scholarly journals Variations of Foramen Transversarium in Typical Cervical Vertebrae

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Cardinal Feature ◽  
Accessory Foramina ◽  
Accessory Foramen

The cardinal feature of cervical vertebrae is the foramen transversarium, which transmits the vertebral artery, its accompanying vein and a sympathetic plexus from the inferior cervical ganglion. The aim of the present study was to observe the variations in the size and shape and number of foramen transversarium of typical cervical vertebrae. The study material consisted of 176 typical cervical vertebrae of unknown sex and origin, taken from adult dried human bones present in archieve of department of anatomy. The maximum and minimum mean diameters of the foramen transversarium on the right side were 6.54 mm and 5.39 mm respectively. On the left side, the maximum and minimum mean diameters of the foramen transversarium were 6.28 mm and 5.27 mm respectively. The difference of parameters on the right & left side was statistically insignificant. In no case was the foramen transversarium absent though it was asymmetrical in two cervical vertebrae. Accessory foramen transversarium were present in 11 cervical vertebrae which were present bilaterally in 7 and unilaterally in 4 vertebrae (1 right-sided and 3 left-sided). These accessory foramina could be due of remnants of costal element or due to variations in the vertebral vessels. The anatomical knowledge of the variations in the F.T of cervical vertebrae can be of importance to the neurologists, clinicians and radiologists for proper interpretation of X-rays and CT scans. This knowledge can also play an important role in identification of the dead bodies if ante mortem radiographs of the deceased are available for comparison.

scholarly journals Abdominal pain and two x-rays: spot the difference

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. e95-e95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Rajković ◽  
D Papeš ◽  
S Altarac ◽  
N Arslani
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Artery Embolism ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bilioenteric Fistula ◽  
The Right

We present two patients with air found in the right upper quadrant on standard abdominal x-ray. One was diagnosed with pneumobilia and underwent elective surgery for a bilioenteric fistula. The other was diagnosed with portal vein gas and underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomy at which a superior mesenteric artery embolism was found. The differential diagnostic criteria for pneumobilia and portal vein gas are described. If portal venous gas is found on x-ray in patients with abdominal pain, it is recommended that management is aggressive, meaning an emergency exploratory laparotomy, because mortality in such cases is approximately 75%.

scholarly journals The Appointment of a Proxy "At Any Time" in Terms of Section 58 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008: Richard Du Plessis Barry v Clearwater Estates NPC [2017] ZASCA 11

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Vela Madlela
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Practical Implications

Section 58(1) of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 gives a shareholder the right to appoint a proxy "at any time" for the purpose of participating in, speaking and voting on behalf of that shareholder at a shareholders′ meeting, or providing or withholding written consent on behalf of the shareholder in terms of section 60. One important issue that arises in regard to the appointment of a proxy relates to the proper interpretation of section 58(1) of the Companies Act 71 of 2008, namely whether this section, as read with section 58(3)(c), constitutes an unalterable provision giving a shareholder an unlimited right to appoint a proxy "at any time" before the proxy exercises the shareholder's rights at the shareholders meeting, or whether the time period within which the instrument of a proxy′s appointment must be delivered to the company may be restricted by the MOI. This issue was considered by the SCA in the Richard Du Plessis Barry case in view of the appellant′s contention that the provisions of the MOI that limited the time period within which the instrument appointing a proxy must be delivered to the company, or other person on behalf of the company, were valid. In this note, I examine the Richard Du Plessis Barry case with a focus on the proper interpretation of the right of a shareholder to appoint a proxy "at any time" as conferred by section 58(1) of the Companies Act 71 of 2008. I provide some critical comments on the main issues that this judgement raises, including the interpretation of section 58(1) in the context of "alterable" and "unalterable" provisions of the Companies Act 71 of 2008, a purposive interpretation of section 58(1), the interaction between section 58(1) and section 58(3)(c), the significance of the difference in the wording of section 58(1) of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 and section 189 of the previous Companies Act 61 of 1973, as well as the practical implications of the court's decision in this matter. This is followed by a brief comparative analysis with selected international jurisdictions and some concluding remarks.    

scholarly journals Analisis Performa Pre-Trained Model Convolutional Neural Network dalam Mendeteksi Penyakit Tuberkulosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Ovy Rochmawanti ◽  
Fitri Utaminingrum ◽  
Fitra A. Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Image Size ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Disease Testing

<p>Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan salah satu penyakit berbahaya yang dapat menular lewat udara dan sering menyebabkan kematian apabila tidak cepat ditangani. Penyakit TB bisa disembuhkan dengan deteksi dini sehingga penderita dapat segera mendapatkan pengobatan yang tepat. Metode Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) digunakan untuk mendeteksi penyakit TB melalui foto rontgen dada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan model CNN yang mampu menghasilkan performa paling baik dalam mendeteksi penyakit TB. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan lima pre-trained model yang telah disediakan oleh Keras yaitu <em>ResNet50</em>, <em>DenseNet121</em>, <em>MobileNet</em>, <em>Xception</em>, <em>InceptionV3</em>, dan <em>InceptionResNetV2</em>. Perbedaan ukuran gambar yag digunakan pada saat pelatihan dan pengujian juga akan dianalisis pengaruhnya terhadap nilai akurasi yang dihasilkan dan waktu komputasinya. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa model <em>DenseNet121</em> mampu menghasilkan nilai akurasi tertinggi dalam mendeteksi penyakit TB, yaitu 91,57%. Sedangkan model <em>MobileNet</em> merupakan model dengan waktu komputasi tercepat untuk semua ukuran gambar yang diuji. Semakin besar ukuran citra maka semakin tinggi nilai akurasinya, namun di sisi lain waktu komputasi juga akan semakin lama. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p class="Abstract"><em>Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the dangerous disease that can be transmitted through the air and often causes death if not treated quickly. This illness can be cured with early detection, so that sufferers can immediately get the right treatment. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method is used to detect TB disease through chest X-rays. This study aims to determine which CNN model is able to produce the best performance in detecting TB disease. Testing was carried out using five pre-trained models provided by Keras namely ResNet50, DenseNet121, MobileNet, Xception, InceptionV3, and InceptionResNetV2. The difference in image size used during training and testing will also be analyzed for its effect on the resulting accuracy value and its computation time. The test results showed that the DenseNet121 model was able to produce the highest accuracy value in detecting TB disease, namely 91.57%. Meanwhile, the MobileNet model is the model with the fastest computation time for all image sizes tested. The bigger the image size, the higher the accuracy value, but on the other hand the computation time will also be longer.</em></p>

scholarly journals Determination of Absolute Structure of Chiral Crystals Using Three-Wave X-ray Diffraction

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1389
Author(s):  
Ksenia Kozlovskaya ◽  
Elena Ovchinnikova ◽  
Jun Kokubun ◽  
Andrei Rogalev ◽  
Fabrice Wilhelm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bragg Reflection ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chiral Crystals ◽  
Absolute Structure

We propose a new method to determine the absolute structure of chiral crystals, which is based on the chiral asymmetry of multiple scattering diffraction. It manifests as a difference in the azimuthal dependence of the forbidden Bragg reflection intensity measured with left and right circularly polarized X-ray beams. Contrary to the existing ones, the suggested method does not use X-ray anomalous dispersion. The difference between the Renninger scans with circularly polarized X-rays has been experimentally demonstrated for the 001 reflection intensities in the right- and left-handed quartz single crystals. A Jmulti-based code on model-independent three-wave-diffraction approach has been developed for quantitative description of our experimental results. The proposed method can be applied to various structures including opaque, organic and monoatomic crystals, even with only light elements. To determine the type of isomer, the Renninger plot of a single forbidden reflection is sufficient.

scholarly journals Finger Length Ratios in Serbian Transsexuals

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vujović ◽  
Srdjan Popović ◽  
Ljiljana Mrvošević Marojević ◽  
Miomira Ivović ◽  
Milina Tančić-Gajić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Finger Length ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Atypical prenatal hormone exposure could be a factor in the development of transsexualism. There is evidence that the 2nd and 4th digit ratio (2D : 4D) associates negatively with prenatal testosterone and positively with estrogens. The aim was to assess the difference in 2D : 4D between female to male transsexuals (FMT) and male to female transsexuals (MFT) and controls. We examined 42 MFT, 38 FMT, and 45 control males and 48 control females. Precise measurements were made by X-rays at the ventral surface of both hands from the basal crease of the digit to the tip using vernier calliper. Control male and female patients had larger 2D : 4D of the right hand when compared to the left hand. Control male’s left hand ratio was lower than in control female’s left hand. There was no difference in 2D : 4D between MFT and control males. MFT showed similar 2D : 4D of the right hand with control women indicating possible influencing factor in embryogenesis and consequently finger length changes. FMT showed the lowest 2D : 4D of the left hand when compared to the control males and females. Results of our study go in favour of the biological aetiology of transsexualism.

Legal Update: North Dakota Supreme Court: Third Edition of Guides is “Most Current”

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
James J. Mangraviti
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Hip Motion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Rotation ◽  
Hip Extension

Abstract The accurate measurement of hip motion is critical when one rates impairments of this joint, makes an initial diagnosis, assesses progression over time, and evaluates treatment outcome. The hip permits all motions typical of a ball-and-socket joint. The hip sacrifices some motion but gains stability and strength. Figures 52 to 54 in AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, illustrate techniques for measuring hip flexion, loss of extension, abduction, adduction, and external and internal rotation. Figure 53 in the AMA Guides, Fourth Edition, illustrates neutral, abducted, and adducted positions of the hip and proper alignment of the goniometer arms, and Figure 52 illustrates use of a goniometer to measure flexion of the right hip. In terms of impairment rating, hip extension (at least any beyond neutral) is irrelevant, and the AMA Guides contains no figures describing its measurement. Figure 54, Measuring Internal and External Hip Rotation, demonstrates proper positioning and measurement techniques for rotary movements of this joint. The difference between measured and actual hip rotation probably is minimal and is irrelevant for impairment rating. The normal internal rotation varies from 30° to 40°, and the external rotation ranges from 40° to 60°.

Implementasi Sistem Informasi Monitoring Pengolahan Data Inventory Gudang Pada PT.Talaga Mulya Indah

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Nurlaila Suci Rahayu Rais ◽  
Dedeh Apriyani ◽  
Gito Gardjito
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Monitoring of warehouse inventory data processing is an important thing for companies. PT Talaga mulya indah is still manual using paper media, causing problems that have an effect on existing information, namely: problems with data processing of incoming and outgoing goods. And the difference between data on the amount of stock of goods available with physical data, often occurs inputting data more than once for the same item, searching for available data, and making reports so that it impedes companies in monitoring inventory of existing stock of goods. Which aims to create a system that can provide updated information to facilitate the warehouse admin in making inventory reports, and reduce errors in input by means of integrated control. In this study, the authors used the data collection method used in this analysis using the method of observation, interviews, and literature review (literature study). For analysis using the PIECES analysis method. Furthermore, the system design used is UML (Unified Modeling Language). The results of this study are expected to produce the right data in the process of monitoring inventory data processing, also can provide the right information and make it easier to control the overall availability of goods.

Konsep Pemerintahan Religius dan Demokrasi Menurut Abdul Karim Soroush dan Ayatullah Khomeini

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-473
Author(s):  
M. Heri Fadoil
Keyword(s):  
Religious System ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Ayatollah Khomeini ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Abstract: Abdul Karim Soroush judges that religious rule is incorrect assessment of the application of Islamic jurisprudence. In a religious society, Islamic jurisprudence obtains the right to govern. It is, of course, necessary to establish a kind of Islamic jurisprudence-based religious rule. Soroush firmly rejects it because such interpretation is too narrow. As for democracy, Soroush argues that the system used is not necessarily equal to that of the Western. On the contrary, Ayatollah Khomeini’s thoughts on religious rule are reflected in the so called wilayat al-faqih. It is a religious scholar-based government. Democracy, according to him, is the values of Islam itself, which is able to represent the level of a system to bring to the country’s progress. Principally, there are some similarities between the ideas of Ayatollah Khomeini and those of Abdul Karim Soroush in term of religiosity. They assume that it is able to sustain the religious system of government. The difference between both lies on the application of religiosity itself. Ayatollah Khomeini applies the concept of a religious scholar-based government, while Abdul Karim Soroush rejects the institutionalization of religion in the government or state.Keywords: Governance, democracy, Abdul Karim Soroush, Ayatollah Khomeini

Multiple subluxations and comminuted fracture of the cervical spine in a sheep

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-38
Author(s):  
C.-C. Lin ◽  
K.-S. Chen ◽  
Y.-L. Lin ◽  
J. P.-W. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Spinal Reflexes ◽  
Spine Trauma ◽  
Blunt Force Trauma ◽  
Comminuted Fracture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

SummaryA 5-month-old, 13.5 kg, female Corriedale sheep was referred to the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, with a history of traumatic injury of the cervical spine followed by non-ambulatoric tetraparesis that occurred 2 weeks before being admitted to the hospital. At admission, malalignment of the cervical spine with the cranial part of the neck deviating to the right was noted. Neurological examinations identified the absence of postural reactions in both forelimbs, mildly decreased spinal reflexes, and normal reaction to pain perception tests. Radiography revealed malalignment of the cervical vertebrae with subluxations at C1–C2 and C2–C3, and a comminuted fracture of the caudal aspect of C2. The sheep was euthanized due to a presumed poor prognosis. Necropsy and histopathological findings confirmed injuries of the cervical spine from C1 to C3, which were consistent with the clinical finding of tetraparesis in this case. This paper presents a rare case of multiple subluxations of the cervical spine caused by blunt force trauma in a young sheep. These results highlight the importance of an astute clinical diagnosis for such an acute cervical spine trauma and the need for prompt surgical correction for similar cases in the future.

Our Bodies, Whose Property?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.

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