scholarly journals Where there is disrespect, you will find violence: The Demography of Child-on-Child Disrespect in Egyptian

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 4526-4535
Author(s):  
Huda Assem Mohammed Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Mother's Education

PURPOSE: Demographic factors such as gender, residential status, family income, father’s job, mother’s job, father’s education and mother’s education play an important role in children’s day to day lives, and especially in the disrespecting of children by their peers. The present study identifies the influence of these seven factors for the maltreatment of children through five dimensions: making fun of a child’s accent, making fun the child’s place of residence, making fun of the child’s culture, making fun of the child’s friends, and annoying a child because of his/her accent. METHODS: Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis along with path diagrams are used to extract child disrespect from the three factors and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is run to verify the above factor structure and evaluate the influence of predictors for child disrespect by peers. FINDINGS: The significance test of p-values in the regression equation shows that gender, mother’s education, and mother’s job are the statistical predictors for the disrespecting of children at a 1% level of significance and mediate this effect through four of the five dimensions. CONCLUSION: The education levels of mothers play a major role in ameliorating the victimization of children by peer disrespect. Girls are more likely to be victimized than boys, and a mother’s job also significantly ameliorates the peer disrespect shown to her children.

scholarly journals Genişletilmiş Alternatif Bir Kompulsif Satın Alma Davranışı Ölçme Aracı Önerisi

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Alişan BALTACI ◽  
Zeliha ESER
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

An Extended Alternative Compulsive Buying Behavior Assessment Tool Proposal This research aims to combine the two primarily used scales to measure compulsive buying behavior to achieve a broader-based measuring instrument. After applying the combined scale on 776 attendants, a reliability test and factor analysis have been conducted on the collected data. Five dimensions have been obtained by the factor analysis, and this structure has been tested by confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, the extended measuring instrument has been constituted, with 25 questions, five dimensions, and a high-reliability score of Cronbach’s Alpha. Keywords: Compulsive buying behavior, scale, consumer behavior, structural equation modeling

scholarly journals Given the Demographics of Emotional Divorce of Spouses – How to Minimize It, Using Structural Equation Modeling: A Case Study in Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Yasser Abdelazim Abdelmawgoud Samak ◽  
Mogeda El Sayed El-Keshky ◽  
Shatha Jamil Khusaifan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Level Of Significance

<p>This study identifies eight factors: age, gender, education, occupation, place of residence, duration of marriage, number of previous marriages and number of children within the marriage, which can affect the occurrence of emotional divorce. These eight factors are explored through nine dimensions: emotional, intellectual, social-recreational, psychological, temporal, sexual, spiritual, physical and economic. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis and path diagrams are used to extract emotional divorce from the eight factors. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is run to verify the above factor structure and evaluate the influence of each variable on emotional divorce. The corresponding beta coefficients in the regression equations reveal that education is the most dominant predictor of emotional divorce, with a 5% level of significance. It is equally predominant through seven of the nine dimensions (all excluding temporal). It is concluded that demographic factors such as age, gender and education levels play an important role in people’s day-to-day lives, particularly within marriages.</p>

scholarly journals Determinants of Shopping Mall Attractiveness: the Case of Shopping Malls in Nairobi, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Peter N. Kiriri
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Utilitarian Value ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

In the recent past there has been massive growth of shopping malls in Africa. As a result, in some countries like Kenya, shopping malls have to fight to ensure they attract shoppers to the mall and as a result maintain the image and the current tenants while attracting new quality tenants. This study focused on identifying and validating a tool to measure the determinants of shopping mall attractiveness. Data was collected from residents of Nairobi City in Kenya. A total of 303 respondents participated in the study. Initially a tool with 38 items was developed from the literature and after subjecting it to a factor analysis, validity and reliability tests a 17 item scale was achieved. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used in the determination of shopping mall attractiveness dimensions. From the analysis of data, five key determinants of shopping mall attractiveness were identified. These included: design and aesthetics; service options; convenience and safety; service employees; and, utilitarian value. Amongst the five dimensions, convenience and safety was identified as the most important in influencing shopping mall attractiveness.

A Cautionary Note on Incremental Fit Indices Reported by LISREL

Methodology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan C. Schmukle ◽  
Jochen Hardt
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Cautionary Note ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Abstract. Incremental fit indices (IFIs) are regularly used when assessing the fit of structural equation models. IFIs are based on the comparison of the fit of a target model with that of a null model. For maximum-likelihood estimation, IFIs are usually computed by using the χ2 statistics of the maximum-likelihood fitting function (ML-χ2). However, LISREL recently changed the computation of IFIs. Since version 8.52, IFIs reported by LISREL are based on the χ2 statistics of the reweighted least squares fitting function (RLS-χ2). Although both functions lead to the same maximum-likelihood parameter estimates, the two χ2 statistics reach different values. Because these differences are especially large for null models, IFIs are affected in particular. Consequently, RLS-χ2 based IFIs in combination with conventional cut-off values explored for ML-χ2 based IFIs may lead to a wrong acceptance of models. We demonstrate this point by a confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 2449 subjects.

scholarly journals Human Capital and Eco-Contractual Governance in Small Farms in Poland: Simultaneous Confirmatory Factor Analysis with Ordinal Variables

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Bazyli Czyżewski ◽  
Agnieszka Sapa ◽  
Piotr Kułyk
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Ordinal Variables ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Contractual Governance

Human capital (HC) plays an important role in modern agriculture. The difference in efficiency of assets explains only about a half of the economic performance of agricultural farms, while the other half relies on HC. Although education and training are the main components of HC, it may also be viewed from the perspective of behavioral theories that were taken under consideration in this study. The role of HC in sustainable farming has not been sufficiently explained when it comes to contractual governance (CG). In this study, the meaning of contractual governance was extended and the eco-contractual governance (ECG) concept was proposed, which stands for CG induced by agri-environmental contracts. The main objective of the article is to confirm the latent concepts of HC and ECG and to verify their correlation in view of the standards imposed by the agricultural policy. To achieve this goal, a structural equation model was developed and simultaneous confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal variables was carried out based on the sample of 674 small farms in Poland. The analysis has confirmed a relatively strong correlation between HC and ECG. It was revealed that training plays a crucial role in this relationship, while economic dependence on agricultural policy weakens the effectiveness of both HC and ECG.

A Comparison of Reliability Estimation Based on Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Structural Equation Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 001316442110089
Author(s):  
Yuanshu Fu ◽  
Zhonglin Wen ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Reliability Estimation ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Factor Loadings ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Composite Reliability

Composite reliability, or coefficient omega, can be estimated using structural equation modeling. Composite reliability is usually estimated under the basic independent clusters model of confirmatory factor analysis (ICM-CFA). However, due to the existence of cross-loadings, the model fit of the exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) is often found to be substantially better than that of ICM-CFA. The present study first illustrated the method used to estimate composite reliability under ESEM and then compared the difference between ESEM and ICM-CFA in terms of composite reliability estimation under various indicators per factor, target factor loadings, cross-loadings, and sample sizes. The results showed no apparent difference in using ESEM or ICM-CFA for estimating composite reliability, and the rotation type did not affect the composite reliability estimates generated by ESEM. An empirical example was given as further proof of the results of the simulation studies. Based on the present study, we suggest that if the model fit of ESEM (regardless of the utilized rotation criteria) is acceptable but that of ICM-CFA is not, the composite reliability estimates based on the above two models should be similar. If the target factor loadings are relatively small, researchers should increase the number of indicators per factor or increase the sample size.

scholarly journals Measuring Forgiveness: Psychometric Properties of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale in the Spanish Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Karla Gallo-Giunzioni ◽  
María Prieto-Ursúa ◽  
Cristina Fernández-Belinchón ◽  
Octavio Luque-Reca
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Dispositional Forgiveness ◽  
Scale Reduction ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Acceptable Internal Consistency

Given the scarcity of instruments in Spanish to measure forgiveness, two studies were conducted in this population to obtain validity evidence of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), an instrument that measures dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. In the first study, 203 students (65% women) participated. After ensuring the linguistic adequacy and clarity of the wording of the items, a lack of congruence was found between the factors obtained in the exploratory factor analysis and the original theoretical structure of the HFS. A sample of 512 participants (63.9% women) attended the second study. This study aimed to analyze the construct validity of the HFS using confirmatory factor analysis through structural equation modelling and to explore convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity. Of the different factorial configurations tested (including the original), only a scale reduction to eight items, grouped into three factors, showed an appropriate fit. The HFS eight-item version also showed acceptable internal consistency, adequate convergent and discriminant validity, and criterion validity with respect to related variables. These findings suggest that the eight-item version of the HFS may be a valid and reliable tool for assessing forgiveness for self, others, and situations in Spanish adults.

The nexus between the increasing involvement of youth in betting games and unemployment: the Nigerian perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbemi Oladipo Olaore ◽  
Bimbo Onaolapo Adejare ◽  
Ekpenyong Ekpenyong Udofia
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Youth Involvement ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Betting games have become a global industry worth billions of dollars providing employment to millions and contributing to the gross domestic product (GDP) of several countries. While there are debates and controversies surrounding betting games discourse, a growing body of literature shows that it has been exacerbated by growing unemployment rates. This paper aims to examine the nexus between the increasing involvement of youth in betting games and unemployment from the Nigerian perspective. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts simple random and stratified sampling techniques to select participants for the study. Three hypotheses were tested for this study and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. Findings The three hypotheses tested in this study were coined from previous literature. The study established a direct link between technology advancement, promises of winning big coupled with bonuses while unemployment was not significant to youth involvement in betting games. The study also showed that playing betting games provides another source of income to the youth, who are already engaged in one form of work or another. Finally, youth involvement in betting games has created awareness regarding different sports in the world, while contributing to Nigeria’s economy. Practical implications As betting games centre as a business in Nigeria has contributed substantially and positively to unemployment in Nigeria; the Government of Nigeria are encouraged to streamline and regulate the activities of the sector such that they can contribute significantly to the country GDP and provide employment opportunities to the youths. Originality/value The research shows that the reason why betting games have a massive turnaround of youths in Nigeria is not majorly because of unemployment but as another means to a substantial financial individual/family income. Thus, Nigerian youths see betting games as an avenue to make more money. The study is the first of its kind to examine the nexus between betting games, technology and unemployment hence, its contribution to knowledge.

Homesickness: a comparative study of defense and civilian employees and individual differences

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naval Garg ◽  
B.K. Punia ◽  
Vanshikha Kakkar ◽  
Sarika Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Civilian Employees

Purpose Most of the studies in the field of homesickness are confined to students; this study aims to explore the feeling of homesickness among working professionals. Also, it tends to examine individual differences in the experience of homesickness across employees of different gender, ages, experience, family type, etc. The study also aspires to compare homesickness among military and civil employees. Design/methodology/approach The study explores five dimensions of homesickness, namely, missing family, missing friend, rumination about home, feeling lonely and adjustment problems. The collected data is subjected to reliability, validity and confirmatory factor analysis. Further, t-test and analysis of variance are used to explore homesickness differences across soldiers and corporate employees. Findings The study reveals that homesickness is significantly higher for employees in the male, unmarried, nuclear family, above the age of 45 years, and below the graduation category. Also, defense people experience more homesickness than civilian employees. Originality/value This study is one of the pioneer studies that compare homesickness among defense and civilian employees. Also, variables such as type of family, the experience of employees and marital status have hardly been explored in the literature of homesickness.

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