scholarly journals Combining First Nations Research Methods with a World Health Organization Guide to Understand Low Childhood Immunisation Coverage in Children in Tamworth, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Susan Thomas ◽  
Natalie Allan ◽  
Paula Taylor ◽  
Carla McGrady ◽  
Kasia Bolsewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Cultural Safety ◽  
World Health ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Immunisation Coverage ◽  
Strength Based ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Coverage Rates ◽  
Immunization Programmes

In Australia, we used the World Health Organization’s Tailoring Immunization Programmes to identify areas of low immunisation coverage in First Nations children. The qualitative study was led by First Nations researchers using a strength-based approach. In 2019, Tamworth had 179 (23%) children who were overdue for immunisations. Yarning sessions were conducted with 50 parents and health providers. Themes that emerged from this research included: (a) Cultural safety in immunisation services provides a supportive place for families, (b) Service access could be improved by removing physical and cost barriers, (c) Positive stories promote immunisation confidence among parents, (d) Immunisation data can be used to increase coverage rates for First Nations children. Knowledge of these factors and their impact on families helps ensure services are flexible and culturally safe.

scholarly journals Partnerships in Health Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Palitha Abeykoon
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
World Health ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Health Development ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Health Organization

The COVID-19 pandemic has thrown into bold relief the need for an all-of-society response supported by regional and global partnerships to control the epidemic. Addressing the social determinants of health, Universal Health Coverage, the non-communicable disease (NCD) burden, the other communicable diseases and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) all would require a close collaboration among different sectors and stakeholders, including the private sector. Partnerships connote three fundamental themes—a relative equality between the partners, mutual commitment to agreed objectives and mutual benefit for the stakeholders involved. The decisions are made jointly, and roles are not only respected but are also backed by legal and moral rights. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been and continues to be the foremost promoter as well as the host for many of the global and regional partnerships in health. A typological classification would include technical assistance partnerships supporting service access and provision of services including drugs, partnerships focusing on research and development, advocacy and resource mobilisation and financing partnerships mainly to provide funds for definite disease programmes. Partnerships in health have brought and continue to bring multiple benefits to the countries. But they also engender several challenges, including the duplication of effort and waste, high transaction costs (usually to government), issues of accountability and consequent lack of alignment with country priorities. As partnerships become increasingly significant in the twenty-first century, better coordination, particularly in terms of donor harmonisation with national priorities, would be needed. It is not ambitious to attempt the elusive ideal where all parties will benefit from one other with a give and take between all stakeholders. Partnerships in health could well herald a new dawn for health development in the South-East Asia Region.

scholarly journals 1.C. Workshop: How are digital solutions contributing to enhance immunization programmes and policies?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Immunization Programmes

Abstract As vaccine hesitancy and decreasing immunization coverage have been identified by the World Health Organization as global alarming health threats, it is of crucial importance to exploit the potential offered by digital solutions to enhance immunization programmes and ultimately increase vaccine uptake. We have previously developed and published a conceptual framework outlining how digitalization can support immunization at different levels: i) when adopted for health education and communication purposes, ii) in the context of immunization programmes delivery, and iii) in the context of immunization information systems management. The proposed workshop is co-organized by the EUPHA Digital health section (EUPHA-DH) and EUPHA Infectious diseases control section (EUPHA-IDC) and aims at discussing the current AVAILABILITY, USE and IMPACT of digital solutions to support immunization programmes at the international, national and local level, as well as, debating on how technical infrastructures on one side and normative and policy frameworks on the other side enable their implementation. We plan to have a rich set of contributions covering the following: the presentation of a conceptual framework identifying and mapping the digital solutions' features having the potential to bolster immunization programmes, namely: i) Personalization and precision; ii) Automation; iii) Prediction; iv) Data analytics (including big data and interoperability); and v) Interaction; the dissemination of key results and final outputs of a Europe-wide funded project on the use of Information & Communication Technology to enhance immunization, with particular reference to the use and comparative impact of email remainders and personal electronic health records, as well as the results of an international survey conducted to map and collect best practices on the use of different digital solutions within immunization programmes at the national and regional level; the firsthand experience of the United Kingdom NHS Digital Child Health Programme which developed, implemented and is currently evaluating a number of solutions to increase childhood vaccination uptake in England, including an information standard and information sharing services developed to ensure that the details of children's vaccinations can be shared between different health care settings the perspective and experience of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) for Europe and of the World Health Organization (WHO) for the global level of what has worked so far in the digitalization of immunization programmes around the world, what recommendations were developed and which barriers identified at the technical normative and policy level Key messages Digitalization has great potential to support immunization programmes but its practice and impact need to be measured. Country-level and international experiences have created qualitative and quantitative evidence on the effectiveness of digital intervention aimed at increasing vaccine uptake.

When Health Diplomacy Serves Foreign Policy: Use of Soft Power to Quell Conflict and Crises

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Sadat Hosseini Divkolaye ◽  
Mohammad Hadi Radfar ◽  
Fariba Seighali ◽  
Frederick M. Burkle
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Health Diplomacy ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Training

AbstractObjectiveHealth diplomacy has increasingly become a crucial element in forging political neutrality and conflict resolution and the World Health Organization has strongly encouraged its use. Global turmoil has heightened, especially in the Middle East, and with it, political, religious, and cultural differences have become major reasons to incite crises.MethodsThe authors cite the example of the human stampede and the deaths of over 2000 pilgrims during the 2015 annual Haj pilgrimage in Mecca.ResultsThe resulting political conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia had the potential to escalate into a more severe political and military crisis had it not been for the ministers of health from both countries successfully exercising “soft power” options.ConclusionGlobal health security demands critical health diplomacy skills and training for all health providers. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 4)

scholarly journals Scientific Certainty in a Time of Uncertainty: Predicting Vulnerability of Canada's First Nations to Pandemic H1N1/09

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Spence ◽  
Jerry P. White
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

On June 11, 2009, the Director General of the World Health Organization, Dr. Margaret Chan, announced that the scientific evidence indicated that the criteria for an influenza pandemic had been met: pandemic H1N1/09 virus, the first in nearly 40 years, was officially upon us. The World Health Organization has estimated that as many as 2 billion or between 15 and 45 percent of the population globally will be infected by the H1N1/09 virus. Scientists and governments have been careful to walk a line between causing mass public fear and ensuring people take the risks seriously. The latest information indicates that the majority of individuals infected with the H1N1/09 virus thus far have suffered mild illness, although very severe and fatal illness have been observed in a small number of cases, even in young and healthy people (World Health Organization 2009c). There is no evidence to date that the virus has mutated to a more virulent or lethal form; however, as we enter the second wave of the pandemic, a significant number of people in countries across the world are susceptible to infection. Most importantly, certain subgroups have been categorized as high risk given the clinical evidence to date. One of these subgroups is Indigenous populations (World Health Organization 2009c).

Global impact of antimicrobial resistance

2019 ◽  
pp. 569-576
Author(s):  
Catherine Berry
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
The World ◽  
Resistant Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

This chapter describes the worrisome trend of resistance development in antibacterial agents with exponential increases in resistance to the most effective classes of antibiotics. Described by the World Health Organization as a major global health security threat, the annual deaths from drug-resistant infection are projected to increase from 700,000 to 10 million by 2050. This chapter outlines the impact of antimicrobial resistance in humanitarian settings and provides practical approaches which can be used by organizations and health providers.

scholarly journals Vaccinal prevention of chickenpox: relevance of the problem

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
S. V. Nikolaeva ◽  
O. O. Pogorelova ◽  
Yu. N. Khlypovka ◽  
A. V. Gorelov
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Acute Viral Infection ◽  
Mass Immunization ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Bacterial Skin Infections ◽  
Proven Method ◽  
Immunization Programmes

Chickenpox is an acute viral infection which is a serious public health problem. According to the World Health Organization, there are 4,2 million severe forms of disease requiring hospitalization and 4,200 deaths annually. The CP cause is DNA-containing herpesvirus 3, Varicella-zoster. The first symptoms of the disease appear after the incubation period, which lasts from 10 to 21 days, and are manifested by fever, malaise and the appearance of a characteristic rash in the form of small vesicles with transparent content on the skin and mucous membranes. The vesicles are progressively covered with crust, which disappears within 7–10 days. Chicken pox is more frequent in the mild and moderate form, but it may develop severe forms, atypical course, complications (most often bacterial skin infections and lesions of the nervous system are registered in children (more often – chicken encephalitis), and in adults - pneumonia). Vaccinal prevention is the most effective and scientifically proven method of infection control, and chickenpox currently belongs to such infections. The currently used chickenpox vaccines were developed in the mid 1970s, used in some countries from the mid 1980s, and from the early 1990s began to be used in routine immunization programmes in leading countries. Since then, their safety and immunogenicity as well as high efficiency of routine chickenpox vaccine prevention in both healthy and high-risk individuals have been proved. Accumulated experience has shown that a vaccine can reduce the number of cases and the frequency of hospitalizations and deaths when mass immunization is carried out.

scholarly journals Small Session Size and Big Vial Size: Operational Research Assessing Open Vial Vaccine Wastage at the Service Delivery Points in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar During 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Aung Naing Oo ◽  
Pruthu Thekkur ◽  
Aye Mya Cha Thar ◽  
Kyaw Ko Ko Htet ◽  
Htar Htar Lin
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inactivated Polio Vaccine ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Utilization Data ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Immunization Programmes

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends immunization programmes to monitor vaccine wastage at storage and service delivery points. As there were no vaccine wastage assessments in Myanmar, we aimed to assess the vaccine wastage rates in the Mandalay region. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study with the inclusion of all immunization sessions conducted through the twenty randomly selected subcentres in the year 2018. The wastage rates were calculated by aggregating vaccine utilization data from selected subcentres. The vaccine wastage rates for Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) (54.9%), inactivated polio vaccine (28.3%), and measles-rubella (27.4%) were higher than the WHO indicative rates. The high vaccine wastage rates were seen in lyophilized vaccines (36.9%), vaccines requiring only a single dose per child for complete immunization (39.1%), and those with a large vial size of 20 doses (38.8%). The median session size for BCG (6), measles-rubella (4) and inactivated polio vaccine (2) were lower than their vaccine vial size of 20, 10, and 5 doses, respectively. The wastage was high due to smaller session size and larger vial size, necessitating the disposal of unused doses. Better micro-planning to increase the session size and procuring vaccines with smaller vial sizes needs to be tested as a strategy to reduce vaccine wastage.

Factors associated with late presentation of cancer: a limited literature review

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Almuammar ◽  
C. Dryden ◽  
J.A. Burr
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO 2006), cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Deaths from cancer are projected to continue rising, with an estimated 9 million people dying from cancer in 2015 and 11.4 million dying in 2030 (WHO 2006). Delayed presentation or late diagnosis of cancer is associated with low survival. The aim of this review is to identify factors associated with delayed presentation of cancer that were reported by previous studies. Published studies which identified the most common factors attributed to the late presentation of cancer were reviewed. Publications were identified using MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), the Cochrane Library, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database) databases. A Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. A total of 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. A data extraction sheet was used to systematically record relevant factors. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria which identified factors associated with patients’ delay including patients’ knowledge, stress and fear, and nature of the disease. Other factors were attributed to health providers such as general practitioner (GP) experience, referral delay, and a younger age group being considered as low risk, so symptoms were missed.

Comprehending the Number of Individuals with Disabilities and the Need for Oral Health Services

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
H Barry Waldman ◽  
Allen Wong ◽  
Steven P. Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Accreditation Agency ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Introduction: The use of mega-large numbers and percentages to describe the one billion people with disabilities in the world is beyond the comprehension of most people. We find it difficult to personalize such information and tend to skip over the data without considering the multitude of factors that impact on individuals with disabilities and their families. Study design: A review of World Health Organization, U.S. Census Bureau, and Canadian and U.S. dental school accreditation agency documents were used to establish the current information on disability numbers, proportions and dental education programs. Results: More meaningful details from government agencies and the health professions and their educational institutions can provide data that could be used to demonstrate the increasing number of individuals with disabilities in a more meaningful manner; as well as preparing health professionals to provide the needed care. Discussion: The use of survey data for specific countries by: age, types of disabilities, race/ethnicity, family and individual economics, employment and regional distribution provides a more personalized presentation which can be used to reach legislative bodies and health providers.

scholarly journals Programas de inmunización a medida (PIM)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Los Grupos ◽  
Immunization Programmes

La vacunación o inmunización es una excelente intervención de salud, que salva millones de vidas y ahorra aún más dolor y sufrimiento. Permite reducir las desigualdades, aumentar el acceso a los servicios de salud en general e incluso reducir la pobreza. Entonces, ¿por qué muchas personas no están plenamente protegidas frente a las enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación? No hay respuesta sencilla. Algunas personas consideran que su profesional de salud no les presta el apoyo que precisan. Para otras, el horario o el período de espera resultan incómodos; otras pueden dudar de la inocuidad de la vacuna, o desconfían de las autoridades de salud. Algunas otras pueden no haber recibido información adecuada sobre cuándo y dónde acudir a vacunarse. Para alcanzar una cobertura vacunal elevada y equitativa, es necesario comprender las barreras a la vacunación en los grupos de población con insuficiente cobertura vacunal. Solo así pueden diseñarse soluciones que promuevan, motiven y hagan posible la vacunación; soluciones que garanticen la vacunación de todos los grupos de población, con independencia de sus ingresos, nivel educativo, edad, ubicación geográfica, grupo étnico, religión o creencias filosóficas. La Oficina Regional de la OMS para Europa ha desarrollado el enfoque “Programas de inmunización a medida” (PIM) para ayudar a los países a lograrlo. Se basa en los datos científicos y la experiencia a nivel de país, y busca integrar la investigación centrada en las personas y la perspectiva comportamental en las políticas y la planificación de programas de inmunización. El enfoque PIM se basa en tres pilares principales: 1) seis valores y principios; 2) un modelo teórico; y 3) un proceso gradual con ejercicios detallados. En el presente documento se describen con detalle las fases y etapas de un proceso de PIM, con ejercicios y ejemplos que puedan servir de inspiración para los talleres de planificación de PIM. Versión oficial en español de la obra original en inglés: Tailoring Immunization Programmes (TIP). © World Health Organization 2019. ISBN 978-92-89-05449-2.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document