scholarly journals The Impact of Online Classes on Ocular Health in School Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Rekha .R.S
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ocular Health

scholarly journals Online classes in Indian schools during COVID 19 pandemic- Effect on ocular health

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-491
Author(s):  
Taskin Khan ◽  
Hina Kauser ◽  
Gaurav Dubey
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Ocular Health

There is increased onscreen time and restricted outdoor activity of Indian school children during COVID19 pandemic lockdown. We investigated the effect of online classes on ocular health of school children and any associated risk factors. Online questionnaire-based survey using Google forms on students of class 5-12 of schools of Delhi. 488 responses were included in the study. Questions based on demographic characteristics, class, type of devices and pattern of usage for online classes, spectacle use, ocular symptoms suggestive of computer vision syndrome (headache, ocular pain, blurred vision, redness, itching and burning of eyes) were asked and responses noted. Student suffering from any ocular disease except refractive error were excluded. Excel spread sheet was used for data analysis. The prevalence of ocular symptoms and type of device used were expressed as percentage. With the CI of 95% the significance level was considered as P <0.05. The main outcome was symptoms of eyestrain arising due to online classes. 488 students from Class 5 to 12 responded (98.7% response rate). Mean age was 14years.Total prevalence of ocular symptoms was 64.34% (313 students, P< 0.0001). Smart phone was the commonest device used for online classes (78.27%). 247 out of 382 smartphone users (64.65%, P<0.0001) had ocular symptoms. 163 students who had refractive errors 61.9% of them had significant symptoms.Digitalization has helped in continuing school education during pandemic. However, it’s effect on ocular health of children is a major challenge. Reforms are needed in the school curriculum to minimize the exposure and long-term collateral impact of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Online art therapy in elementary schools during COVID-19: results from a randomized cluster pilot and feasibility study and impact on mental health

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Malboeuf-Hurtubise ◽  
Terra Léger-Goodes ◽  
Geneviève A. Mageau ◽  
Geneviève Taylor ◽  
Catherine M. Herba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Art Therapy ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Children’S Mental Health ◽  
Children's Mental Health ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Emerging literature on the current COVID-19 crisis suggests that children may experience increased anxiety and depression as a result of the pandemic. To prevent such school and mental health-related problems, there is a timely need to develop preventive strategies and interventions to address potential negative impacts of COVID-19 on children’s mental health, especially in school settings. Results from previous child clinical research indicate that art-based therapies, including mindfulness-based art therapy, have shown promise to increase children’s well-being and reduce psychological distress. Objective The goal of the present pilot and feasibility study was to compare the impact of an emotion-based directed drawing intervention and a mandala drawing intervention, on mental health in elementary school children (N = 22), in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Both interventions were group-based and delivered online and remotely. A pilot study using a randomized cluster design was implemented to evaluate and compare both interventions in relation to child anxiety, depression, inattention and hyperactivity symptoms. Results Analyses of covariance revealed a significant effect of the type of drawing intervention on levels of inattention, after controlling for baseline levels. Participants in the emotion-based directed drawing group showed lower inattention scores at post-test, when compared to participants in the mandala group. Post-hoc sensitivity analyses showed significant decreases in pre-to-post scores for levels of hyperactivity for the complete sample. Conclusion Overall, results from this pilot and feasibility study showed that both an emotion-based directed drawing intervention and a mandala drawing intervention may be beneficial to improve mental health in elementary school children, in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. From a feasibility standpoint, results indicate that the implementation of both interventions online and remotely, through a videoconference platform, is feasible and adequate in school-based settings. Further work incorporating larger sample sizes, longitudinal data and ensuring sufficient statistical power is warranted to evaluate the long-term impact of both interventions on children’s mental health.

The impact of vaping on ocular health: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanisha Martheswaran ◽  
Margaret H. Shmunes ◽  
Yasmyne C. Ronquillo ◽  
Majid Moshirfar
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ocular Health

scholarly journals Relationship between classroom social goal structures, gender, and social outcomes in Japanese elementary school children

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Ohtani ◽  
Ryo Okada
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Goal Structure ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
Goal Structures ◽  
Classroom Adjustment ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the interaction between gender and classroom social goal structures and the impact they have on children's prosocial behaviors and classroom adjustment. Specifically, classroom social goal structures (consisting of prosocial and compliance goal structure) are the degree to which focal social goals are presented in classrooms. Numerous previous studies have tested the gender differences in social outcomes; however, the results of such past studies have been mixed, as some detected gender differences while others did not. This suggests the existence of moderator variables. Consequently, in this research, we focused on classroom-level moderators in the relationship between gender and social outcomes. We analysed a sample of 3,609 Japanese public elementary school children from 114 classrooms, and we detected the presence of cross-level interactions and found that classroom social goal structures can promote or degrade boys' social outcomes.

The Effects of COVID-19 on Education in Pakistan: Students’ Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-234
Author(s):  
Fouzia Malik ◽  
Fouzia Ajmal ◽  
Zohran Jumani
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Online Platform ◽  
Postgraduate Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Due to the wide spread of COVID-19, the educational institutes were closed on 20th March, 2020 and the individuals were advised to isolate themselves at home. This lockdown not only adversely affected the economy but all the educational activities were shut down which created a huge gap in students’ learning and knowledge all over the globe. This quantitative study was designed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the education of higher level students in the context of Pakistan. The five point Likert Scale questionnaire was provided to the learners enrolled in intermediate, undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate level. 74 respondents respond to the questionnaire. The data were analyzed through SPSS 23. The results of the findings revealed that students have been facing a lot of difficulty to grasp certain concepts during e-classes. The students lacked internet access along with not been given any prior guidance related to the usage of online platform. The challenges regarding online classes at the same time are being faced by the teachers as well along with the students. It was also analyzed that although teachers are providing all the necessary resources and feedback to the students but still students have been going through difficulties in grasping the concept, gaining knowledge and communicating with their teachers online. Due to immense number of online classes teachers have a huge workload on their part.

scholarly journals Child safety programs for primary school children decrease the injury severity of dog bites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Kienesberger ◽  
Christoph Arneitz ◽  
Vanessa Wolfschluckner ◽  
Christina Flucher ◽  
Peter Spitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Child Safety ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study focuses on the impact of a prevention program regarding dog bites in children. As a consequence of our previous investigation in 2005, we have initiated a child safety program for primary school children starting January 2008 until present to teach children how to avoid dog attacks and how to behave in case of an attack. In our retrospective study, we analyzed all patients younger than 15 years presenting with dog-related injuries between 2014 and 2018. As the main indicator for success of the prevention measures taken, we have defined the severity of injury in comparison to our previous study. Out of 296 children with dog-related injuries, 212 (71.6%) had sustained a dog bite. In the vast majority (n = 195; 92%), these patients presented with minor injuries; the extremities were most commonly affected (n = 100; 47%). Injuries to the head (n = 95; 45%) and trunk (n = 18; 8%) were less frequent. The proportion of severe injuries (8%) was significantly lower compared to our previous study, where 26% of children presented with severe injuries necessitating surgical intervention, while the number of patients requiring in-hospital treatment declined from 27.5% in the period 1994–2003 to 9.0% in the period between 2014 and 2018 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Teaching of primary school children may effectively reduce the injury severity of dog bites. What is Known:• Dog bites are a substantial healthcare problem especially in children. What is New:• This study shows that a broad-based prevention program for primary school children can effectively decrease the severity but not the frequency of dog bite injuries in children.

scholarly journals Class Representatives and Students’ Behaviour: An Overview at the Post-Covid-19 Pandemic in the Perspective of the Community of Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Ilane Frank Dias ◽  
Christane Bellucci
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Virtual Classes ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Impact

Engagement of students and the learning process in the classroom has become one of the significant challenges that higher education (HE) institutions face in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, with classes running in the virtual environment. One of the approaches that can be used to understand student behaviours and their social interactions is the community of practice (CoPs) as a construct that can be strategic to connect classes representatives, college's objectives and the student's behaviour. The class representatives can play a diverse role, from helping the tutors motivate the students on their learning process to acting as a central and essential communication channel between the students and the academic coordinators. Yet, little is known about the role of these students as a strategy to tackle such problems increased with online classes. This study investigates the impact of class representatives on students' behaviour in the sense of their engagement and learning in virtual classes context post the Covid-19 pandemic. This is a conceptual paper to bridge the mentioned theories, link work across disciplines, provide multi-level insights, and broaden the scope of thinking. The theoretical findings show that class representatives can play a relevant role by increasing engagement and facilitating the students' learning. The results can help HE institutions to develop policies and practices to be more competitive and move forward. This study advances the emergent research efforts to respond to the challenges arising from the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Survey on the Progression of Myopia in Children and Adolescents in Chongqing During COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wujiao Wang ◽  
Lu Zhu ◽  
Shijie Zheng ◽  
Yan Ji ◽  
Yongguo Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Online Classes ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic restricts children and adolescents from doing normal daily activities such as playing outdoors and going to school. The incidence and prevalence of myopia have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the impact of the home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic on the progression of myopia among children and adolescents in Chongqing, China.Methods: The survey was conducted by using stratified samplings. Samples were randomly selected from the 2019 National Student Physique and Health Survey database, and their visual function and refractive data were compared with those in 2020. Vision-related behavior questionnaire including digital screen exposure was applied to investigate the correlation between eye parameter and eye health-related behavior.Results: A total of 1,733 and 1,728 students were enrolled in 2020 and 2019, respectively. The percentage of myopia students was 55.02% in 2020, which was higher than that in 2019 (44.62%). The mean uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA, LogMAR, 0.35 ± 0.42) in 2020 was higher than that in 2019 (0.27 ± 0.36, P &lt; 0.001). The mean spherical equivalent (SE) refraction (−1.94 ± 2.13 D) in 2020 was lower than that in 2019 (−1.64 ± 5.49 D, P &lt; 0.001). For students who used digital devices for online courses, the mean SE in the television group (−1.10 ± 1.49 D) was better than that in the computer group (−2.03 ± 2.37 D, P = 0.0017) and in the cell phone group (−2.02 ± 2.09 D, P = 0.0028). The average duration of online classes (r = −0.27, P &lt; 0.0001), the number of online classes per day (r = −0.33, P &lt; 0.0001), as well as digital screen exposure time (r = −0.20, P &lt; 0.0001) were negatively correlated with SE, and the average time of outdoor activity (r = 0.20, P &lt; 0.0001) was positively correlated with SE.Conclusions: Increased digital screen exposure contributes to myopic progression in children and adolescents of Chongqing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Suitable digital devices should be provided for online classes and outdoor activity should be advocated to prevent myopic pandemic.

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