scholarly journals Accessory Foramen Transversarium in Cervical Vertebrae – An Osteological Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 17437-17439
Author(s):  
Camellia Chanda MBBS, PGDMCH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Accessory Foramen

scholarly journals An Osteological Study of Anatomical Variations of Foramen Transversarium of Cervical Vertebrae and its Clinical Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 8145-8150
Author(s):  
Shivaleela C ◽  
◽  
Khizer Hussain Afroze M ◽  
Ramesh P ◽  
Lakshmiprabha S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cervical Injuries ◽  
Type V ◽  
Study Type ◽  
Accessory Foramen

Background: In cervical vertebrae, the costal and transverse elements are connected to each other around the foramen transversarium of the transverse process. The adult cervical vertebrae are characterized by the presence of Foramen Transversarium (FT) in transverse process. These transverse foramina are found to have variations in size, shape and numbers and may be absent, incomplete or duplicate, which may lead to various symptoms. Aim: To study the anatomical variations of cervical vertebrae. Materials and methods: The present observational study was performed on 182 dry human cervical vertebrae of unknown sex and age. Intact cervical vertebrae without any degenerative or traumatic disorders were included in this study. Deformed and damaged vertebrae were excluded from the study Results: Out of these 364 foramen transversarium, 98 (27%) foramen transversarium were of type-I. Type -I was the most common presentation in the present study. Type -II foramen transversarium were seen in 33 (09%) foramen transversarium. Out of 364 foramen transversarium 88 (24%) foramen transversarium were of type-III. Type-IV foramen transversarium were seen in 62 (17%) foramen transversarium. Type-V foramen transversarium were seen on 83 (23%) foramen transversarium. Out of 182 vertebrae 40 (22%) showed complete double foramen transversarium. Incomplete double foramen transversarium were seen in 24 (13%) of vertebrae. One side complete & other side incomplete foramen transversarium were seen in 04 (02%) vertebrae. Conclusion: Knowledge of such variations is important for Physicians, Neurologists Otorhinolaryngologists, radiologists and Orthopedicians. Presence of accessory foramen transversarium especially of incomplete variety, the second part of vertebral artery may be dislodged and prone to get damaged easily during posterior cervical injuries. It helps in radiological imaging, neurological diagnosis and complex surgical procedures in the cervical area. KEY WORDS: Cervical Vertebrae, Foramen transversarium, Accessory Foramen Transversarium.

scholarly journals The study of incidence of accessory foramen transversaria in the cervical vertebrae

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 85-87
Author(s):  
Dr. Nilima P. Patil ◽  
◽  
Dr S.S Dhapate ◽  
Dr. Satish Porwal ◽  
Dr V.B. Bhagwat
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Accessory Foramen

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ACCESSORY FORAMEN TRANSVERSARIUM IN DRIED CERVICAL VERTEBRAE IN HUMAN BEING

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2.2) ◽  
pp. 3791-3795
Author(s):  
Sudarshan Gupta ◽  
◽  
Zarna Patel ◽  
Rupal S. Gautam ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Accessory Foramen

scholarly journals STUDY OF ACCESSORY FORAMEN TRANSVERSARIA IN CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 097-099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pretty Rathnakar ◽  
Remya K. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Vertebral Arteries ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Accessory Foramen

AbstractThe cervical vertebrae presents foramen transversaria in each transverse process. In all but the seventh cervical vertebra, the foramen normally transmits vertebral artery and vein and a branch from the cervicothoracic ganglion.140 cervical vertebrae were studied. Variations were noticed in the number of foramen transversarium unilaterally and bilaterally. Variations in foramen transversarium may indicate the variation in course of vertebral arteries

scholarly journals Variations of Foramen Transversarium in Typical Cervical Vertebrae

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Cardinal Feature ◽  
Accessory Foramina ◽  
Accessory Foramen

The cardinal feature of cervical vertebrae is the foramen transversarium, which transmits the vertebral artery, its accompanying vein and a sympathetic plexus from the inferior cervical ganglion. The aim of the present study was to observe the variations in the size and shape and number of foramen transversarium of typical cervical vertebrae. The study material consisted of 176 typical cervical vertebrae of unknown sex and origin, taken from adult dried human bones present in archieve of department of anatomy. The maximum and minimum mean diameters of the foramen transversarium on the right side were 6.54 mm and 5.39 mm respectively. On the left side, the maximum and minimum mean diameters of the foramen transversarium were 6.28 mm and 5.27 mm respectively. The difference of parameters on the right & left side was statistically insignificant. In no case was the foramen transversarium absent though it was asymmetrical in two cervical vertebrae. Accessory foramen transversarium were present in 11 cervical vertebrae which were present bilaterally in 7 and unilaterally in 4 vertebrae (1 right-sided and 3 left-sided). These accessory foramina could be due of remnants of costal element or due to variations in the vertebral vessels. The anatomical knowledge of the variations in the F.T of cervical vertebrae can be of importance to the neurologists, clinicians and radiologists for proper interpretation of X-rays and CT scans. This knowledge can also play an important role in identification of the dead bodies if ante mortem radiographs of the deceased are available for comparison.

Multiple subluxations and comminuted fracture of the cervical spine in a sheep

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-38
Author(s):  
C.-C. Lin ◽  
K.-S. Chen ◽  
Y.-L. Lin ◽  
J. P.-W. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Spinal Reflexes ◽  
Spine Trauma ◽  
Blunt Force Trauma ◽  
Comminuted Fracture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

SummaryA 5-month-old, 13.5 kg, female Corriedale sheep was referred to the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, with a history of traumatic injury of the cervical spine followed by non-ambulatoric tetraparesis that occurred 2 weeks before being admitted to the hospital. At admission, malalignment of the cervical spine with the cranial part of the neck deviating to the right was noted. Neurological examinations identified the absence of postural reactions in both forelimbs, mildly decreased spinal reflexes, and normal reaction to pain perception tests. Radiography revealed malalignment of the cervical vertebrae with subluxations at C1–C2 and C2–C3, and a comminuted fracture of the caudal aspect of C2. The sheep was euthanized due to a presumed poor prognosis. Necropsy and histopathological findings confirmed injuries of the cervical spine from C1 to C3, which were consistent with the clinical finding of tetraparesis in this case. This paper presents a rare case of multiple subluxations of the cervical spine caused by blunt force trauma in a young sheep. These results highlight the importance of an astute clinical diagnosis for such an acute cervical spine trauma and the need for prompt surgical correction for similar cases in the future.

scholarly journals 1-kHz high-frequency spinal cord stimulation alleviates chronic refractory pain after spinal cord injury: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaki Yamada ◽  
Aiko Maeda ◽  
Katsuyuki Matsushita ◽  
Shoko Nakayama ◽  
Kazuhiro Shirozu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Intractable Pain ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Background Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently complain of intractable pain that is resistant to conservative treatments. Here, we report the successful application of 1-kHz high-frequency spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in a patient with refractory neuropathic pain secondary to SCI. Case presentation A 69-year-old male diagnosed with SCI (C4 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A) presented with severe at-level bilateral upper extremity neuropathic pain. Temporary improvement in his symptoms with a nerve block implied peripheral component involvement. The patient received SCS, and though the tip of the leads could not reach the cervical vertebrae, a 1-kHz frequency stimulus relieved the intractable pain. Conclusions SCI-related symptoms may include peripheral components; SCS may have a considerable effect on intractable pain. Even when the SCS electrode lead cannot be positioned in the target area, 1-kHz high-frequency SCS may still produce positive effects.

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