Measuring and Predicting Erosion on Sandy Roads to Inform Strategies for Sustainable Transport Network Management: A Case Study of the Great Sandy National Park, Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Waldron ◽  
Adrian McCallum
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Erosion Prediction ◽  
Road Profile ◽  
Water Erosion Prediction Project ◽  
Sediment Loss ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
The Mean

Different surveying methods were used to assess and illustrate road profile changes and sediment displacement over a six-month period at four sites on a sand road at Cooloola, Queensland, Australia. Total monthly traffic and total monthly rainfall (two-way ANOVA without replication, p < 0.05) had an effect on the mean centre dumpy level depths and sediment displacement at one site (correlation 0.81 for total monthly traffic/mean centre dumpy level depths), but not at the other three sites. Traditional road-surface field measurements showed large changes in volume and weight of sediment movement and Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) modelling predicted an annual sediment yield (i.e., sand displacement from road) of 115.37 kg with a total sediment loss of 7,551.36 kg for each 120 m by 6 m site over the next 80 years. The methodology used can be applied to other national parks and protected areas and for the effective and sustainable management of sand road networks.

Effect of Lowered Tire Pressures on Road Erosion

1997 ◽  
Vol 1589 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy B. Foltz ◽  
William J. Elliot
Keyword(s):  
Water Erosion ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
The Road ◽  
Erosion Prediction ◽  
Water Erosion Prediction Project ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Sediment Loss ◽  
Sediment Reduction ◽  
Logging Truck

The effect of tire pressure on sediment produced by loaded logging trucks operating on low-quality aggregate surfaced roads is analyzed. Rainfall and runoff were measured for three winter seasons with logging truck traffic. Sediment eroded from the road surface from moderately reduced tire pressure road sections averaged 45 percent less than from the highway tire pressure sections. An average reduction of 80 percent was measured from the section used by trucks operating with low tire pressure sections. Because the processes responsible for sediment reduction are not site specific, lowering tire pressures in logging trucks on unpaved roads can reduce the sediment loss from many unpaved road surfaces. The results were used to calibrate the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model. Once calibrated, the model estimated the sediment reduction expected at representative locations for all national forests. The WEPP model demonstrated its ability to be helpful in estimating the sediment reduction from forest roads.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN SHORE-NORMAL BEACH PROFILE CHANGES

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Jaffe ◽  
Richard W. Sternberg ◽  
Asbury H. Sallenger
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Suspended Sediment Transport ◽  
Beach Profile ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
The Mean

Field measurements of suspended sediment-transport were made across a dissipative surf zone during a storm. A correlation between high suspended mass in the water column and periods of onshore flow caused a net onshore transport of suspended sediment even though the mean near-bottom flow was directed offshore. The observed onshore migration of a nearshore bar was predicted by gradients in the crossshore suspended-sediment transport.

Sediment transport under dry weather conditions in a small sewer system

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Flemming Schlütter ◽  
Kjeld Schaarup-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Initial Results

Increased knowledge of the processes which govern the transport of solids in sewers is necessary in order to develop more reliable and applicable sediment transport models for sewer systems. Proper validation of these are essential. For that purpose thorough field measurements are imperative. This paper renders initial results obtained in an ongoing case study of a Danish combined sewer system in Frejlev, a small town southwest of Aalborg, Denmark. Field data are presented concerning estimation of the sediment transport during dry weather. Finally, considerations on how to approach numerical modelling is made based on numerical simulations using MOUSE TRAP (DHI 1993).

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Smallholder Crop Diversification: A Case Study of Manicaland and Masvingo Provinces in Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lighton Dube
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Extension Support

<p>This study analyzes the degree of crop diversification and factors associated with crop diversification among 479 smallholder farmers in Manicaland and Masvingo provinces of Zimbabwe. The Herfindahl index used to estimate diversification, while the Tobit model evaluated factors associated with crop diversification.  The mean crop diversity index is 0.54. On average households in Nyanga and Bikita are the most diversified with indices of 0.48 and 0.49 respectively. The most specialized households are in Mutasa and Chiredzi with indices of 0.62. An analysis by gender shows that male headed households are slightly more diversified than female headed households. The Tobit model indicates that gender of head of household, education, number of livestock units, access to irrigation, membership to a farmers group, access to markets, farming experience, farms on flat terrain, farmer to farm extension, routine extension, agro-ecological zone and household income are significant contributors to increasing crop diversification. In turn, crop specialization is significantly associated with off-farm employment, soil fertility, farmers who are happy with extension contacts per year, farmers trained using the farmer field school approach and farmers who receive NGO extension support.</p>

Seasonal Changes in the Water Relations of Eucalyptus behriana F. Muell. And E. microcarpa (Maiden) Maiden in the Field

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Myers ◽  
TF Neales
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Canopy Conductance ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type Response ◽  
Vapour Pressure Difference

Field observations of some parameters of the water relations of the two eucalypt species E. behriana and E. microcarpa in dry sclerophyll, mallee and woodland vegetation were made at three sites from 1980 to 1983. The mean ( n = 519) water potential measured at dawn (Ψdawn) was -3.07± 0.01 MPa and fluctuated seasonally with rainfall intensity over the range -2.0 ± 0, 1 to -4.4 ± 0.1 MPa ( n = 30). Both species behaved similarly and some osmotic adjustment took place. Mean leaf conductance (gs) varied between 0.151 ± 0.006 and 0.003 ± 0.001 mol m-2 s-1 . Maximum daily values of gs were linearly related to Ψdawn as it fluctuated seasonally. The slope of this linear regression was not significantly different from that relating these values of gs and Ψ, when both were measured concurrently. There were thus no indications of a distinction between the responses of gs to long- and short-term fluctuations of Ψ or of a threshold-type response of gs to Ψ. Field measurements indicated that gs was decreased at high values of vapour pressure difference (Δe). In laboratory studies with seedlings of the two species gs decreased from 0.5 to 0.1 mol m-2 s-I as Δe increased from 0.5 to 3.0 kPa. Leaf and canopy conductance were the predominant plant determinants of transpiration rate (Er) in this type of vegetation which has the capacity to restrict Et via the effect of water potential (Ψ) on gs and also by the response of gs to Δe. Some of the water relations parameters of E. behriana indicated that this species was better able to withstand drought than was E microcarpa.

scholarly journals Apreliminary Study of Sustainable Transport Indicators in Malaysia: The Case Study of Klang Valley Public Transportation

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 464-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahriah Bachok ◽  
Zakiah Ponrahono ◽  
Mariana Mohamed Osman ◽  
Samsuddin Jaafar ◽  
Mansor Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Klang Valley

Using discriminant function analysis to identify Holocene tephras based on magnetite composition: a case study from the Sunwapta Pass area, Jasper National Park

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Beaudoin ◽  
R. H. King
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
National Park ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Jasper National Park ◽  
Multivariate Method ◽  
Reference Samples

The magnetite composition from three sets of samples of Mazama, St. Helens set Y, and Bridge River tephras from Jasper and Banff national parks are used to test whether discriminant function analysis can unambiguously distinguish these tephras. The multivariate method is found to be very sensitive to the change in reference samples. St. Helens set Y tephra is clearly distinguished. However, discrimination between Mazama and Bridge River tephras is less distinct. A set of unknown tephras from the Sunwapta Pass area was used to test the classification schemes. Unknown tephras are assigned to different tephra types depending on which reference tephra set is used in the discriminant function analysis.

Geospatial Application of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Model

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis C Flanagan ◽  
James R Frankenberger ◽  
Thomas A Cochrane ◽  
Christian S Renschler ◽  
William J Elliot
Keyword(s):  
Water Erosion ◽  
Erosion Prediction ◽  
Water Erosion Prediction Project
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