethalin PPI plus flumioxazin at 87 to 105 g/ha applied PRE. Pendimethalin plus flumioxazin did not control sicklepod or yellow nutsedge. Smallflower morningglory control with all herbicide treatments was 90% or greater. Entireleaf morningglory control (when used in combination with pendimethalin PPI) increased from 80% with flumioxazin at 105 g/ha to 90% for flumioxazin in combination with metolachlor. Yields were similar for flumioxazin, norflurazon, imazapic, and diclosulam treated peanut.

Crop–weed competition studies in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Yadav ◽  
S. P. Singh ◽  
V. M. Bhan
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Crop Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Removal

SUMMARYField experiments were made during the rainy seasons of 1979 and 1980 at Hissar, India, to study the effect of time of weed removal on the yield of groundnut. Removing weeds from 2 to 8 weeks after sowing led to significantly larger yields than that of plots which were not weeded. Maximum pod yield in both years was obtained when weeds were removed 4 weeks after crop sowing.

Purple Nutsedge Control in Peanut as Affected by Imazameth and Imazethapyr Application Timing1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Dotray ◽  
J. W. Keeling
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments in 1994 and 1995 compared control by imazameth at 53 and 71 g ai/ha and imazethapyr at 71 g ai/ha applied to purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) 5, 10, 20, or 30 cm tall. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) injury was not observed with either herbicide. Imazameth and imazethapyr were similarly effective on purple nutsedge for the first 1 to 2 mo after planting. Regardless of application timing, imazameth was more effective than imazethapyr at approximately 3 mo or more after planting. Timing of application affected late-season control by imazameth only in 1995 where greater control was obtained when applied to 10- or 20-cm purple nutsedge. Peanut yields were variable in 1994 and were not related to the imidazolinone herbicide used, the herbicide rate, or the level of purple nutsedge control. In 1995, yield from plots treated with imazameth at 53 g/ha was greater than yield from plots treated with imazameth or imazethapyr at 71 g/ha. Timing of herbicide application did not affect yield.

scholarly journals Effect of Dinitroaniline Herbicides upon Yield and Grade of Five Runner Cultivars1

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
A. Edwin Colburn
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Abstract Five runner peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars were treated with four dinitroaniline herbicide treatments or a postemergence herbicide treatment to determine the effect on pod yield and grade, percentage sound mature kernels + sound splits (SMK+SS). No yield differences due to the dinitroaniline herbicide treatments were noted in the three year study. Southern Runner and GK-7 were higher in yield in one of the three test years, however, no cultivar yield differences were noted in the other two years. Grades were lower with pendimethalin in the three years; grades of trifluralin, ethalfluralin and benefin-treated peanuts were variable from year to year.

Cutleaf Groundcherry (Physalis angulata) Density, Biomass and Seed Production in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Following Regrowth Due to Inadequate Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Price ◽  
C. D. Monks ◽  
J. A. Kelton
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Physalis Angulata ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT A field experiment evaluated simulated salvage herbicide application injury and injury timing on cutleaf groundcherry density, biomass, seed production, and crop yield in a peanut system. Treatments included: 1) a non-treated control; 2) hand pruning; 3) diclosulam applied preemergence (PRE) alone at 27 g/ha ; 4) paraquat applied at cracking early postemergence (EPOST) at 140 g/ha followed by bentazon at 560 g/ha late postemergence (POST) alone or mixed with 5) 2,4-DB at 220 g/ha; 6) acifluorfen at 280 g/ha; 7) imazapic at 70 g/ha; or 8) chlorimuron ethyl at 9 g/ha. Hand pruning and POST herbicide treatments were performed at 1-week intervals for four weeks beginning in June of each year. Herbicide treatments do not reflect current peanut herbicide recommendations but were chosen based on likely differential cutleaf groundcherry biomass and subsequent seed production. Diclosulam applied PRE provided season-long cutleaf groundcherry control; imazapic applied POST in combination with bentazon also provided excellent control. Use of bentazon alone or mixed with chlorimuron ethyl, or hand pruning resulted in similar cutleaf groundcherry biomass and subsequent seed production compared to the non-treated control in almost all comparisons. Peanut yield reflected early-season weed interference and late season cutleaf groundcherry control. Highest yields were recorded for diclosulam PRE and POST applications containing 2,4-DB and imazapic with 6040, 5990, and 6430 kg/ha, respectively. When early-season weed control efforts fail to completely control cutleaf groundcherry, it is crucial to have effective late season herbicide options for salvage treatments in order to prevent additions to the seed bank. Nomenclature: Acifluorfen, bentazon, chlorimuron ethyl, diclosulam, imazapic, paraquat, 2,4-DB, cutleaf groundcherry, Physalis angulata (L.) PHYAN, peanut, Arachis hypogaea (L.).

scholarly journals Response of the Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar Gregory to Interactions of Digging Date and Disease Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Barbara B. Shew ◽  
P. Dewayne Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Rescue Treatment

Digging date can have a major impact on pod yield, market grade characteristics, and economic return of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and can be influenced by environmental conditions and disease management. In 17 experiments from 2003 to 2012, economic return of peanut was determined over 5 digging dates spaced 1 week apart beginning in early to mid-September through mid-October. Linear, quadratic, and cubic relationships for economic return versus days after peanut emergence were observed in 3, 6, and 4 experiments, respectively, with no response to digging date observed in 4 experiments. In a second experiment from 2005 to 2012, relationships among canopy defoliation and economic return for peanut at 3 digging dates with 3 fungicide regimes were variable, although increasing the number of fungicide sprays decreased canopy defoliation and increased economic return for later digging dates. Applying a single late-season spray of fungicide as a rescue treatment reduced canopy defoliation in 4 of 8 years and affected economic value in 2 of 8 years.

scholarly journals Comparison of Metolachlor and Dimethenamid for Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) Control and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Injury1

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
R. G. Lemon ◽  
D. C. Sestak ◽  
K. D. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Field experiments were conducted during 1996 and 1997 at four locations in Texas to evaluate metolachlor and dimethenamid for yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) control and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) injury. Dimethenamid and metolachlor were applied PPI or PRE at 0.6X to 2x the suggested label rates. Yellow nutsedge failed to develop at one location; however, early season yellow nutsedge control with dimethenamid and metolachlor were similar at one location, and at two other locations metolachlor provided greater nutsedge control than dimethenamid. Furthermore, late season yellow nutsedge control at the three locations was better with metolachlor than dimethenamid. Peanut stunting was 20% higher with metolachlor PRE at the 1x rate than dimethenamid PRE at the 1x rate at two locations when rated 4 or 12 wk after treatment (WAT). Peanut yields were variable but, at one location under weed-free conditions, plots receiving pendimethalin only had the highest yield. With excessive moisture and herbicide rates greater than recommended for field use, both dimethenamid and metolachlor caused peanut stunting. However, metolachlor provided better season-long yellow nutsedge control than dimethenamid.

Foliar Penetration and Phytotoxicity of Paraquat as Influenced by Peanut Cultivar1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wehtje ◽  
J. W. Wilcut ◽  
J. A. McGuire ◽  
T. V. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Abstract Field studies were conducted over a three year period to examine the sensitivity of four peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (Florunner, Sunrunner, Southern runner, and NC 7) to foliar applications of paraquat (1, 1′-dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium ion). Treatments included an untreated control and four herbicide treatments: paraquat applied alone at 0.14 and 0.28 kg/ha, or tank mixed with alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2, 6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] at 4.40 kg/ha. Weeds were hand-removed so that only herbicidal treatments were variables. Paraquat phytotoxicity did not differ between cultivars. No cultivar evaluated was abnormally sensitive nor tolerant to any paraquat-containing treatment. Laboratory studies utilizing radio labelled paraquat revealed that foliar absorption and translocation of paraquat did not vary between peanut cultivars. Yield differences were attributed to differences in yield potential between cultivars.

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